Sen'i Gakkaishi

Flame-Retarding of Polylactide Fabrics

Hiroh Kubokawa, Masanori Ohta, Tatsuko Hatakeyama

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages 290-297
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_290

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The flammability and flame-retarding of polylactide fabrics were investigated. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of untreated polylactide fabric was 24.1%. This result proved that polylactide fabric is not incombustible, but is difficult to burn continuously in air. Polylactide fabrics were treated with several bromine-containing flame retardants and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, triphenylphosphate (TPP), respectively, at 120°C in water for 30min. Among the bromine-containing flame retardants used in this study, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBP-A) had the highest efficiency of sorption. However, the LOI value of treated fabric remained at 25.9% when the amount of sorbed TBP-A increased over 4.38% o. w. f. (percent on the weight of the fiber). From the DSC data, it was suggested that the sorption sites which have strong affinities for polylactide segments are occupied by TBP-A molecules up to 4.38% o. w. f. On the other hand, in the case of TPP treatment, the LOI value reached 27.8%, a maximum, at 3.05% o. w. f. When the amount of sorbed TPP increased to 12.78% o. w. f., however, the LOI value decreased to 25.4%. From the scanning electron micrograph and DSC data of the treated fabric containing 12.78% TPP, it was found that an excess amount of sorbed TPP crystallizes on the surfaces of polylactide fibers. The formation of crystalline TPP caused the tensile strength to be depressed to ca. 30% as compared to the untreated fabric. From these results, an important conclusion was made that a high flame retardancy can be given to polylactide fabric by moderate TPP treatment.

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Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Cotton/Polyester Blended Yarn Fabrics Treated with Flame Retardants

Hiroh Kubokawa, Kazuyoshi Takahashi, Shoko Nagatani, Tatsuko Hatakeyam ...

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages 298-305
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_298

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The thermal decomposition behavior in air of flame-retardant cotton/polyester (C/P) blended yarn fabrics was investigated by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis/mass spectrometry. Pyrovatex CP New and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBP-A) were used as flame retardants. When the fabric was treated with Pyrovatex CP New, the evolved gases in thermal decomposition, such as water, methanol and carbon dioxide, were analyzed from the mass profile data at m/z 18, 31 and 44. These results suggested that phosphonopropionic acid, which was liberated from N-methylol 3-(dimethyl phosphono) propionamide, the main component of Pyrovatex CP New, promotes the dehydration and carbonization of cotton cellulose. On the other hand, the TG curve of treated fabric with TBP-A showed that TBP-A promotes the thermal decomposition of fabric. The evolution behavior of water and carbon dioxide obtained from the mass profile data at m/z 18 and 44 suggested that the acceleration of thermal decomposition occurs in cotton. When the fabric was treated with Pyrovatex CP New and TBP-A by two-component sequential treatment, TBP-A did not promote the thermal decomposition of fabric and was released in the gas phase above 300°C. From this result, it is thought that Pyrovatex CP New treatment inhibits the acceleration of thermal decomposition. It is concluded that Pyrovatex CP New and TBP-A give a flame retardancy to C/P blended yarn fabric in the condensed phase and the gas phase, respectively.

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Large Deformation of Woven Fabrics under Free Shearing Uni-axial Load

Masayuki Takatera, Naoko Kumoda, Limin Bao, Yoshio Shimizu, Masayoshi ...

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages 306-314
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_306

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Free shearing deformation of woven fabrics under uniaxial tensile load was analyzed, Equations to calculate the strains along the yarn directions and crossing angle of yarns from the cloth strains were derived. Considering the linear elasticity, the relationships between the tensile loads and the strains under comparably large strains were also analyzed theoretically. Using the theory, the shearing was examined. Experiments were carried out for some plain fabrics in bias directions under comparably large load by the rod-clamp method to measure the deformations under bias load. In some bias direction, both extension and compression were found in yarn directions with shearing of the yarns' crossing angle. For fabrics with different structures in warp and weft directions, the deformation behaviors showed non-symmetry about the load direction of 45degrees. The calculation value of yarn strains and yarns crossing angle were agreed well with measured ones. The apparent shearing modulus was calculated from the experimental strains. In experimental condition, the apparent shearing rigidity shows non-linear characteristics against the changing angle between crossing yams. The dependence of apparent shearing rigidity on the load direction was found that the rigidity becomes large when the load direction was near by yarn direction.

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Synthesis and Nucleophilic Substitution of Tosylated Konjac Glucomannan

Kensuke Takechi, Ken-ichi Furuhata

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages 315-322
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_315

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Konjac glucomannan was treated with p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) chloride in an interfacial reaction. The tosylation proceeded effectively and the degree of tosylation (DS_TS) reached 2.34 under optimum conditions. Samples with DS_TS values higher than about 0.5 were soluble in many kinds of organic solvents such as N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, chloroform and pyridine while they were insoluble in water, methanol and ethanol. Tosylated samples were treated with lithium chloride, lithium bromide or sodium iodide in DMA. The NMR analysis of products showed that tosyloxy groups at C-6 were substituted with halogen atoms.

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Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharides Containing Acetamido Groups

Gereltu Borjihan, Kaname Katsuraya, Hideki Nakashima, Toshiyuki Uryu

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages 323-330
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_323

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A series of stereoregular azido group-containing copolymers such as poly [3-azido-2-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-3-deoxy-(1→5)-α-D-xylofuranose-co-2, 3-di-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-(1→5)-α-D-ribofuranose] [copoly (A3ASX-ADSR)] were synthesized by selective ring-opening polymerization of 1, 4-anhydro-3-azido-2-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-3-deoxy-α-D-xylopyranose (A3ASX) and 1, 4-anhydro-2, 3-di-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-α-D-ribopyranose (ADSR) with BF₃•OEt₂ catalyst. The number-average molecular weights (_??__n) were in a range of 3.5×10⁴_??_4.2×10⁴. The optical rotations ([α] _D) increased from +119°to+143° with increasing mole fraction of the xylofuranosidic units in the copolymers from 30% to 78%.
Reduction of the azido group in the copolymer into an amino group, acetylation of the amino group into an acetamido group, and removal of the t-butyldimethylsilyl group afforded poly [3-acetamido-3-deoxy-(1→5)-α-D-xylofuranose-co-(1→5)-α-D-ribofuranose] [copoly (A3AAdX-R)] with _??__n 9.0×10³ and [α] _D of +150.8°. Sulfation of the 3AAdXF and copoly (A3AAdX-R) produced a sulfated 3-acetamido-3-deoxy-(1→5)-α-D-xylofuranan with _??__n of 17.1×10³, and a sulfated poly _??_3-acetamido-3-deoxy-(1→5)-α-D-xylofuranose-co-(1→5)-α-D-ribofuranose_??_ with _??__n of 10.9×10³. The degrees of sulfation of homo- and co-polymers were 0.72 and 1.03, respectively. The four kinds of sulfated acetamido group-containing polypentoses exhibited medium-to-high anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activities in the range of EC₅₀ of from 0.42μg/mL to 62.86μg/mL, while they showed low anticoagulant activities in the range of 0 to 6unit/mg.

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A Shape of a Wrinkle Which was Observed in a Flared Skirt during Walking and it's Fluctuation (1/f^α)

Saburo Ishikawa, Teruaki Yanagawa, Yumiko Takeshita

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages 331-335
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_331

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Wrinkles which appeared in a flared skirt were observed at regular intervals (0.084sec.) Shapes of these wrinkles changed from time to time and seemed to be classified in to alphabetical letter I, C and S.
A fluctuation α which was involved in a shape of wrinkle was changed depend on its'own shape. An appearance of these shapes of the wrinkles were different when the observation was carried out at front or back of the walker.

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Structural Analysis for Commercial Poly (ethylene terephthalate) Fiber with Longitudinal Thickness Fluctuation

Yutaka Kawahara, Takeshi Kikutani, Masaki Tsuji

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages 336-340
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_336

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The structure of poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers with longitudinal fluctuation in cross-sectional area of so-called Thick and Thin (T&T) fiber was investigated. The molecular orientation in the thick part was significantly lower than the thin part. However, there lies little relation between the Lorentz density and the molecular orientation. The increase in crystallinity after heat treatment in the boiling water was also irrespective of the molecular orientation. A permanganic etchant was made, and the change in surface morphology was investigated using the SEM. On the surface of thin parts, lots of channels parallel to the fiber axis were observed.

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Recent Adavance of Scientific Studies on Textiles an Cultural Properties

Masanori Sato

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages P216-P221
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_P216

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Analysis of the Material and Technique of Historic Textiles and It's Conservation

MASAKO SAITO

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages P222-P225
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_P222

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The Color and Dyeing in Ancient Times

MITSUO KIMURA

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages P226-P229
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_P226

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Research in the Junction Area of Archaeology and Chemistry of Fiber Materials

NATSUKO KOHARA

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages P230-P234
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_P230

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The Technique of Ancient Textiles

KAZUKO SAKAMOTO

1999 Volume 55 Issue 7 Pages P235-P239
Published: July 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.7_P235

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