Sen'i Gakkaishi

[title in Japanese]

Yutaka Tanaka

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 3-4
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.3

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STUDIES ON THE VAPOUR PHASE ACETYLATION OF CELLULOSE

(III) ON THE ADSORPTION OF ZINC CHLORIDE IN ACETIC ACID SOLUTION BY CELLULOSE

Iichiro Kido, Kimihiro Suzuki, Koichi Kadoya

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 5-8
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.5

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(1) When cellulose is dipped in acetic acid solution of ZnCl₂ at any temperature, cellulose adsorbs ZnCl₂ following to the Freundlich's Isotherm, and the adsorption decreases as the temperature rises.
(2) It appears that the adsorption is caused by the better affinity between ZnCl₂ and cellulose than between ZnCl₂ and acetic acid.
(3) When acetic acid contains water or acetic anhydride, the adsorption decreases rapidly as its content increases. It seems that this is due to the no less affinity between ZnCl₂ and water or acetic anhydride than between ZnCl₂ and cellulose.
(4) From the above results it may be deduced that in a acetylating mixed acid, acetic acid serves not only as a diluent, but also it causes adsorption of the catalyser upon cellulose and lowering the boundary tension between cellulose and the mixed acid, it promotes penetration or diffusion of the mixed acid into the internal space of cellulose fiber and makes the acetylation smooth and homogeneous.

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STUDIES ON THE VAPOUR PHASE ACETYLATION OF CELLULOSE

(IV) ON THE DEPOLYMERISATION OF CELLULOSE IN ACETIC ACID SOLUTION OF ZINC CHLORIDE

Iichiro Kido, Kimihiro Suzuki, Taro Yamada

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 9-11,5
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.9

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(1) The depolymerisation of cellulose in ZnCl₂-acetic acid solution increases as the concentration of ZnCl₂ or temperature rises.
(2) The depolymerisation decreases as water content in acetic acid solution increases. It seems that this is due to the decrease of ZnCl₂ adsorption on cellulose by adding water into acetic acid.
(3) When acetic anhydride is added into acetic acid, both depolymerisation and acetylation of cellulose take place and they reach maximum at about 60% acetic anhydride concentration. It seems that this is due to the correlation between the increase of acetic anhydride concentration and the decrease of ZnCl₂ adsorption.

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STUDIES ON THE CELLULOSE ACETATE AND ITS MATERIAL PULP

(3). EFFECT OF HOT ALKALINE REFINING UPON THE TURBIDITY PRODUCED DURING ACETYLATION

Yuichiro Sumi, Hiroshi Furuhashi, Hajime Okada

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 12-16
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.12

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Relations between the conditions of hot alkaline refining of pulp and the turbidity produced during the acetylation of the refined pulp were studied, and the following results were obtained:
(1) As the duration of the hot alkaline treatment increases, the yield of the refined pulp decreases, but the turbidity produced during acetylation diminishes. A certain correlation seems to exist between the yield of the refined pulp and the turbidity.
(2) A larger quantity of resistant pure cellulose seems to be necessarily dissolved, in order that even a smaller quantity of impure components is eliminated which are likely to be the causes of the turbidity.
(3) Among the pulps, which are refined to such an extent that their α cellulose contents are above 95%, there are no correlations between the α cellulose content and the turbidity.

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STUDIES ON RESIN FINISHING FOR CELLULOSIC FABRICS

(VI). RESISTANCE OF METHYLENE-LINKAGE FORMED BY FORMALDEHYDE TREATMENT TO DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Seiichiro Matsuzaki, Toshiro Yanase

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 16-21
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.16

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The study deals with the resistance of methylene-linkage to dilute hydrochloric acid, formed between adjacent cellulose chain molecules by formaldehyde treatment in the presence of acidic catalyst, by investigating the amount of the liberated formaldehyde, the alterations of mechanical properties of fibers, yarns and fabrics, and the direct dye affinity by dyeing the cross-section of fibers, and by observation of the fiber surface by the electron microscope.
Viscose spun rayon fabrics and filament yarns were treated similarly as in the previous reports (Part I, IV, and V), that is 5min. immersion in the solution containing 12gr H•CHO and 0.1gr HCl in 100ce, and 10min. heating at 120°C. Then, those were washed 30min. in the distilled water at 90_??_95°C., and rinsed thoroughly by cold water, and then dried. Those formalized cellulose were treated in the dilute hydrochloric acids of various concentration at 90±2°C., for 30min, long.
The combined formaldehyde was hardly broken up by the treatment with HCl 0.2gr/100cc, however, it was gradually liberated with increased acid concentration. Those phenomena were not affected by the heating during the formalizing treatment of cellulose. The formalized fibers were destroyed on their surface by the dilute acid, therefore, as the acid concentration increases, the direct dye affinity of the treated fabrics increase gradually, while for inner portion of their fibers no change could be recognized until their concentration was increased to over 1.3gr/100cc.
The strength of the formalized fiber was little altered with acid treatment described here, but the strength of the yarns and fabrics, was slightly recovered in the case of very low acid concentration, and reduced in the higher concentration.

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STUDIES ON CRABBING (I)

Setsuzo Yamada, Shiro Matsuura

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 21-25
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.21

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An experimental method for evaluating crabbing effect was devised to estimate setting degree of various crabbing conditions, and the following results were obtained:
1. When crabbings are processed in water, within boiling temperature and 5_??_60 min., the higher and the longer, the higher degrees of sets are obtained.
2. When crabbings are processed in NaHSO₃ solutions, similar tendencies are obtained in 0.01, 0.05, 0.1% solutions as in water.
But in 1% and 2% solutions an optimum conditions are recognized.
3. By adding NaHSO₃ to water, same degree set is obtained with more mild conditions than in water, and the effects of NaHSO₃ addition are more noticiable at lower temperature than at higher temperature.

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A NEW METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL SULFURIC ACID IN WOOL

Masami Oku, Itaru Shimizu

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 25-27
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.25

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Many methods have hitherto been proposed for the determination of residual sulfuric acid in wool, but they are not entirely satisfactory. A new accurate and convenient method for the same purpose is presented here by the authors, viz., to replace first the residual H₂SO₄ in wool by warming with 0.13_??_0.25 N HCL at 75°C for 20 minutes and to determine the total amount of acids and HCL by titration with 0.1 N NaOH and 0.1 N AgNO₃ stepwisely, and to calculate H₂SO₄ by reducting the amount of HCl from total acids (H₂SO₄+HCl). Thus, H₂SO₄ in wool may be expressed as mg/g wool.

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THE RESEARCH ON THE CREASE RESISTANCE OF CLOTH

(IV) THE INFLUENCE OF YARN-TWIST ON THE CREASE-RESISTANCE OF FABRIC

Sakio Ikeda, Saburo Okajima

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 28-31
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.28

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27 samples of fabric were prepared from the cotton yarns of 600, 1000 and 1400 twists per meter; the structures of the fabrics were plain weave; 4-harness twill and 8-harness satin. The crease resistance along the warp and weft yarns were measured and the following results were obtained: The crease resistance of the fabric decreases in general with the increase of the twist but in some of them it increases or goes through a minimum or maximum point.
The authors indicated the above changes in the crease resistance in relation to the twist numbers of the warp and weft yarns. The freedom of the single filaments in a yarn decreases gradually with the yarn-twist but the yarn is, at the same time, reinforced by the twist. The above phenomena seems to be caused by the change in the relative intensity of these two factors.

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FRACTIONAL PRECIPITATION OF CELLULOSE NITRATE

(1). DEVIATION OF RESULTANT DISTRIBUTION OF DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION FROM THE SUBSTANTIAL DISTRIBUTION. (2) EFFECT OF FRACTION OF LOW D. P

Hiroshi Asaoka, Akira Suzuki

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 32-38
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.32

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MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE FIBER

Kinzo Ishikawa, Mineo Suzuki

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 38-43
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.38

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The experimental study of effects of heat on mechanical properties of Saran, is performed by using the strain meter.
The results obtained are as follows:
1. Stress-strain curves at different temperatures (30°, 60°, 90°, 120°C) have simple shape and they represent the maximum difference of tangent at between 30° and 60°C.
2. Young's modulus-temperature curve of Saran changes its curvature at the same temperature range.
3. Stress-temperature relation has the same tendency as that of acetate rayon at temperature range of 20_??_120°C, and that maximum shrinkage of the first cycle by heating is observed at same temperature (about 60°C) as that of large decrease of stress.
4. Reduced stress relaxation curves of Saran at 30°C show no change by variation of strain (5, 10 and 15%)
The relaxation curves at 60°, 90° and 120°C have similar behavior, but their stress decreases more rapidly than at 30°C.
5. Amorphous state of Saran is obtained by fusing and then rapidly cooling it in liquid oxygen. By changing the temperature and time different amounts of crystalline are produced. Their stress changes by drawing are larger at higher temperatute.

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Physical Properites of Fabrics (II)

Kinzo Ishikawa

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 44-48
Published: January 10, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.44

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Erratum to : STUDIES ON THE UNION DYEINGS OF ACETATE AND VISCOSE BLENDED FABRICS

1955 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 51
Published: 1955
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.11.1_51

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