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Volume 16, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 2-4
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (333K) -
[in Japanese]1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 4-6
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (289K) -
(VIII) EFFECTS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF COAGULATION BATH ON THE WET SPINNING OF DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE-GLYCERINE SYSTEMMasao Takahashi, Masamoto Watanabe1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 7-15
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe wet spinning of dimethyl formamide solution of acrylonitrile copolymer into the glycerine bath was investigated. The results obtained on the effect of bath temperature are as follows.
(1) The spinnability that is, maximum spinning velocity, increases with increasing bath temperature and increases with decreasing output and the viscosity of polymer solution.
(2) Decrease of maximum draw ratio of undrawn filaments with increasing bath temperature is not particularly large.
(3) The effect of bath temperature upon dry tensile strengths of drawn filaments varies with the draw ratio of these filaments. When the draw ratios of the filaments are small, the above mentioned effect is not distinct. On the other hand, when the draw ratio of the filament becomes larger, the lower the bath temperature, the larger the dry tensile strength. As to the dry tensile elongation, this effect is also not distinct.
(4) As to the dry knot strength and elongation, the effect of the draw ratio is larger than that of the bath temperature.
(5) The initial moduli and the toughnesses calculated from stress-strain curves of drawn filaments become larger with decreasing bath temperature, The similar results may be obtained for the elastic recovery characteristics.
(6) At lower bath temperatures, the textures of filaments obtained by wet spinning become compact or dense as the desolvation or the diffusion of the solvent is comparatively slow. On the contrary, at elevated bath temperature, owing to the higher speed of desolvation, the contrast between skin and core become clearer, and it may be seen that there are many microscopic holes in the core zone.
These differences in the texture of the filaments coinside with those results obtained from the specific gravities and ratios of the cross sections.View full abstractDownload PDF (2631K) -
(IX) RELATIONS BETWEEN VARIOUS SPINNING CONDITIONS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DRAWN FILAMENTS OBTAINED BY THE WET-SPINNING OF DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE-GLYCERINE SYSTEMMasao Takahashi, Masamoto Watanabe1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 15-20,7
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of various wet-spinning conditions of dimethylformamide-glycerine system upon the mechanical properties and the microscopical structures of drawn filaments were investigated. The remarkalbe results obtained are as follows.
The hole-diameter of nozzle and the temperature of spinning bath which may influence the diffusion and desolvation velocities of solvent, or the drawing ratio which may influence the orientation of filaments have the most remarkable effects on the mechanical properties of the drawn filaments. The changes of knot strength of drawn filaments were found to be not very large even when the tensile strength of drawn filaments varies markedly under various spinning conditions. These results indicate that the samples become brittle and lose toughnesses when the tensile strength of these samples become large.View full abstractDownload PDF (4241K) -
Heihachiro Ito1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 21-24
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cross-linking by means of reaction between polyvinyl alcohol fiber and N, N′-methylenebisa-crylamide was studied using the curing method (110_??_205°C) in the presence of NaOH catalyst. The reactivity of heat-treated polyvinyl alcohol fiber was less that of untreated polyvinyl alcohol fiber. The maximum value of the degree of substitution was about 2.5mol%. Over the degree of substitution of about 1.5mol, the reaction products became insoluble in boiling water. However, the shrink-proof was not sufficient even after formalization. Affinities for various dyestffs were improved remarkably.View full abstractDownload PDF (303K) -
(III). THE INFLUENCE OF SOFTENERS UPON THE RIGIDITY OF RAW SILKHaruo Takagi1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ratio of the rigidity of raw silk which had been treated with the solution of some softeners to that of untreated one (relative rigidity) was directly measured, and the following results were obtained.
1) The rigidity of raw silk is generally lowered by the treatment with the solution of softeners.
2) The weight of raw silk is gradually increased and its rigidity is lowered with increased concentration of the softeners used. The rigidity of the raw silk treated with a comparatively higher concentration of some anionic softeners is lowered to about one-half of that of untreated raw silk.
3) Although it is not clear whether the decrease of the rigidity of the treated raw silk is due, to the water contained in the softeners or to the softener molecules themselves, it seems that molecules play some role.
4) The weight of raw silk is generally increased by lengthning the time of treatment.
5) As a whole, the influence of the temperature of the treatment (10_??_42°C) upon the rigidity is not large.View full abstractDownload PDF (279K) -
Kazuyuki Fujii, Tsutomu Kamijo, Akiko Nakatsugawa1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 31-41
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of surface active agents on the physical and chemical properties, elongation, strength, directional frictional coefficient and dyeability of fiber, are studied.
It was stressed in the previous paper that the physical and chemical properties of wool fibres treated with various surfactants are affected by following two factors.
1) pH ofsolution of the surfactants
2) Adsorption state of surfactants Especially when the pH is neutral, it is observed that remarkable differnce in transformation of physical and chemical properties depend evidently upon the kind of surfactants used.
Anew it is recognized that Herbig number and degree of drying are considerably different by kind of surfactants used.
When the surfactants used is effective in wringing and is degree of drying, it is possible to prevent the damage of wool fiber caused by heat drying.View full abstractDownload PDF (5956K) -
(IV) ON THE REACTION OF THE PRECONDENSATES IN THE FINISHIG BATH DURING THE PRE-DRYINGShuzo Yokoyama1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 42-47
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the reaction of the U. F. precondensates in the finishing bath during the pre-drying, the change of pH and relative viscosity (ηr) of the finishing bath at 75°C were observed obtaining the following results.
1. Both pH and ηr, are remarkably influenced by the catalyst type used. Of course these influences become least in case of no catalyst and indeed there appear but a little change after two hours. When the catalyst AC is used, there is no appreciable degree of difference as in the cace no catalyst is used. Catanitto, NH4Cl and D. A. P. decrease pH and increase ηr greatly until the bath becomes turbid by the white precipitates after short time.
2. If the precondensates are methylated, the stability of the bath can be improved and both pH and ηr vary very slowly.
3. There exists no linear relation between pH and ηr.
Next, we estimated F% and M% at 75°C for the finishing bath consisted of methylated dimethylol urea. F% means the extent of producing formaldehyde and M% that of forming methylene linkage. The influences of catalyst on pH and ηr, were similar to the above effects.
When Catanitto, NH4Cl and D. A. P. are used as catalyst, though F% did not reach 25%, M% amounted to about 70% resulting the total extent of reaction (T%) to 90_??_97%.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
(V) ON THE EFFECTS OF PICK UP PERCENTAGEShuzo Yokoyama1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 47-50,42
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of pick up percentage on the resin distribution at the resin finishing of cellulosic fabrics by the precondensates of thermosetting resins were observed and obtained the following results.
1. Pick-up percentage and bath solid types have little influence on the distribution of the bath liquor just after squeezing.
2. The resin distribution after curing is hardly affected by the pick-up percentage when it amounts beyond a certain value. However, under this value, the resin migration becomes less vigorous with the lower pick-up percentage. Therefore the outer resin decreases and inner resin increases in this case, suggesting the severe sqeezing is much desirable at the resin finishing.
From the above results, it is seen that the pick-up percentage remarkably influences the resin distribution, therefore we must be cautious of the sqeeze roller clearance to keep the uniformity of the resin finishing effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (324K) -
(PART I) ABSORTION OF ACIDS IN THE ANION EXCHANGE RESINYoshimi Takase1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 51-55
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMaking the study of the properties of solution of free acid of acid dyes (aromatic sulphonic acids) in weak base polyamine type ion exchange resin, it was found that the exchange capaci-ties sometime differ.
Acid dyes generally have higher molecular weight than inorganic acids and their intermediates, and do not penetrate rapidly into resin structures. All the acid solutions are, during the first few minutes, absorbed rapidly into resin, but later the longer the molecular size becomes, the slower become the rate of the whole exchange. Therefore, when dye solutions of more than 15Å in molecular length are passed through resin, a pure dye solution, able to be used in dyeing experiments, is obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (423K) -
(PART II) MECHANISM OF REDUCTION ON CUPRIC SULPHATEYoshimi Takase1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 55-60,51
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe constituion of poly-acrylonitrile fibre contains no cationic groups, which give absorption site for anionic acid dyes. But nitrile group co-ordinates with cuprous ion, introducing new positively charged sites in the fibre on which absorption of dye anions occurs. Cuprous ion is produced by cupric sulphate with reducing agents at high temperatures. Reduction and co-ordinate absorption must take place on the fibre simultaneously, so that under such conditions, redox potential, rate and extent of cuprous ion may become decisive factors in determing its suitablity for acid dyes.
From such considerations, our results suggest that hydroxylamine sulphate is more satisfactory reducing properties than other agents, as it reduces cupric sulphate slowly and moreover can show almost theoretical redox potential. However even this agent does not seem satisfactory for decrease less than 3 percent(o. w. f.).View full abstractDownload PDF (499K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 61-64
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (295K) -
[in Japanese]1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 64-65
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (718K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1960 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 66-73
Published: January 10, 1960
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (704K)
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