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Volume 47, Issue 10
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Yukito Masai, Tsuyoshi Kiyotsukuri1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 515-521
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolypropylenes with molecular weight 63, 000 (FB) and 108, 000 (HT) containing a thermal decomposition accelerator, 4, 4'-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-m-cresol), were melt-spun into fibers at various spinning temperatures. The drawn fiber of HT had a higher tensile strength and a higher elongation than those of the FB fiber having the same intrinsic viscosity to that of the HT fiber. The density, the birefringence and the degree of orientation by WAXS and by polarized IR of as-spun fibers of HT were much smaller than those of FB, while the differences in these values of drawn fibers between HT and FB were not large enough to explain the above differences in the tensile strength and elongation. As-spun fibers and drawn fibers of FB had a strong peak in the SAXS intensity curve, and drawn fibers of FB also had multiple melting peaks in the DSC curve. Drawn fibers of FB gave the higher _??_w/_??_n value, suggesting the existence of large molecular chains which may relates to the higher entanglement of chains. It is supposed that drawn fibers of HT have smaller entangled chains due to the severe thermal decomposition during melt spinning process, which makes drawn fibers more stretchable, thus leading to the higher tensile strength and higher elongation.View full abstractDownload PDF (459K) -
Eiko Nakayama, Yasuyo Mori, Natsuko Kohara, Harukazu Toyoda1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 522-527
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA water soluble polysaccharide, pullulan was cyanoethylated using acrylonitrile in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The reaction conditions which gave the highest DS of 2.7 were the following: sodium hydroxide concentration, 6%; reaction temperature, 60°C and reaction time, 120min. If the reaction conditions were severer than the above conditions, i.e., higher sodium hydroxide concentration, higher reaction temperature and/or longer reaction time, either the elmination of cyanoethyl group or the formation of acrylonitrile homopolymer was observed. The relatively low DS of 2.7 may be interpreted based on the fact that in pullulan molecules the reactive primary hydroxyl groups at C-6 take part in the backbone linkages. Another possible reason would be the influence of their higher ordered structure and also conceivable steric hindrance. The cyanoethylated pullulan dissolved completely in DMSO, and dissolved almost in DMF and dichloromethane, but the solution in the latter solvent was significantly colored. Thermal decomposition temperatures were remarkably affected by the DS: 227.0°C for DS 1.99 and 262.8°C for DS 2.72. The higher DS resulted in the higher thermal decomposition temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
Naoki Harada, Hiroyuki Tanimura, Hiroshi Urakawa, Kanji Kajiwara, Tais ...1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 528-536
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDyeing behavior of C. I. Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) on cellulose and its aggregation properties in aqueous solutions were investigated. The results suggested that the dyeing behavior of RB19 on cotton in aqueous alkaline solutions was closely related to the dye aggregation which was influenced by the addition of salt and by the dyeing temperature. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study showed that, at a temperature of 20°C without addition of salt, the aggregation began to occur at a concentration as low as 3×10-5mol/L and fairly stable hexamer of RB19 was formed in the concentration range between 3.97×10-3and 9.52×10-2mol/L. At 70°C, the number of RB19 constituting the aggregate decreased to 3.2, while it increased up to 19 at 20°C by the addition of NaCl at a concentration of 0.3mol/L. The amount of dye fixed on cotton as well as the dye partition index (proposed in the previous paper) as a function of salt concentration and dyeing temperature were found in good consistence with the results found by SAXS. The dimension and the shape of the hexamer determined by SAXS were explainable by a model simulated by molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics. In the latter, the structure of environmental water was taken into consideration.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K) -
Masaru Mitsuishi, Humiaki Kikuchi, Kazuhiro Yonezawa, Sadao Nakano, Mi ...1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 537-543
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of cationic charge separation on the dye aggregation of Methyl Orange (MO) and Ethyl Orange (EO) bound to polyionic amine (ionene) was studied. The unit structure of x-y ionene was [Br-(CH3)2N+(CH2)xN+(CH3)2(CH2)yBr-]. The x-y values of seven ionenes used were 3-3, 3-4, 3-6, 3-8, 3-12, 6-6, and 6-12. The spectrum of the dye bound to ionene was determined by taking diffrence in absorbances between dye solutions inside and outside of the cellophane tube used for equilibrium dialysis procedure. Since the spectra of MO bound to 3-3, 3-8, 3-12, and 6-12 ionenes revealed distinct peak at about 375nm, the dye was supposed to be card-packed like stacking on those ionenes. Since spectrum of MO bound to 6-6 ionene had a broad band centered at 460nm, the dye was suggested to be monomeric. MO on 3-6 and 3-4 ionenes revealed characteristic spectrum for binary mixture of monomeric and stacked MO. The feature of EO spectrum was slightly different from that of MO. The third distinct band at the lowest wavelength was found at about 360nm in the spectra of EO bound to 3-12 ionene. This peak was considered to be due to higher aggregation on 3-12 ionene. The schematic representation of aggregation of MO molecules bound to the surfaces of some ionenes was given.View full abstractDownload PDF (536K) -
Kazuo Yagami, Kayo Yoshida, Hideto Shosenji, Kimiho Yamada1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 544-548
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotofading of acid azo dyes, C. I. Mordant Black 17 (RC), C. I. Acid Red 18 (3R) and C. I. Acid Red 88 (RO), on wool was investigated in the presence of a stilbene-type fluorescent brightening agent, C. I. FBA 90 (FBS), by irradiating with a low pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp and a xenon lamp equipped with a Pyrex filter (lamp A, B and C, respectively), and the effect of the addition of nickel sulfate was examined. RC formed a nickel complex as revealed by the shift of the absorption maximum of the reflection spectrum of the dyed wool. FBS depressed the fading of 3R and RO on irradiation with the lamp A, while it sensitized the fading of RC on irradiation with the lamp B. The nickel salt depressed the fading of the dyes and the degree of depression was in the order RC>3R, RO. The degradation of FBS was depressed by the dyes. The effect was in the order RO>3R_??_RC.View full abstractDownload PDF (330K) -
MERINO AND LINCOLNKyohei Joko, Joichi Koga1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages 549-556
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of the histological and morphogical differences betweens Merino and Lincoln wools on the dyeing behavior was investigated with reference to the equilibrium dye adsorption and the rate of dyeing using C. I. Acid Orange 7 and Red 73 at pH 4.3. Similar absorption isotherms for Orange 7 were obtained for both intact Merino and Lincoln wools, whereas when these fibers were structurally modified by extension and supercontraction, the equilibrium dye adsorption was much higher for Lincoln wool than for Merino wool. This difference was considered to be due to the morphological difference between the wools rather than to the slight dissimilarity in the constituent proteins. The apparent diffusion parameter for Red 73 in Lincoln wools was larger than that in Merino wools of equivalent average diameter in both the intact fiber type and the modified fiber type, and the activation energy for the dye diffusion in Merino wool was different from that in Lincoln wool. These differences in the diffusion parameter and the activation energy were considered to be predominantly due to the difference in the internal structure of the wools studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (1270K) -
ROBERT A. BARNHARDT1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages P549-P555
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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SUSUMU KASE1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages P557-P563
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YASUHIRO MURASE1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages P564-P569
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TAKASHI TSURUMI1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages P570-P581
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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EIICHI KUBO1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages P582-P588
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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JUNYOU NAKAGAWA1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages P589-P594
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HIROSHI YASUDA, KAORU BAN, YASUO OHTA1991 Volume 47 Issue 10 Pages P595-P601
Published: October 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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