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Volume 17, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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PART 1. A PHOTO-ELECTRIC METHOD MEASURING YARN BULKNESS AND FIBER DISTRIBUTION IN YARNKentaro Kawasaki1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 2-10
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA photometric method measuring the bulkness and the distribution of fibers in yarn is described. This method is based on the measuring the intensity of the transmitting light which is projected on a sample yarn through a narrow slit, and the above operation is repeated continuously moving the slit along the lateral direction of the yarn.
Some of morphological characteristics obtained by this method for some textured yarns are similar to those acquired by other methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (1650K) -
(I) SUNLIGHT DEGRADATION OF RAYON STAPLESRyunosuke Kotake, Takehisa Okamoto1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe degradation of various types of rayon staple on the sunlight and Fade-o-meter exposure was studied from the practical point of view. The following conclusions are obtained.
1. All types of the rayon staple tested showed similar degradation curves on sunlight exposure. The high tenacity rayon staple among them kept superior strength and elongation to other rayon staples after 400hr exposure.
2. Investigations on the strength and elongation data of the irradiated crimped dull rayon (CD) led to the establishment of good correlations between the time of Fade-o-meter exposure and the amount of sunlight irradiation.
The correlations could be expressed by the following empirical linear equations; - From strength data: y=21.7x From elongation data: y=16.7x where y: time of Fade-o-meter exposure (hr) x: amount of sunlight irradiation (Kcal/cm).View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
(II) SUNLIGHT DEGRADATION OF RAYON STAPLE FABRICSRyunosuke Kotake, Takehisa Okamoto1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 16-20,11
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStandard muslin (No.9 standard structure) was woven with each of high tenacity rayon staple, regular rayon staple and cotton. All fabrics were exposed to the sunlight for five month under the same conditions and results are compared.
Studies of the change in the dry and wet tenacity, dry and wet elongation, tear strength and flexing abrasion for the irradiated samples, when considerations are given primarily to their absolute values and secondary to the relative ones, showed a considerable superiority from practical standpoint of high tenacity rayon staple over cotton and regular rayon staple.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
(XXXIX). RELATIONS BETWEEN GARROTTING CONDITIONS AND VARIOUS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBRES IN THE CARROTED BULKSSakio Ikeda1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to statistically test the effects on the physical properties by carrotting conditions, the random samplings of the test fibres were taken out of the carroted bulks. As the result, changes of the mechanical and frictional properties and crimps were detected. Therefore, the sampling and estimating methods employed will be useful for an analysis of the relations between the feltability and physical properties of the bulks.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
(IV). ON SPINNING QUALITIES OF METHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMERTakeshi Yasuda1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 27-30
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFiber was produced by the process in which copolymer of methyl acrylate containing acrylonitrile 92-100mol% was treated by spinning in butanol and by heat stretching in glycerin. Pure polyacrylonitrile did not produce the coagulation state in which adequate plasticity may be exhibiteb. Continuation of spinning was difficult, but copolymer containing a small quantity of methyle acrylate exhibited adequate plasticity, and stretching and winding were easy. For example, fiber witn tensile strength 3.6g/den. and elongation 14.8% was produced from 2mol% copolymer.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K) -
(V) FORMATION OF Zn-XANTHATEAkira Takizawa1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRegarding the formation of Zn-xanthate from cellulose sodium xanthate, the fundamental study was made with xanthate model filaments. Influences of ZnSO4 concentration and temperature of reaction bath and filament diameter (a) on Zn-xanthate formation were investigated.
The results are as follows:
(1) Clear boundary line (radius ξ from center of filament at time t) appeares between Na-xanthate and Zn-xanthate.
(2) The higher the concentration of ZnSO4 in reaction bath is, the more quickly boundary line reaches to the center of the filament.
(3) In spite of the diameter changes of the filament, the relations of ξ/a_??_t/T (T: time until the boundary line reaches the center of filament) are drawn in one curve. The relation of T_??_a2 is straight.
(4) Regardless of the temperature of reaction bath, ξ/a_??_t/T relations are indicated by one curve; however, the value of T becomes smaller with rising temperature.
(5) With increase of cellulose content of the filament, the value of T increases.View full abstractDownload PDF (349K) -
(VI) DIFFUSION WITH RAPID REACTIONAkira Takizawa1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 36-43,31
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, the theoretical consideration of phenomena of cylindrical diffusion with rapid reaction is undertaken. The relations between time and position of boundary line caused by rapid reaction, concentration distribution, and amount of diffusing substance are derived. Also, experimental formulas are set up, and their relations to the theory are investigated.
The theoretical and experimental formulas are applied to the experimental results (the previous report) on the formation of Zn-xanthate, and quantitative analysis is undertaken. From the examination at various temperatures, it is concluded that activation energy for the diffusion of ZnSO4 with Zn-xanthate formation is 3.5kcal/mol., which is about 60% of activation energy for ZnSO4 under normal diffusion.View full abstractDownload PDF (482K) -
(I) EFFECT OF NITRIC ACID TREATMENT ON DERESINATIONYuichiro Sumi, Hiroshi Furuhashi1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 44-47
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe application of dilute nitric acid on the refining of unbleached birch sulfite pulp was studied. Treatments with dilute nitric acid and then a hot alkaline solution were_??_recognized to be effective on the removal of resin without much degradation of cellulose, if the acid concentration is about one percent. Following conditions are recommended: acid concentration 1.0_??_1.2%, temperature 90_??_96°C, time 2_??_3 hours. As the nitric acid treatment makes resin and lignin of pulp easily soluble in a hot alkaline solution, the condition of hot alkaline treatment after the acid treatment may be decided by the degree of refining necessary to the refined pulp. The nitric acid refining is more effective than the ordinary refining in deresination.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
(II) THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EMULSION XANTHATION SOLUBILITY CURVE AND THE FILTERBILITY OF THE VISCOSEOsakazu Nakao, Nobuhiko Migita1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 48-54
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, the relation between sulfidation and dissolution in emulsion xanthation of cellulose with varying amounts of carbon disulfide at the constant alkali concentration (S-W curve) was examined, and it was found that S-W curve can be charachterized by A3 and (A2/A3-1) A3 shows the average amounts of dissolved per unit amount of carbon disulfide during the reaction, and (A2/A3-1) shows the ununiformity of the S-W curve (see Fig. 1).
Studies are carried out to observe how the above characteristics of S-W curve are correlated to the state of solution of viscose and how the S-W curve should be characterized in relation to the filterbility of viscose.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The filterbility of the viscose prepared by emulsion xanthation process (KWE) correlates to both A3 and (A2/A3-l). Value of KWE of the viscose prepared with an insuficient amount of carbon disulfide clearly depends on A3. The filter-clogging constant levelled off (KWE(levelled off)) correlates more to (A2/A3-1) than to A3, and the most closed correlation are found between KWE (levelled off) and K3. Here, K3 shows the dissolved distance per unit amount of carbon disulfide at the last stage of reaction during emulsion xanthation (see Fig. 1), and the dissolved distance is calculated from the amounts dissolved on the assumption given in the previous paper.
2) In the case of filterbility of viscose prepared by the conventional process (KW), the closed correlation is found between KW and (%-3), which is the amounts of the dissolved during the last stage of reaction of emulsion xanthation (see Fig. 1). No correlation is found between KW and A3 or (A2/A3-1).
From the above, the following conclusion can be drawn. S-W curve can be characterized by A3 and (A2/A3-1) as a measure of reactivity of dissolving pulp, and (%-3) can be calculated from S-W curve as a measure of filterbility of viscose prepared by the conventional process.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Takeshi Yasuda1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 55-59
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are two methods of heat setting of nylon fabrics, i.e. dry heat setting and wet heat setting (steam setting). As a result of comparative examination, in respect of dyeing property, of the materials treated by those two methods, it was proved that diffusion velosity is higher, and absorbed quantity is larger in the materials treated by wet heat setting than in those processed by dry heat setting, even if those materials are equal in density. It was presumed that in the method of wet heat setting, due to the presence of water molecule, locomotion of molecule segment in amorphous region is easy, the growth of crystallit is conspicuous, the gaps between crystallits become large, and that in the method of dry heat setting crystallit increases in number rather than in volume, crystallits that are smaller than those in the method of wet heat setting are scattered in places, and gaps between crystallits become smaller.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 60-66
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2862K) -
[in Japanese]1961 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 66-74
Published: January 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (699K)
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