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Volume 29, Issue 12
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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TAKASHI TAGAWAW, TAKESHI KONDO1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages P433-P442
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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AKIO MATSUMOTO1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages P443-P447
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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AKIRA TSUBOTA, MASANORI SAKA1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages P448-P451
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Takahiro Watanabe, Kazuyoshi Onishi, Toshisada Takahashi, Ishio Tsujim ...1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages T515-T523
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDrawn nylon 6, previously heat-treated at 160°C in air, was annealed in benzyl alcohol, water and silicon oil at various temperature between 0°C and 120°C, and the fine structure was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, density-gradient tube, and thermal analysis.
The following results were obtained.
1. Crystallinity of drawn nylon 6 showed a remakable increase by annealing in benzyl alcohol above 40°C, but hardly changed in water and silicon oil (up to 100°C). Decrease in crystallinity, due to a partial melting, observed in the initial stage of annealing.
2. The orientation factor of b- and c-axis decreased in benzyl alcohol when annealing temperature was raised above 80°C, but that of a-axis was not appreciably affected by up to 120°C.
The orientation factor of amorphous chain decreased remarkably above 20°C.
3. The smectic structure of undrawn nylon 6 was transformed to α-form by annealing in benzyl alcohol, and stable (200) plane was formed even at such a low temperature as 20°C. For drawn sample, on the other hand, stable (200) plane was only formed above 100°C in the same solvent. The results suggests that rearrangement of the (200) plane of drawn nylon 6 becomes difficult by the drawing, due to the formation hydrogen bonds between adjacent (200) planes.
4. Circular microvoids of 44_??_48A diameter were generated in drawn nylon 6 when annealed in benzyl
alcohol at above 100°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1804K) -
SIMULATION OF DIFFUSION PHENOMENA WHEN FIBER RADIUS AND DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT CHANGE SIMULTANEOUSLYKoji Terada1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages T524-T531
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiffusion of solvent and coagulant in the fiber during coagulation process was simulated, taking the change of fiber radius and diffusion coefficient into account.
Changes of fiber radius and diffusion coefficient were found to follow the next equations by experimental results for model filaments with large diameter.
For the diffusion coefficient. D(x)at distance x=x, where Ds, and Dg are diffusion coefficients in solution phase and in gel phase respectively, Lc the distance between the capillary and the point where coagulation is completed, being given by the following equation. where R is average fiber radius, v the take-up velocity of the filament.
For the fiber radius R(x) at x=x where R0 and Rb are fiber radius at x=0 and x=Lb respectively, Lb the distance between the capillary and the point where diffusion equilibrium is reached and is given by the following equation. where D is average diffusion coefficient.
Assuming that changes of fiber radius and diffusion coefficient are predicted by the above equations, concentration change in the fiber during coagulation process was simulated using an electronic computer and the results were found to agree well with the experimental results.View full abstractDownload PDF (520K) -
Koji Terada1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages T532-T537
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMass and heat transfer in wet-spun acrylic fibers during stretching process was studied for monifilament and tow. Equations of diffusion and heat conduction were solved under boundary conditions that radius of monofilament of thickness of tow changes with distance. Numerical solutions were obtained for a set of given coefficients or diffusion and thermal diffusivities by using IBM 1130. Then the coefficients of diffusion and thermal diffusivities during streching process were obtained by comparing the experimental value with the calculated values. Using these values obtained, the concentration profile of the solvent and temperature profile in the filament or tow were obtained.
The results obtained are as follows;
(1) The diffusion coefficients of solvent during stretching process were 7×10-6 and 11×10-6cm2/sec for the monofilament and 9×10-5 and 13×10-5cm2/sec for the tow at the temperature of 70 and 90°C respectively. Apparent activation energies of diffusion were 5.6Kcal/mol for the filament and 4.5Kcal/mol for the tow. (2) The thermal diffusivities for the tow was 6×10-4_??_8.5×10-4cm2/sec at the temperature range of 70_??_90°C, which shows that heat transfer takes place more rapidly than mass transfer during the streching process of tow.View full abstractDownload PDF (394K) -
Tsuyoshi Kiyotsukuri, Tsukasa Kanki1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages T538-T545
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNylon 66 copolymers and nylon 610 copolymers were prepared by substitutions up to 50mol% of aromatic diacid comonomers (terephthalic and isophthalic) and aliphatic diacid comonomers (adipic and sebacic). The resultant copolymers and their hot-pressed films were subjected to following measurements; intrinsic viscosity, melting point, crystal spacing, density, crystallinity by x-ray method, dynamic modulus, temperature of tanδ maximum, and value of tanδ maximum. It is suggested that the following structural characteristics affect the properties of copolymers; structural disorder by copolymerization, hydrogen bond concentration of homopolymer, rigidity and symmetry of comonomer molecule, and isomorphism. The isomorphous replacement which is observed only for nylon 66-6T copolymer decreases crystallinity and dynamic modulus at room temperature, which it increases temperature of tanδ maximum. The effect of moisture absorption on the dynamic viscoelasticity of copolymers was also studied. It is found that the depression of dynamic properties depend on the hydrogen bond concentration of copolymers.View full abstractDownload PDF (657K) -
Motoko Komaki, Tomoko Kaneda, Masako Hayashi, Akihiko Yabe, Mitsuhiko ...1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages T546-T550
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe kinetics and mechanism of alkaline hydrolysis of chlorotriazinyl reactive dyes containing imino groups have been studied at constant temperature over a range of pH values and dye concentrations by a paper chromatography.
The results obtained were explained in terms of the apparent second-order rate constant, and the hydrolysis was independent of dye concentration, but was dependent on pH of the dye liquor.
This could be explained by assuming that an acid-base equilibrium exists at imino bridged group of the dye. As is generally accepted, both values of dissociation constant (K) of imino bridged groups and the true rate constant (k) were expected to be increased by the substituent, having electron donating character. And this substitution effect was found to be larger at meta position than at para position.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K) -
Mikio Karasawa, Noriko Choji1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages T551-T555
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple evaluation method of the concentration distribution is proposed, for a system in which the diffusion coefficient is a given function of concentration.
An approximate equation (3) for the concentration distribution was derived on the bases of equations (1) and (2), (1) (2) were θ is the relative concentration of a penetrant in medium at time t, at distance x. Dθ and D0 are the diffusion coefficients at θ and θ=0 respectively. (3)
Where xi is the value of x at θ=Θi, Dθi is the value of diffusion coefficient at θi, Δθ=θi-θi-1and xi=0 at θi=1, (See Fig. 1)
The concentration distribution values can be obtained successively by equations (1) and (3), from the diffusion coefficients (Dθi) with given relative concentrations (θi) and known vlaue D0, t and arbitrarily chosen value x0. The value of x0 can not be obtained directly from equations (1) and (3). Hence, the value x0 is determined approximately with try and error method by assuming xi_??_0 at θi=1.
This method was applied for some cases in which D is a given function of concentration, ig. etc.
The values of the concentration distribution calculated by this method approximately agree with the theoretical values (when Dθ=D0) or the detail-calculation values of Fujita6).View full abstractDownload PDF (282K) -
THE EFFECT OF UREA, FORMAMIDE AND THEIR DERIVATIVES ON THE AGGREGATION OF BASIC DYES (XANTHENE DYES)Chizuko Yatome, Toshihiko Ogawa, Yoshimi Takase1973 Volume 29 Issue 12 Pages T556-T563
Published: December 10, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of urea, formamide and their derivatives on the deaggregation of xanthene dyes (3, 6-bisdiethylamino-9-aphenyl-xanthlium chloride, C. I. Basic Violet 10 and C. I. Basic Red 1) has been studied. The aggregation of dyes was studied spectrophotometrically in H2O and in D2O in the presence of urea (U), N, N-dimethylurea (DMU), formamide (FA), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N, N-dimethylacetoamide (DMA) in the temperature range between 5 and 45°C; measurements were made at intervals of 10°C. Calculations were made on thermodynamic functions of the dye solution, ΔFu, ΔH and ΔSu, and of the differences between thermodynamic functions of the dye solution obtained with and without additives, δΔFu, δΔH and δΔSu. Results obtained were as follows.
(1) The effect of additives on the deaggregation of the dyes was larger in the order, DMA>DMU>DMF>U>FA.
(2) The deggregation of the dyes is mainly enthalpic in H2O in the presence of FA, suggesting that the interaction between the dyes and FA is mainly enthalpic.
(3) The deggregation of the dyes in H20 in the presence of U, DMU, DMF, DMA is enthalpic or entropic, depending on the kind of the dye. The deaggregation of the dye, whose aggregation is mainly enthalpic, is enthalpic. On the other hand, the deaggregation of the dye, whose aggregation is caused by the hydrophobic interaction, is entropic; this can be explained by the change in the water structure.
(4) The aggregation of C. I. Basic Violet 10 is more entropic in D20 than in H20, suggesting that the aggregation is caused by the hydrophobic interaction. However, the effect of additives on the deaggregation of C. I. Basic Violet 10 was the same as in D20 and in H2O.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K)
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