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Volume 41, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Kazuo Matsuda1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages T57-T62
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe twist moment and energy in twisting of a nylon 6 monofilament were measured at different temperatures. The filament was twisted as high as 80% of the breaking twist. The twisting moment and energy decreased with increasing temperature, particularly above 140°C.
The analysis of the twist moment under different rates of twisting by an Eyring theory gave 32 kcal/mol and 47 kcal/mol as the activation energy below and above 140°C respectively. In order to discuss the difference of the deformation behaviours between twisting and constant rate extension, the stress-strain relation in extension was also measured. Although the stress decreased with increasing temperature, the temperature dependence was less in extension than in twisting.
The difference was also remarkable in the energy recovery ratio, i.e. the ratio decreased slightly above 140°C in twisting, while it increased monotonously in the constant rate extension.
A composite master curve was obtained from the relaxation curves of twist moment at different temperatures. The shift factor was described by an Arrhenius relation, with a deflection point at 140°C. The activation energies from the relaxation data were very close to these from Eyring analysis.
The thermal expansion of the crystal was measured by wide angle x-ray diffraction with the result that the expansion coefficient of the c* spacing increases above 140°C. The result indicates that the change in the deformation behaviours observed both in twisting and extension at about 140°C is attributed to the plastic deformability of crystals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1097K) -
KATSUMI YOSHINO1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages P59-P66
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Toshio Kitao, Masahiro Kimura, Yasuyuki Nakanishi, Yoshiharu Kimura, I ...1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages T63-T68
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe deformation of a viscous liquid polybutadiene (LPB) drop in an electrostatic field was studied. Three types of electrodes, i.e., a thin plate, a single-needle, and a twin-needle electrodes, were employed in connection with a stabilized high voltage DC source. A PTFE-coated aluminum plate (a counter-electrode) was horizontally settled and connected to the above-mentioned electrode via the high voltage source. A drop of LPB was allowed to stand on the PTFE surface of the counter-electrode and one of the three electrodes was placed above the drop. The LPB drop was deformed responding to the magnitude of the electrostatic field and the deformation manner directly reflected the electrode employed. When the drop was placed between a couple of plate electrodes, it merely behaved as an insulator in a capacitor. The use of the single-needle electrode caused a deformation to doughnut-shaped drop. The most complicated deformation behavior was observed for the twin-needle electrode system: If a gap between the needles, d, was longer than the initial diameter of the drop, W0, the drop expanded in the direction perpendicular to the needleto-needle direction. If d was shorter than W0, however, the expansion was more significant in the needle-to-needle direction than in its perpendicular direction. It is concluded that the coulombic forces, which act between charges stored or induced on the drop surface and the PTFE substrate, resulted in the deformation of the LPB drop.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
MEIJI ANAHARA1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages P67-P72
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Namiko Miyata, Isao Sakata1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages T69-T77
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto cellulose was attempted in non-swelling (CH3OH:C6H6=1:2, 18% swelling) or swelling (H2O:CH3OH=4:1, 120% swelling) solvent. Some properties and fine structures of the resulting MMA grafted cellulose were investigated and the following results were obtained.
1) The value of the wet or dry strength (tensile-, burst-strength and folding endurance) of the cellulose papers MMA-grafted in non-swelling solvent was higher than that of those MMA-grafted in swelling solvent.
2) The hygroscopicity of the cellulose papers MMA-grafted in swelling solvent was higher than that of those grafted in non-swelling solvent.
3) The value of the wet or dry strength and hygroscopicity of the cellulose papers MMA-grafted in non-swelling solvent having a smaller number of branches of high molecular weight were higher than those of the MMA-grafted cellulose papers having a larger number of branches of low molecular weight.
4) The layer openings of the fibrous structure of cellulose pulps occurred more often in the graft copolymerization of MMA in swelling solvent than in that in non-swelling solvent. The degree of the openings between layers appeared to increase with an increase in the degree of grafting.
5) The lowering of crystallinity of cellulose and birefrigence of the cellulose pulps MMA-grafted in swelling solvent was larger than that of the cellulose pulps MMA-grafted in non-swelling solvent.
6) It seemed that poly MMA (PMMA) grafted onto cellulose pulps in non-swelling solvent was crystalline and the crystallinity of PMMA increased with an increase in the degree of grafting, though PMMA grafted in swelling solvent was amorphous.
These results suggest that the differences of the strength and the hygroscopicity of the cellulose MMA-grafted in non-swelling or swelling solvent are due to the differences of the orientation and the crystallinity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1685K) -
TOSHIKATSU ISHIKAWA, HARUO TERANISHI1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages P73-P78
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Shinya Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Morikawa, Munenori Sakamoto1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages T78-T86
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEighteen dinitrophenyl (DNP)-amino acids could be separated by reverse phase chromatography using a 20×0.6cm column (NUCLEOSIL 5C18) developed with a stepwise gradient of acetonitrile in aqueous phosphoric acid solution of pH 2.0. DNP-leucine and DNP-isoleucine could not be separated by this method, but excessive dinitroaniline and dinitrophenol formed by side reactions did not interfere with the identification of DNP-amino acids.
N-Terminal amino acids identified for the first time in this report by the micro analytical method are methionine, leucine, lysine and tyrosine for human hair, methionine, lysine and tyrosine for wool and lysine and tyrosine for silk. The above results were supported by the field desorption mass spectra of DNP-amino acids which show only molecular ions of the component DNP-amino acids. The contents of N-terminal methionine found were 0.44μg/g for human hair and 0.28μg/g for wool. N-Terminal amino acids in human hair were also quantitated after the treatments with the permanent wave lotions and the bleach. It was concluded that alkali hydrolysis of peptide bonds and/or N-terminal acetamide bonds took place during the both treatments.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
Takuma Jinda, Toshikazu Matsuda1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages T87-T91
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoly p-phenylene-3, 4'-oxydibenzoate) (I), poly (p-phenylene-3, 4'-carbonyldibenzoate) (II) and random copolymers of I and II were prepared by melt polymerization and their thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All these polyarylates were crystalline and the melting temperatures of copolymers monotonously increased with increasing the content of II. DSC data suggested that these copolymers were isomorphous. The polymer-II and the copolymers containing more than 50 mole% II component were found to form optically anisotropic melts. The melt-spun and hot-drawn polymer-I and the as-spun polymer-II were heat-treated under vacuum for several hours in order to improve the mechanical properties of fibers. The following tensile properties were observed for the fiber from the polymer-I; tenacity (T)=9.7g/d, elongation(E)=2.7% and initial modulus (Mi)=364g/d, and for the polymer-II; T=10.6g/d, E=1.6% and Mi=671g/d, respectively. Fiber identity periods of polymers I and II and copolymer I/II (30/70) were estimated to be ca. 17.1Å from X-ray diffraction data. This indicated that the molecular chain fully extended along the fiber axis.View full abstractDownload PDF (809K) -
Fumiko Ogasawara, Kenji Yamaishi1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages T92-T95
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the wettability of polymer surface, the surface tension of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P-4-VP) and its derivative was obtained by Zisman's plot and extended Fowkes equation. The values of surface tension of modified P-4-VP were related to the structural change of the sample due to the treatment of hydrochloric acid. It was found that the values of surface tension obtained by Zisman's plot were in good accord with those calculated by extended Fowkes equation. The value of surface tension of untreated P-4-VP was high; 51-52dyn/cm, by contrast, that of the modified sample decreased to 42 to 44dyn/cm. It was notable that the molecular interaction force of polar group, among factors contributing to γs, became zero, moreover, the hydrogen bonding force decreased by the formation of pyridinium chloride. The above result was supported by the infrared spectra indicating that P-4-VP transformed to Poly(4-vinylpyridinium chloride) by the treatment with hydrochloric acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (264K) -
Kenji Kawada, Kensaku Mizoguchi1985 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages T96-T99
Published: February 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe simulation model offered previously to describe the dyeing behavior of rope fabrics, where entanglement of fabrics is assumed to generate unlevel dyeing, was modified and extended.
Entanglement may cause two kinds of unlevelness in the fabrics, namely, the unlevelness of temperature and that of liquor ratio. Although in the previous papers only the effect of temperature unlevelness was investigated, in this paper, fundamental equations were modified considering the liquor ratio change. The following results were obtained.
1) By introducing a “tightness factor”, effects of the change in liquor ratio by entanglement on a rope fabrics can be explained.
2) Degree of dyeing unlevelness is enhanced by liquor ratio change.
3) Even in the final constant-temperature stage, a small degree of unlevelness occurs due to the liquor ratio change.View full abstractDownload PDF (192K)
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