Little loss of α-cellulose is observed when pulp is mercerized, and the amonut of regenerated cel-lulose from alkali cellulose does not change before or after aging, α-cellulose content in alkali cellulose after aging, therefore, may be given by 100K/(1+kβ₀/α₀). Here α₀ and β₀ are α-and β-cellulose contents in the original pulp, respectively. K shows the resistant portion of α-cellulose in the original pulp to the oxidation during alkaline aging, k shows the remained proportion of β-cellulose in the original pulp after mercerization. So kβ₀ means the amount of β-cellulose left after the mercerization. Though α-cellulose content in the refined pulp greatly changes according to the conditions of refining, little difference of α-cellulose content can be seen in the case of regenerated cellulose after aging. K is almost constant even if the purity of pulp (α-cellulose content) is changed, in other words, percentage of the resistant portion of α-cellulose to the oxidation during aging is not changed by conditions of purifing the pulp.

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To know the effects of introducing Cr ion on the quality of tetoron, the change of strength and elongation of Cr treated fiber, and their absorbabilty of dyestuff were measured.
Ig. of tetoron was treated in 40ml of the aqueous solution containing 0.6g of K₂Cr₂O₇ and 0.98g of H₂SO₄ at 125°C for different periods of time. The drop of the strength of the treated tetoron was found to be 3%, while that of elongation was 14% in comparison with those of untreated fiber.
The absorbability of dyestuff, Sunchromine Pure Blue B extra, by Cr treated Tetoron seems to be proportional to the Cr concentration of Tetoron fiber.
These experiments show that introduction of Cr ion to Tetoron may bring about the improvement in dyeing without causing heavy destruction.

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1) It wasa found that phospho-tungstic acid (Wo), a reagent for the estimation of-SH groups, could be used as a colour reagent in the paper chromatography for mercapto or disulphide compounds.
This reagent causes remarkable colourations on the paperchromatogram in the presence of-SH groups, and also by spraying sodium sulphite solution (Na₂ SO₃) followeing the Wo-spraying in the presence of -S-S- bonds.
This method is profitable for ease of treatment and in sensitivity compared with the nitroprusside-cyanide method. When ninhydrin is used together on the same paper, this must be sprayed after Wo or Wo-Na₂ SO₃ spraying, otherwise the quantities to be detected of-SH groups or -S-S- bonds decrease in order to react between -SH groups and ninhydrin. In the presence of compound with -SH groups, the mixture of n-butanol, acetic acid and water for the developing solution brings the clear spots on the chromatogram than phenol solution does.
2) Based on the above results, reactions between-SH groups and -S-S- bonds were further studied. Mixed disulphide (CY-S-S-TG) was, even without being oxidized by iodine, detected from the mixed solution of cysteine (CY-SH) and thioglycollic acid (TG-SH) which was kept at comparatively higher pH. In the same way, this compound was detected from the mixed solution of cystine (CY-S.) with TC-SH, and of CY SY. with dithiodiglicollic acid (TG-S-S-TG) respectively except at very low pH.
The preciser result was obtained by means of combining those mixtures with dinitroflorobenzen, known as-SH blocking agent.
Neither TG-SH nor TG-S-S-TGspot was detected when TG-SH solution was mixed with diazonium salt of sulphanilic acid. Two Wo-possitive spots which have lower Rf's than that of TG-SH were recognized in addition to TG-S-S-TG when TG-SH solution was mixed with sodium nitrite on acidic side.
This method could also be applied to find sulphur compounds in the hydrolyzates of wool.

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The hygroscopicity of surfactants, that of raw silk which had been treated with the solution of surfactants, and the stiffness of the treated raw silk were tested.
1) In the case of nonionic surfactants (polyethylenglycol octylphenol ethers), the hygroscopicity was gradually increased, and the adsorption tendency to raw silk was gradually decreased as the degree of polymerization of ethylenglycols increased.
2) The hygroscopicity of a cationic surfactant and the adsorption tendency to raw silk were very large, but the raw silk which had been treated with that solution had small hygroscopicity, and the rigidity of the treated raw silk was decreased to some extent.
3) Not only the humidity in raw silk, but also the molecules of surfactants themselves can be regarded to have the softening action for raw silk.

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The two elastica methods (long column and loop) to measure the flexural rigidity of the fiber and yarn are devised.
In the long column method, a sample of length l is standed perpendicularly and a load larger than its critical one of the buckling is applied to the top (free) end. In measuring the vertical deflection x_α ie the interval between a horizontal line and loaded end is measured experimentaly, the flexural rigidity is obtained by the folloing equation:
Where; F(α, k) denominator of perfect elliptical integration of the 1st kind, k=sinα/2 where α is tangent of loaded end of the distorted sample, this α is obtained by the graph (Fig. 3) indicating the relations between x_α/l-k-F(α, k). When the sample's own weight is negligible small, this formula is available to the cantilever method loaded at its free end. In this case, it is convenient to obtain α using a graph of y_α/l-k (Fig. 2), where y_α is the vertical deflection from its initial coordinate and Pcos α sin α is used replaing P. These long column method is applicable only for large deniers of above 20 denier and yields incorrect results at lower deniers.
The loop method is a development from the above method, applicable to more fine filaments. This principle is reported by D. Sinclare in 1950 (ref. cited No.10). As shown in Fig. 4 & 5, looped sample is extended verticaley between torsion balance and cathetometer. If the height a from the vertical line between two clamped ends where distance is large enough to neglect the end moment, and loop apex, and tension T are measured experimentally, EI is obtained from the equation:
It is more convenient to make fiber into a bundle to measure finer samples.
In order to measure EI of the fiber bundle, stable ply twist yarn is used, when twisted yarn composed of m filaments is folded, expected stable ply is obtained (Fig. 7). In this case, there are relations denoted in eqs. 1-3 between apparent flexural rigidity of twisted sample B_n and EI of a filament, especialy when the twisted angle with fiber axis (π/2-θ) is very small, i.e. θ=90,
The results of EI of a filament from this method is larger than that from the other single yarn method, its value increases as θ is increased.

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Twisting property of vinyle tape is studied.
1) A vinyle tape of the same sample may be twisted smoothly when the ratio (d/a) of length (d) to breadth (a) of the tape is 7_??_4 regardless of breadth of the filn, though thickness of the film makes some differences.
2) a/b (wherea is breadth of the tape, b thickness and d length) is proved to be less related with twisting property than d/a is, but if the breadth of the tape is same, thinner the tape is, the easier it is to be twisted.
3) The effect of twisting tension on strength of a twisted vinyle tape is less significant than on strength of a twisted paper yarn, but then the ratio of elongation of twisted vinyle tape to paper yarn is promoted instead.
4) In case of a wider tape, strength of vinyle tape decreases by twisting, and then increases again by more twisting.
5) Since a vinyle tape is softer, though it is quite flat in comparison with a cellophane tape, the effect of twist on a vinyle tape is much more significant.

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“Habutae” fabric and silk bolting cloth were treated with organic silicon resin and the 1) amount of resin adhered 2) transmission degree of humidity 3) air permeability 4) water-proof 5) crease recovery were ascertained with the following results:
1. Less resin is adhered to the “Habutae” fabrics woven with the raw silk of greater size deviation than those of smaller size deviation.
2. The amount of adhered resin differs according to the type of formation or degree of density of fabrics. But in the case of the some fabric, if the number of treatment increases, so dose the adhered resin.
3. When treated with resin, a higher transmission degree of humidity is shown compared with the non-treated case.
4. The air permeability decreases as the amount of adhered resin increases.
5. The degree of water-proof improves in proportion as the adhered resin increases.
6. The ability for crease recovery increases in proportion as the amount of adhered resin increases.

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Drawn nylon-6 fibres are usually subjected to various tensions at preparation stage for processes of weaving or knitting and before dyeing, these knit or woven goods undergo the operations of dry heat or steam setting to give dimensional stability and crease resistance. In these processes, it is thought that uneven tensions given to each fibre which is composed of these goods may cause such irregular dyeing as streaks.
In order to investigate correlation between tension and dyeability, we prepared nylon-6 filaments either stress-relaxed under various tensions or heat-treated after stress-relaxation. Molecular orientations of these samples were measured from x-ray diffraction, birefringence, and dyestuff-dichroism.
From these results the following conclusions are reached:
(1) Molecular orientation of nylon-6 fibres subjected to stress-relaxation and dry heat setting after stress-relaxation increased with increasing tension, especially in the latter.
(2) Specific gravity is not affected by tension, but by heat setting.
(3) Tensions give a little effect on the dyeability of nylon-6 fibres, only on the stress-relaxed, but much effect on that of the heatset fibres, especially strikingly by tension below 0.5g/d.
(4) The greater the molecular weight of dyestuff used, the more the effect becomes.

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The leuco potential of eight sulfur dyes and the reduction potential of reducing agents were exa-mined in various conditions in terms of -E_c (mV) that is the value of platinum electrode to calomel electrode.
The following main results were obtained-
a) The reduction power under dyeing condition decreases in the following order. Thiourea dioxide>sodium hydrosulfite>alkali metal sulfide. The stability of alkali metal sulfide are larger than the value of thiourea dioxide or sodium hydrosulfite.
b) It was found that the leuco potential of sulfur dyes derived by thionation with polysulfide of the indophenoles is lower than the values of dyes derived by sulfur melting.
c) The control of dyebath is possible with attention on pH and temperature as in the case of vat dyestuff.

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The various dyeing properties of the new reactive dyes, Diact Color C type, have been investigated. The dyes are derived by introducing CON₃ groups in order to give the properties as the reactive dye for cellulose fibers, The results of this experiment are summarized as follows—
a) The standard affinity of these dyes for cotton and viscose rayon at 30°C are -1.9_??_-4. lkcal/mol and -1.6_??_-3.3kcal/mol, respectively. The affinity of coloring matter decomposed in alkaline solution (Na₂CO₃) is smaller, while in acidic solution larger than the value of the original dyes.
b) The absorption spectra in the vissible region indicate that the wave length value of absorption maxima of acidic decomposed colloring matter are shifted to long wave length from the respective values of Diact Color, and the coloring matter decomposed in aqueous NaHCO₃ solution is a mixture of acidic and alkaline (Na₂CO₃) decomposition products.
c) The rate of reaction (recognized to be 1st order) of Diact Color in water is slow in acidic solution, but fast in alkaline solution, the reaction being accelerated by increasing the temperature.
d) The values of diffusion coefficient at 30°C with 5g/l NaCl are 0.13_??_0.21cm²/day, smaller than the values of acid dyes and larger than direct dyes.
e) The rate of batchwise dyeing and the fastness of dyeings are similar to Procion Dye (cold type). In the case of Diact Color, however, the color of dyeings are changed appreciablly by severe washing with Na₂CO₃.

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