Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 56, Issue 7
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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  • Retention behavior of alkenyl succinic anhydride size on handsheets
    Akira Isogai
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 328-333
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.328
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Handsheets were prepared with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) under various conditions, and retention behavior of ASA on the handsheets was studied. The addition of polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin resin (PAE) and/or aluminum sulfate to pulp suspensions resulted in higher sizing level together with greater ASA content of the handsheets prepared thereof, compared with the result for handsheets prepared without PAE. At the same ASA content, the handsheets prepared by the ASA-aluminum sulfate system had higher sizing level than those prepared by the ASA-PAE system. ζ-Potential measurement supported the idea that ASA emulsion particles had amphoteric surface charges in pulp suspensions, owing to hydrolyzed ASA molecules formed on size emulsion particles by hydrolysis. Cationic compounds such as PAE and aluminum sulfate can, therefore, interact with anionic sites of both ASA emulsion particles and cellulose, and higher size retention can be achieved by these electrostatic interactions in pulp suspensions.
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  • The reason why the reactive chemical structure of alkenyl succinic anhydride is necessary for efficient paper sizing
    Akira Isogai
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 334-339
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.334
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    ASA-sized handsheets were prepared, and extractability of the size components from the handsheets was studied by either Soxhlet extraction in sheet form with chloroform or 1% Tween 80 extraction in fibrous form. Although a part of size components could not be removed by the Soxhlet extraction, most size components were removed by the 1% Tween 80 extraction at 70°C for 4h. This result indicates that most size components are present in ASA-sized paper without forming ester bonds with hydroxyl groups of cellulose. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that, when an old ASA emulsion was used in handsheet-making, large flocs of size emulsion particles were formed owing to hydrophobic interactions between the particles, thus resulting that no sizing features appeared on the handsheets. Thus, the reactive chemical structure of ASA molecules in each ASA emulsion particle is necessary for avoiding flocculation of the size emulsion particles in papermaking process.
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  • Cooling Behavior of the Spinning Line of Poly(ether ether ketone)
    Yutaka Ohkoshi, Changkyung Park, Yasuo Gotoh, Masanobu Nagura, Koichir ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 340-347
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.340
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK) has generally been spun at the spinning temperature over 380°C. The cooling behavior of the spinline was analyzed considering the effects of natural convection and heat radiation for the PEEK spinline whose temperature was controlled by a heating tube set beneath the spinneret. At the high temperature and in the low speed melt spinning processes, the Nusselt number should be a function of not only Reynolds number but also Rayleigh number. It was estimated for each spinning condition by assuming the empirical formula Nu=kReaRab. The obtained Nusselt numbers were higher than the reported values, especially when the fiber temperature is higher than 300°C. The higher cooling rate on the spinning line was caused by the natural convection.
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  • Application of Texture Analysis to Judgement of Wrinkle Grade for Trousers
    Toyonori Nishimatsu, Sachiko Ohi, Masaru Nakazawa, Eiji Toba, Ken-ichi ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 348-353
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.348
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    “Wrinkle” is one of the important factors to evaluate the appearance of trousers. This paper describes the application of digital image processing to the grading (from grade 1 to grade 5) of trousers wrinkle. After the analogue image of wrinkle photographed by CCD camera changed the digital image at A/D converter of the experimental image processing system, the flattening processing and the gray-scale transformation processing were done about the digital image. And the grades of trousers wrinkling were analyzed using a texture analysis technique. As the result, there is a good agreement between the grades of wrinkle predicted by the texture analysis and the evaluated grades by the specialists.
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  • Effect on Wrinkle Recovery of Processing Wool with 2-Iminothiolane Hydrochloride
    Akio Kuzuhara, Teruo Hori
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 354-362
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.354
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In the previous paper, we proposed a new finishing method for creaseproof wool fabrics. Using 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride (2-IT), an appropriate number of thiol (-SH) groups were introduced into wool fabrics and then oxidized to make disulfide (-SS-) groups. Also, using this method, we were able to produce excellent wool having good wrinkle recovery and setting ability. In this study, we investigated the details of the reaction of 2-IT with wool fabrics and obtained the following results. 1) The amount of 2-IT that reacts is decreased in the case of dyed wool fabrics. 2) The reaction of 2-IT is complete within 2 hours at pH 7.9 and 40°C. 3) Wrinkle recovery is constant over the range of pH6.7∼8.0.4) No difference in wrinkle recovery was found over 0.3wt% of 2-IT without processing for reduction. Furthermore, it was shown that although the wrinkle recovery of wool fabrics treated by this method does not exceed that of wool fabrics treated with mercury acetate, it almost corresponds to the wrinkle recovery of 70% polyester wool fabrics after treatment with 2-IT under optimal conditions. In addition, the disulfide (-SS-) content of treated wool was estimated by FT Raman spectroscopy. As a result, it was clear that wrinkle recovery improved with an increase of the disulfide content in wool fabrics. From this experiment, it has become apparent that the wrinkle recovery of wool fabrics can be improved by introducing additional-SS-groups.
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  • Fine Structure and Degradation Behavior of Poly (L-lactic acid) and Poly (butylene succinate) Blends
    Shinichi Hirota, Shigeo Asai, Masao Sumita, Kiyohiro Inoue
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 363-370
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.363
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    Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA), poly(butylene succinate)(PBSU) and their blends was performed in the phosphate buffered solution of pH7.4 at 37°C. Cholesterol esterase was used as the enzyme. The blend films before and after hydrolysis were characterized. From the results of Wide Angle Xray Deffraction measurement for the quench films before hydrolysis, PLLA was amorphous and PBSU was crystallized. The spherulite of PLLA was observed in the blend films during annealing at 130°C. The degradation rate of the blend films decreased with increasing the mixing ratio of PLLA and with increasing the crystallinity of PLLA. From the results of FT-IR measurement, the dominant component at the surface of PLLA/PBSU=50/50 blend film before hydrolysis was PBSU, but after hydrolysis, the dominant component at the surface was PLLA. In this work, we found that the degradation rate of the blend films depends on not only the mixing ratio of PLLA but also the crystallinity of PLLA.
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Technical Articles
  • An attempt to prepare the nonwoven fabric made up of cuprammonium regenerated cellulose fibers by a new method
    Fumiyoshi Yokoyama, Takayuki Ono, Hidetada Harada, Kunio Kimura, Yuhik ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 371-380
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.371
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The extrusion of a cuprammonium cellulose solution into the rotational flow field of a disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate solution led to the formation of the nonwoven fabrics of regenerated cellulose fibers around a rotor. Morphological and structural features of the products were examined by polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction photography. It was revealed that the constituent fibers have a distinct skin-core strcture. The crystal modification of the fibers was cellulose II. The degree of the chain orientation of the fibers was increased with increasing the draft ratio, with the birefringences of 0.012 to 0.028, which were nearly situated in the same range as those of cuprammonium rayon fibers. The concentrations of the residual copper in the present fabrics were satisfactorily low.
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