Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
Volume 32, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • KIICHI TAKEMOTO
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages P101-P106
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Strength and Fracture of Fibrous Structure
    IKUO NARISAWA, HIROYUKI OGAWA
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages P107-P116
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • TAKANORI SAITO
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages P117-P124
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • KENJI KAMIDE
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages P128-P139
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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  • Yasushi Saito, Tetsu Sekine, Yuzo Yamamoto, Shigetake Kinoshita
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages T135-T147
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A study was made of the morphological changes of crystalline fine texture that occurred when poly (ethylene terephthalate) films were degraded in aqueous ethylamine at room temperature. Earlier works proposed that photomicrographies applied to the investigation of the etching patterns were sensitive technique to detect the differences of orientation anisotropy and amounts of crystallinity for PET films which had different mechanical and thermal history. In the present work X-ray measurements were used to deduce the information on the occurring of the various etching patterns based on the structural changes of the crystallite orientation, the size of crystallite, the long period spacing and the distributions of the size of laminar domains by the degradation of films.
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  • Tsunetaka Matsumoto, Katsuhiko Nakamae, Seigi Kawarai, Tsukasa Ochiumi
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages T148-T154
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The physical properties and crystal structure of ethylene-vinylalcohol-acrylic acid terpolymer (EVA-AA: 1_??_10mol% AA content) were investigated by X-ray diffraction method and differential scanning calorimetry.
    Following results were obtained: (1) The degree range of crystallinity of EVA-AA was about 15_??_25% which is lower than that obtained of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (25_??_50%) notwithstanding their nearly similar vinyl alcohol (VA) content. (2) A crystalline region of EVA-AA was partially decomposed by acrylic acid (AA) units. These AA units localized in the amorphous region of EVA-AA like the AA units in vinyl alcoholacrylic acid and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer. (3) The data gathered from the melting point, d-spacing and copolymer composition showed that the crystalline region of EVA-AA was composed of VA and Et units and that the VA content of EVA-AA in the crystalline phase differed from the overall VA content of the terpolymer
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  • Kenji Yamaishi, Hiroji Kumazawa, Haruo Sanuki
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages T154-T160
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Investigation was made on wettabilities of polymer surface. In this study polyacrylonitrile (PAN), copolymer of acrylonitrile and p-styrenesulfonate (P (AN-SSS)), copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene (P (AN-St)) were adopted as samples. An attempt has been made to elucidate the influence of both the terminal group and the molecular weight of PAN, and SSS or St content of copolymer, on the wetting properties.
    Wetting properties of polymer films were estimated in terms of the surface tension (γs) of polymer which were calculated by the Extended Fowkes' Equation (1).
    (1)
    The equation was based on the following assumption; Surface tension of usual organic substances was divided into three components, which were dispersion forces (non-polar γa), interaction forces of polar characters (γb), and hydrogen bonding forces (γc). Substituting the values of contact angle (θ) which were measured with various liquids, and the values of these liquids' surface tension (γL) into Eq. (1), calculation was able to be made on γs.
    The results were as follows:
    (1) Wettability of film surface of PAN was not affected at all by the difference of molecular weight or difference of terminal group which was changed with a kind of catalyst. γs value of PAN was 55.4 dyne/cm.
    (2) In regard to P (AN-SSS), γs value of polymer increased in proportion to the SSS content. This increasing behaviour was observed clearly in the region of 4 mole % content of SSS. SSS 9.3 mole % content polymer gave a surface which had highly wettability.
    (3) In regard to P (AN-St), γs value of polymer decreased with St content increase. The effect of St on copolymer's γs value showed itself at the lower region of St content than with the case of SSS. This was caused because St component of copolymer was localized upon surface region.
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  • Chizuki Yatome, Yoshimi Takase
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages T161-T165
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The densities of aqueous solutions of aromatic quaternary ammonium salts have been measured at 6°, 15°, 25°, 35° and 45°C. The infinite dilution molal expansibility _??_, has been calculated from the partial molal volume _??_, at various temperatures. The ∂_??_/∂t values are found to be positive for all of the salts. The ∂2_??_/∂t2 values are found to be zero for all of the salts except TMPA+ with the negative one. This negative value suggests that the TMPA+ is a structure breaker.
    The experimental Sv values for all of the salts do not agree with that predicted by the Debye-Hückel theory. This deviation of Sv is interpreted by the influence of the salts on the water structure on the basis of the correlation with the water proton chemical shifts of the salt solutions.
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  • Fukashi Shimizu, Kyohei Jyoko, Ikuzo Sakaguchi, Toshiro Iijima
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages T166-T171
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Adsorption of Cu(II) on the silk fibroin fibers was investigated in terms of the initial adsorption rate, the equilibrium state and the adsorption of Cu(II) on the silk fibroin fibers modified with acetic anhydride or dehydrate methanol. The following results were obtained:
    1) The initial adsorption rates were somewhat different by external anions. The order of the adsorption rates were The variation of the initial adsorption rates with the Cu(II) concentrations was obtained a straight line and its line was drawn through the origin at 80°C treatment. Consequently, the diffusion of the Cu(II) into fiber become rate determing stage. But a little. surface adsorption was recognized at 40°C treatment.
    2) The apparent activation energy of diffusion of initial adsorption was obtained the values of 5_??_7 Kcal/mol.
    3) Adsorption isotherms were shown Langmuir type. From our examined results, it was suggested that the adsorption sites of the Cu(II) were the carboxyl end groups of the silk fibroin fiber in pH 3.75, but their sites was both the carboxyl and amino end groups of its fiber in pH 4.53
    4) The combine ratio between the silk fibroin fiber's end groups and the Cu(II) was recognized NH22 I Cu(II) and COOH 1:1 Cu(II) in pH 4.53 from the results of Cu(II) adsorption on the modified silk fibroin fibers.
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  • Tomiji Wakida, Toru Takagishi, Akira Katayama, Nobuhiko Kuroki
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages T172-T177
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Nylon 6 fiber was pretreated with butanol/water solutions of various compositions. The dyeing behaviors of the fibers with 1, 4-diaminoanthraquinone in water and perchloroethylene were investigated with reference to changes in fine structure of the fibers.
    In the case of dyeing in water, the significant difference in the amount of dye absorbed between the untreated fiber and the fiber pretreated with aqueous 5% butanol solution was not observed. On the other hand, in the case of dyeing in perchloroethylene the dye uptake increased in the following order: untreated fiber<fiber pretreated with butanol<fiber pretreated with water<fiber pretreated with aqueous 2% butanol solution<fiber pretreated with aqueous 95% butanol solution<fiber pretreated with aqueous 5% butanol solution. Also in the both cases of dyeing in water and perchloroethylene the rate of dye absorbed and desorbed increased in the same order as that shown above. In addition, the relations between dyeing temperatures and dye uptakes were investigated.
    The results obtained are briefly discussed in terms of the changes in the fiber structure formed during the pretreatment with butanol/water solutions.
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  • Eiichi Kuze, Teruo Nishide
    1976 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages T178-T184
    Published: April 10, 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A fault recognition equipment of fabric applying the pattern recognition method was developed and the basic function for it were tested.
    The essential features of the equipment are composed of two parts, one is the detector to detect the reflected light from cloth or the transmitted light through it. The other is the operational circuit for sending and operating of informations from detector.
    The experimental procedures for detecting of information and fault recognition are as follows; (a) the fabric is irradiated by the incoherent light, (b) the intensity of reflected light from it and transmitted light through it are converted to electricity by photo-transistors, (c) two input voltages are compared with the each standard voltages. Furthermore, parts of input voltages which are over the standard voltages are picked out. The picked out parts are output of the circuit.
    By basic examining of the fault recognition of fabric using the equipment, the following results are obtained:
    1) Fault parts of fabric structure and of surface are also detected.
    2) On the same sample fabric, the change of scanning angle has effects upon the signal waveforms.
    3) A diameter of scanning spot must be smaller than that of warp and weft.
    4) The equipment is relatively simple because the sending and operating of information are processed by the analogue technique.
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