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Volume 17, Issue 11
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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(1) DRY SPINNING OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS CONTAINING LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT BASIC COMPOUNDSHidenari Suyama, Mitsutaka Uzumaki1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1073-1078
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDry spinning of polyvinyl alcohol solutions containing lower members of methylol derivatives and ethylenimine derivatives was studied for the purpose of improving the dye affinity of polyvinyl alcohol fibers. Distinctive differences in the viscosity of the spinning solution and the physical properties of the heat-treated fibers were observed between the spinning solution containing methylol derivatives and that containing ethylenimine derivatives. This is explained by a different reactivities of methylol derivatives and ethylenimine derivatives upon polyvinyl alcohol.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
(2) DRY SPINNING OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL PARTIALLY FORMALIZED IN POWDER FORMHidenari Suyama, Mitsutaka Uzumaki1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1079-1082,1073
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyvinyl alcohol was heat-treated in powder form to a degree which will render it soluble in hot water but insoluble in cold water to permit purification with cold water. The heat-treated polyvinyl alcohol was then subjected to a formalization treatment in powder form. It was assumed that the reaction takes place mainly in the amorphous region of the polyvinyl alcohol molecule so that the formalized groups exist as selectively substituted groups and may be considered as a form of block copolymer.
This polyvinyl alcohol was employed to study the rate of formalization, the degree of swelling of films and the physical properties of fibers prepared therefrom. Polyvinyl alcohol containing formal groups in the amount not more than 5% appeared to be selectively substituted. Fibers obtained from partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol were found to have improved mecnanical properties, especially improved elastic recovery under low strain.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
(3) DRY SPINNING OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL PARTIALLY AMINOACETALIZED IN POWDER FORMHidenari Suyama, Mitsutaka Uzumaki, Masao Ishii1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1083-1087,1074
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were made on the partial aminoacetalization of polyvinyl alcohol in powder form and dry spun fibers prepared therefrom. Discoloration of the dry spun fibers was observed during the initial stage of the work. This was found to be dependent upon the method of purification or washing of the polyvinyl alcohol. Such discoloration could be effectively prevented by neutralizing the combined acid in the polyvinyl alcohol and adding color stabilizing agents. Further observations indicated that the degree of neutralization of the combined acid was quantitatively related to the degree of discoloration of the fibers during heat treatment. Dry spinning of partially aminoacetalized polyvinyl alcohol presented no problem and the properties of the fibers were similar to those spun from ordinary polyvinyl alcohol as the substituted aminoacetal groups do not disturb crystallization during heat treatment. The fibers is also found to exhibit excellent dye affinity to acid dyestuffs.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
(I) SOME RESULTS ON DRAFTSeigo Oya, Akira Yasuda, Akiyoshi Nkai1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1088-1093
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe melt spinning by screw-extruder of polypropylen was carried out at 275°C, with various winding speeds (or drafts). The hot drawidg of undrawn filaments was carried out at 120°C in hot air.
Some properties of undrawn filaments are as follows: The increase of draft produces the increase of tensile strength and the decrease of elongation. The birefringence of undrawn filament also increases: with the increase of draft, and the relationship of the two has the character of a saturation curve. The effect of draft on the density is not so large.
Some properties of drawn filaments are as follows: The birefringence and the tensile strength increases and the elongation decreases with increasing draw ratio, varying with draft at the spinning process. The density increases by hot drawing rangeing from 0.909 to 0.911. Drawing under the above condition, tensile strength increases proportionally and elongation decreases inversely to draw ratio. By drawing the initial elasticity it also increases with the decrease of elongation.
For example, as to the filament with draft 800 and draw ratio 5, the denier becomes 4 d and the tensile strength 9.7-10.3g/d.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
Koichi Kato, Kenji Yoshimura1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1094-1099
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper deals with three different kinds of light microscopical techniques which can be used successfully for the purpose of investigating acrylic fibers:
(1) Phase contrast microscope.
(2) Basic dye (Victoria Blue) staining.
(3) Sandocryl (Sandocryl Black) staining.
Several results obtained from a variety of commercial acrylic fibers are presented for illustration. See the figures in the text. In every figure three sheets of photomicrograph are arranged in the same order from left to right: (1) phase contrast picture, (2) Victoria Blue staining, and (3) Sandocryl Black staining. The magnification is fixed to. ca. 500 diameters throughout all figures.
The phase contrast microscopy might be potentially used in combination with an electron microscopical study on ultrathin sections.
The basic dye staining procedure is not only effective in revealing structural details of acrylic fibers under observation, but also will be of importamce in respect to providing informations about practical dyeability.
Sandocryl staining should be remarked on its specificity against acrylic fibers, where copper (I) complex salt formation is involved.
The two-component structure of Orlon 21 is demonstrated in a clearest manner.View full abstractDownload PDF (2789K) -
SPINNING OF ACRYLONITRILE POLYMER SOLUTION IN γ-BUTYROLACTONEMasao Takahashi1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1100-1103
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using the mixture of γ-buthyrolactone-water as coagulating bath, the coagulation process of polymer solution in γ-butyrolactone in this coagulating bath became very suitable to obtain better filaments which had no microscopic hole in their structures. The minimum water content in the coagulating bath required to coagulate polymer solution is much larger than those in other solvent-water bathes such as dimethyl formamide-water and dimethyl sulfoxide-water. By using butanol as a coagulating bath, it is also possible to obtain good coagulating process and better filaments which has superior mechanical properties and fine textures.View full abstractDownload PDF (221K) -
INFLUENCE OF DEGRATION OF PULP ON M-W CURVEOsakazu Nakao, Makoto Usuda, Nobuhiko Migita1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1104-1109
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, it was found that the marcerization-resistance curve (M-W curve) obtained by varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution in emulsion xanthation is influenced by socalled lateral order distribution of pulp.
According to O. Samuelson et a12)., “the reason why the pulp viscosity can be used as a criterion of filterbility of a viscose prepared from the pulp is that the decrease in viscosity in a given, process, e. g. the ordinary sulfite cooking, is parallel to the attack upon the fiber structure.” They added also that “experiments on emulsion xanthation can be used as a complement and be of considerable value for the comparison of similar types of the biological structure of which has been, attacked to a different degree.”
It seems to be very important for estimating the value of M-W curve as an indication of reactivity of pulp, how the opinion mentioned above can be adapted in the comparison of different types, of pulps prepared from different raw materials or by different processes.
In order to obtain the relation between M-W curve and average degree of polymerization of cellulose, dissolving sulfite pulp (DSP), dissolving sulfate pulp (DKP), linters pulp (Li. P) and mercerized DSP were degradated by various treatments to various degrees, and M-W curves of these samples were determined in this paper.
The results obtained are as follow:
The solubility of pulp in emulsion xanthation increases as average degree of polymerization of cellulose is lowered. Influence of the differences of lateral order found amoung DSP, DKP and Li. P upon the solubility in emulsion xanthation do not diminish, though each pulp has been hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid solution and cellulose has been degradated as low as 300 of average degree of polymerization of cellulose. The fact shows the influence of fine structure of cellulose on M-W curve is very significant. Then M-W curves of DKP treated with dilute sulfuric acid solution, dilute ligninsulfonic acid solution or ultra violet ray, and of DSP hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid solution after mercerization or aged in air after mercerization were determined. It was found also that the properties of fine structure of cellulose has more effect on M-W curve than average degree of polymerization of cellulose. For the similar type pulps degradated with similar type treatments, the solubility in emulsion xanthation is parallel to average degree of polymerization of cellulose, but for the different types of pulp, M-W curves are governed mainly by the fine structure of cellulose. This means M-W curve can not be used as a criterion of filterbillity of a viscose preparad from the different type of pulp.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
(PART XI) ON THE CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT IN AZOIC DYESYoshimi Takase, Toshihiko Ogawa1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1110-1115
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn case azoic dyes were applied to the acrylonitrile fibre, some factors influencing the absorption of bases into the fibre were measured. Then, as to the fibre treated with bases and grounders, the suitable conditions of development were measured. The results obtained are as follows;
(1) The absorption of bases is given high value in the alkali solution, while that of grounders is done in the acid solution. In the case of treatments by single-bath method, therefore both the components should be employed without the addition of acid or alkali.
(2) As the rate of absorption of bases is in general lower than that of the grounder, it is desired that a carrier is employed or that pre-treatment by bases is applied to the fibre.
(3) The effect of development is influenced chiefly by the rate of diffusion of HNO2 into the fibre and of decomposition of diazonium salts. And suitable conditions of development are temperature -85 °C, time-40-60min., concentration -HCl 27% and NaNO2 20%, liquor ratio-80:1
(4) The process of development consists of the diazotization of bases and the coupling reaction with grounders, but as the products of nitroso compounds are found in reactions with grounders, the existance of a side reaction might be considered in the process of development.
(5) 2:3-Hydroxynaphthoic acid as the grounder may be recommendated from the view points of the absorption into the fibre and the colour tone by development, excepting that Naphthol AS is employed in the case of treatment with bases which is apt to form a tar.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Naoyuki Kishi1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1116-1124
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of gamma radiation on some of the physical properties of various fibers were investigated.
The results obtained are as follows.
(1) The extent of effects induced by gamma radiation on the mechanical property and the molecular weight of fibers varies with the stability of fibers for radiation. But generally speaking, up to abut 106 reps dose irradiation little changes of the mechanical property and the molecular weight are observed, but after about 106 reps dose the changes increase suddenly.
(2) The ralation between the mechanical property and the molecular weight of irradiated fibers is given as following;
where S0 is the mechanical property of un-irradiated specimen, S the mechanical property of irradiated specimen, _??_0 is the average molecular weight of un-irradiated specimen and _??_ the average molecular weight of irradiated specimen.
(3) The presence of oxygen trends to accelerate the degradation of Vinylon (formalized), Nylon -6 and polypropylene, but on cotton, viscose-rayon and Vinylon (not formalized) little or no effect is observed.
(4) The change of crystallinity induced by irradiation is very small.
(5) The damages of surface structure of fibers were observed with an electron microscope.View full abstractDownload PDF (2669K) -
[in Japanese]1961 Volume 17 Issue 11 Pages 1125-1135
Published: November 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2116K)
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