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Successor
Volume 20, Issue 11
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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(7) EFFECTS OF LOAD DEPENDENCE ON THE LONGITUDIAL CHANGE FOR SUCCESSIVE HEATING AND COOLING UNDER A CONSTANT RATEIsamu Kuriyama, Kazuo Tomiita, Kan Shirakashi1964 Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 695-704
Published: November 10, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of load on the longitudial change during successive heating and cooling under a constant rate (room temperature_??_200°C) for drawn P. E. T. fibers were investigated, and the mechanism of the longitudial changes at the range of temperature were discussed. The differential thermal analysis (D. T. A. ) was also used to detect the successive thermal changes on the heating process. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The maximum shrinkage of various stretched P. E. T. fibers on heating process becomes smaller with increased load given, and there are a linear relation between the maximum shrinkage and the suspended load. The maximum shrinkage of the intermediate oriented fibers shows the largest of the various stretched P. E. T. fibers. The slopes of shrinnkage_??_load line may be structural factor dependent on the distribution of a latent nucleus and aggregated states in the amorphogs region. And there is a point of structural transformation at a draw ratio of 2.0 on the relation between draw ratio and maximum shrinkage where load is zero. In addition, the phypical meaning of the maximum shrinkage is interpreted by the elemental model (see Fig. 6).
(2) The anomalous extension may be almost expressed by summing up the extension caused by the thermal creep and the spontaneous elongation for crystallization, and there are a linear relation between the logarithmic extension and load. The slopes of these lines become larger with increased energies of the cold-crystallization. The spontaneous elongation may be interpreted as the contribution of the rotative orientation of crystallite towards fiber axis. This elongation of the higher stretched fibers is larger than that of the lower stretched.
(3) The slow extension of the intermediate oriented fibers is the largest of various stretched P. E. T. fibers. This phenomenon may be explained by considering the contribution of the rotative orientation of (100) plane towards fiber axis due to the development of crystal.
(4) The apparent linear expansion coefficient of the intermediate oriented fibers becomes the largest of various stretched P. E. T. fibers. And the effects of the heated condition on the lattice constants of a and b are found that the apparent expansion coefficient of the lattice constant, γa for a-axis oriented fibers may be larger than γb but above mentioned relation between γa and γb may be reversed for fiber-like oriented ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
(1) DEPENDENCE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SWELLING AGENT FOR DIMENSIONAL CHENGES AT A CONSTANT TEMPERATUREIsamu Kuriyama, Kazuo Tomiita, Kan Shirakashi1964 Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 705-710
Published: November 10, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the effects of the concentration of swelling agent and temperature of the immersed bath on the structural stability of the drawn P. E. T. fibers in water with the different oriented properties of their crystallite, the swelling behaviors of thess fibers in the phenol aqueous solution of various concentration are discussed. Changes of their molecular orientation after swelling for 3 hours were observed by the birefringence. The results obtained are as follows:
1) The lower stretched and non-heated P. E. T. fibers (70°C) show a slight shrinkage in dilute phenol aqueous solution at 40°C and smaller elongation in the concentrated solution. The intermediately stretched fibers show smaller elongation in the dilute solution, and these swelling elongation become larger with increased concentration of the phenol aqueous solution. The fiber of draw ratio 2.0 is apt to elongate most. The higher stretched fibers with fiber-like orientation slightly shrink in the concentrated phenol aqueous solution due to the entropical contraction. These heated fibers show a smaller elongation compared with the non-heated, and the fine structure in the amorphous region of these fibers may be stabilized.
2) The swelling behaviors for the stretched fibers at 60°C become almost similar that of the stretched fibers at 70°C with various oriented properties. The stretched fibers at 80°C show same swelling behavior as that of the lower stretched at 70°C. And the stretched fibers at 90°C have swelling behaviors to superpose behaviors of the lower stretched one at 70°C on that of the higher stretched.
3) Generally, swelling elongation is smaller with rising temperature of the phenol aqueous solution.
4) The change of birefringence for the higher stretched (70°C) and non-heated fibers after swelling for 3 hours in the phenol aqueous solution of the various concentrations at 40°C give remarkable oriented effects due to the acceleration of crystallization and swelling elongation. The changes of birefringence for the lower stretched (70°C) and non-heated fibers give only a slight effects and all stretched fibers of the non-heated have positive birefringence. As the structural damage due to the swelling for the higher stretched and heated fibers with fiber-like orientation may be reached down to the higher oriented region. The values of birefringence becomes smaller as compared with non-swollen and heated fibers. The dependence on the concentration of the swelling agent is slightly. The changes of birefringence for the lower stretched and heated fibers do not show so remarkablely as the higher stretched f_??_ibers do, and these fibers have negative birefringence.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
(III.) DISORIENTATION OF CELLULOSE BY GRAFT POLYMERIZATIONHiroshi Maeda, Takahiro Tsuneda, Satoru Obuchi, Ikunosuke Yoshitake1964 Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 711-714
Published: November 10, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrevious works in this series3), 4) have shown the lowering in the order of cellulose by graft polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) onto rayon filament. The present investigation was undertaken to clarify whether the orientation of cellulose is changed by graft polymerization of MA onto rayon filament.
Samples used in this work were prepared by the same method as that presented in the previous papers3), 4). Samples grafted under swollen state are designated A-sample and those under unswollen state as B-sample respectively. Results obtained are as followings:
(1) It is expected that the area of the cross section of grafted filament increase linearly with the amount of polymer grafted, but the observed area is larger than the expected in the region of high content of grafted polymer. Those results suggest the disorientation of the cellulose chains by grafting.
(2) X-ray counter curve along the diffraction ring is flattend by grafting.
(3) The dichroic ratio of the filament decreases by grafting. The difference between A and B samples in dichroism is not recognized. Then the decrease in the modulus by grafting is attributed not only to the disordering of structure, but also to the disorientation. The difference between modulus of A and B-samples previously reported4) arise from the difference in the order of cellulose, because the degree of disorientation by grafting indicates no difference between A and B-samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (260K) -
(X) SPECTROMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS ON THE INTERACTIONS OF DISECT DYES WITH SODIUM LAURYL SULFATEMasaru Mitsuishi1964 Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 715-720
Published: November 10, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the interactions of sodium lauryl sufate (SLS) with direct dyes, Benzopurpurine 4B (C. I. Direct Red 2), Chrysophenine G (C. I. Direct Yellow 12) and Direct Sky Blue 6B (C. I. Direct Blue 1) in aqueous solution are considered from absorption spectra of dye solution in presence of SLS and examination on dye adsorption by cellophane.
The shifts of absorption spectra of Benzopurpurine and Chrysophenine solution in presence of SLS are respectively considered to be due to the formation of complex from dye and SLS, but the shifts of absorption spectra of Sky Blue in presence of SLS appear to be due to the association of dye molecules by the salt effect of SLS.
In the direct dyeing of cellophane in dyebaths containing 2.0×10-2mol NaCl and variable amounts of SLS, the adsorbed amount of Benzopurpurine and Chrysophenine on cellophane decreases in proportion to the amount of SLS increased, due to the formation of comlex from dye and SLS, in dyebath but that of Sky Blue increases by increasing SLS, due to salt effect of SLS.
From the above examination, the following conclusion may be drawn; as SLS is sodium salt of sulfated alcohol, it has both properties of surface active agent and electrolyte in aqueous solution. Then, Benzopurpurine and Chrysophenine form comlex respectively with SLS as surface active agent in aqueous solution, but in Sky Blue solution SLS appeares to behave only as electrolyte.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
(XI) ON THE CONDUCTIVITIES OF DIRECT DYES IN PRESENCE OF SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS AND SODIUM CHLORIDEMasaru Mitsuishi, Gensaku Aida, Eiko Kosuge1964 Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 720-724,715
Published: November 10, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, apparent equivalent conductivities of Benzopurpurine 4B (C. I. Direct Red 2) and Direct Sky Blue 6B (C. I. Direct Blue 1) in presence of nonionic surface active agent (polyethylene glycol cetyl ether), anionic surface active agent (sodium lauryl sulfate), and sodium chloride are obtained respectively.
Apparent equivalent conductivities (Λa) are calculated from the following equation; where, KM is specific conductivity of dye solution in presence of surface active agent or sodium chloride, and KN the specific conductivity of surface active agent or sodium chloride solution in which dye is not contained, C the equivalent concentration of dye, Λa the same value as equivalent conductivity of dye in pure water where no dye interacts with surface active agent or sodium chloride.
As McBain effects are observed in equivalent conductivity_??_√c graphs of both Benzopurpurine and Sky Blue solutions, it is considered that dye ionic micells are formed in dye solutions.
The values of Λa of Benzopurpurine and Sky Blue are found to decrease in presence of PEG-cetyl ether as apparent concentration of dye decreases due to formation of complex with PEG-cetyl ether.
And, the values of Λa of Benzopurpurine and Sky Blue are found to decrease in presence of sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium chloride.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
(XII) ON THE INTERACTIONS OF ACID DYES WITH NONIONIC SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS, AND THE EFFECTS OF ITS AGENTS ON THE DYEING PROPERTIESMasaru Mitsuishi, Gensaku Aida, Eiko Kosuge1964 Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 724-730,716
Published: November 10, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the absorption spectrum of a mixture of Orange II (C. I. Acid Orange 7) and Alizarine Saphirol SE (C. I. Acid Blue 43) in aqueous solution at room temperature is not the same as the sum of its constituents, the complexes of Orange II and Alizarine Saphirol are supposed to be formed in solution. But the additivities are found in the absorption spectra of a mixture of Metanii Yellow (C. I. Acid Yellow 36) and Alizarine Saphirol, and of a mixture of Metanil Yellow and Orange II.
The acid dyes are found to form complexes with polyethylene glycol cetyl ether which contains 20 ethyleneoxy units in aqueous solution. The equilibrium constant of interaction of dye acid and with PEG-cetyl ether, and the values of degree of dissociation of complexes are determited spectrometrically.
In the dyeing of nylon-6 with single dye acid or a binary mixture of dye acids, the effects of PEG-ether on the adsorption of dye acids on nylon-6 are considered from the point of the stabilities of complexes of acid dyes and PEG-cetyl ether.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
(XIII) ONE SUGGESTION ON X OF α-CH…X-DYE TYPE HYDROGEN BONDING IN DISPERSE DYEINGYoshio Suda, Hideo Uzigawa1964 Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 731-737
Published: November 10, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was previously reported by us, 1)-4) that α-CH…X-dye type hydrogen bonding plays an important role in the interaction between disperse dyes and ester type fibres.
In order to obtain some suggestion on X in this bonding, the interaction between aromatic amines and esters are discussed in this paper, using paperchromatography, and noted as follows:
1) In NH2 series, there is a linear correlation between change of free energy (-ΔF) and σ value of substituent S with one exception, and the slope is positive.
It is concluded that amines in this series act as proton donor.
2) The difference of (-ΔF) between NH2 series-amine and N (CH3)2 series-amine with same substituent increases as σ value increases, and its slope is larger than the slope in 1).
It is concluded that amines in N (CH3)2 series act as proton acceptor.
3) From the result 1), 2), it is suggested that amino group NR1R2 has an ability to act as donor and/or acceptor, depending on the nature of R1 and R2 etc.
4) In the previous paper, it was shown that the existence of α-CH…X-dye type hydrogen bonding is not concerned with the state of amino group. Comparing this fact with the result 3, it is suggested that X is a carbonyl group in the dye.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
(II) STUDY ON AFFINITIES OF DISPERSE DYESYoshikazu Igarashi, Akifumi Nasuno1964 Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 738-742
Published: November 10, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, it was pointed out that in general, the disperse dye model having the higher electron polarisability showed the higher aff_??_inity on formalized vinylon and acetate rayon. In this work, phenol, p-dimethylaminoazobenzene and 4-benzene-azo-1-naphthol are used as disperse dye models, and the affinities of disperse dyes on formalized vinylon and acetate rayon were discussed.
It is found that either the increase in logarithm of the electron polarisability of dye model or the decrease in logarithm of the solubility of the model in water results in the linear increase in logarithm of its partition coefficient between fiber and water, and additionaly that these results are essentially consistent with C. L. Bird and P. Harris' report for dyeing of acetate rayon with disperse dyes.
From those results, it may be thought that the interaction between the disperse dye and the fiber by London's disperse forces acts as principal factor for affinity of the dye on either formalized vinylon or acetate rayon.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K)
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