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Volume 30, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Susumu Kousaka, Nobuhiko Yokota, Kiyoshi Tsuboi, Nobuo Yasuhira1974 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages T1-T8
Published: January 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFilamentary growth mechanism of carbon through thermal decomposition of vaporized benzene have been studied.
The film having graphite structure was formed an a base at 1000°C in which the hexagonal layer planes of the graphite are oriented parallel to the base plane. During the thickening of the film, the nucleation of fiber growth occurs. Carbon fibers produced by the decomposition of benzene grow preferably by extending the existing plane of film laterally.
Further it was found that γ-Al2O3 is very effective in producing the carbon fibers. This effect of γ-Al2O3 is due to the works to act as an absorbent and to prevent the formation of soot particles.View full abstractDownload PDF (2423K) -
IWAO IWANAGA1974 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages P6-P10
Published: January 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Saburo Naka, Yoshinobu Kamata, Jiro Yoshino1974 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages T9-T16
Published: January 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA semi-absolute method for axial thermal conductivity measurements on fibers is described. The heat from the source mostly flows through a sample to a heat sink which transfers the heat to the surrounding chamber walls by thermal radiation, and is partly by radiation from the sample surface. At the steady state, temperatures were measured at four points, viz. the heat source, heat sink, chamber walls and the shield.
The data thus obtained allows the calculation of the thermal conductivity when the emissivity of the heat sink is known. The amount of the heat flowing from the sample to the heat sink is calculated by use of the equation giving the temperature distribution in the sample. The emissivity of the heat sink is determined with standard specimens.
The apparatus is placed in a evacuated chamber which is kept at uniform temperature in a ice-water bath.
In this way the value 0.93 Kcal/m.hr.°C of the axial thermal conductivity of polyester fibers was obtained by using Pyrex glass for the standard specimen.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
TAKAKO TAKAHASHI1974 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages P11-P17
Published: January 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Munenori Sakamoro, Hwan Cho, Yoshio Yamada, Nobuko Ojima, Hiroaki Tona ...1974 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages T17-T23
Published: January 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crosslinking of viscose rayon staple fibers with bis-β-isocyanatoethyl disulfide (BIED) in dimethylformamide at 80°C was studied. From the sulfur contents of the product (DTV) and its reduction product (RDTV), the crosslinking efficiency (the ratio of BIED forming crosslinks to total BIED combined in DTV) was calculated. The efficiency increased with the reaction period and was greater than that for the reaction of of cotton with BIED conducted under similar conditions. Cadoxen solubility test indicated that disulfide crosslinks in DTV were cleaved by reduction with tri-n-butyl phosphine and reformed by successive oxidation with air in buffer.
The stress strain behaviors of DTV, RDTV, and its oxidation product (ORDTV) were measured in toluene, water and 50% aqueous urea. The breaking elongation of crosslinked rayon fibers (DTV and ORDTV), in any of the solvents, decreased with increasing crosslinks. The breaking strength and the stress at 30% elongation in toluene changed little by crosslinking. The stress at 3% elongation of the rayon fibers in water and 50% aqueous urea increased remarkably by crosslinking with BIED, decreased to the level of control sample by successive reduction, and increased again by the following recrosslinking by oxidation. The breaking strength of the rayon fiber in 50% aqueous urea increased slightly by crosslinking. The reversible nature of the mechanical properties of reversibly crosslinked rayon fibers was demonstrated.View full abstractDownload PDF (531K) -
KIICHIRO SAKAOKU1974 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages P18-P21
Published: January 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Masaru Mitsuishi, Sodatsu Nanbu, Naoko Ishii1974 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages T24-T29
Published: January 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solubilities of 1-aminoanthraquinone (MAAQ), 1, 4-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) and 1, 4, 5, 8-tetraaminoanthraquinone (TAAQ) in water and in the mixtures of water and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and n-propanol were determined at 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50°C. From the solubility data the thermodynamic parameters for the transfer of aminoanthraquinone compounds (AAQ) from water to the water-alcohol mixtures were calculated.
On the basis of the thermodynamic parameters, the hydrotropic behaviours of alcohol on the AAQ's are discussed. The following results were obtained:
(1) The solubilities of the AAQ's were larger in water-alcohol mixtures than in water. The effects of alcohols on the solubilities of the AAQ's increase in the order of methanol, ethanol and n-propanol.
(2) The free energy changes were negative. As to the number of amino groups in the AAQ and the alcohol, the enthalpy changes were found to vary from about +4.5 to -5.8 Kcal/mol and the entropy changes from about +17 to -13 cal/deg. mol.
(i) The enthalpy and entropy changes of the MAAQ were positive in all the mixtures of water and alcohol.
(ii) The enthalpy and entropy changes of the DAAQ were positive in water-methanol mixtures, and they were negative in water-ethanol and in water-n-propanol mixtures.
(iii) The enthalpy and entropy changes of the TAAQ were negative in all the mixtures of water and alcohols.
(iv) The enthalpy change of AAQ was found to decrease with the increase in the length of alkyl chain of alcohols.
(3) Assuming the presence of ice-like structure of water around the MAAQ and alcohol molecules, the positive enthalpy and entropy changes can be explained by means of hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic portions of the MAAQ and alcohol molecules. The negative enthalpy changes for the transfer of the AAQ's cotaining two or four amino groups may suggest that the adduct between the AAQ and alcohol is formed to be hydrated.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
BY MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY AND CONDUCTANCEChizuko Yatome, Yoshimi Takase1974 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages T30-T34
Published: January 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSViscosity and conductance measurements were made in aqueous solution for the tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, trimethylphenyl-, trimethylnaphthyl-, trimethylbenzyl-, triethylbenzyl-, and dimethyldibenzyl-ammonium chlorides which were the model compounds of basic dyes.
The viscosity B coefficients was calculated using the Jones-Dole equation. Judging from the positive B coefficients, trimethylphenyl-, trimethylbenzyl-, triethylbenzyl-, and dimethyldibenzyl-ammonium ions in aqueous solutions appear to be the structure makers.
The temperature coefficients of the Walden product suggests that the triethylbenzyl-ammonium ion appears to be a structure-maker, while for the trimethylbenzyl-, and trimethylphenyl-ammonium ions the structure-making and breaking effects appear to be cancelled.
It was found that there exists a relationship between the temperature coefficients of the Walden product and viscosity B coefficients.View full abstractDownload PDF (349K) -
Akira Takahashi, Shiro Takahashi1974 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages T35-T40
Published: January 10, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGraft copolymerization of acryiamide onto various cellulosic materials in an aqueous medium was carried out by using ceric salt and metaperiodate as initiators, and the grafting site was studied.
The per cent grafting increased with increasing content of carbonyl groups or with decreasing content of carboxyl groups in the samples by using ceric salt as an initiator. Apparent activation energy calculated from the initial rate of graft copolymerization onto dialdehyde cellulose was approximately 10.1kcal/mol. These results indicate the possibility that the graft copolymerization is initiated by the redox reaction between cericion and hydroxyl groups.
The per cent grafting and the apparent number of grafted chains on acid hydrolyzed samples are larger than those on methanolyzed one. By the addition of butyl aldehyde to polymerizing medium the polymerization of acryl amide was initiated in the absence of ceric salt, but the grafting did not occur. In the presence of periodate initiator, the polymerization of acrylamide increased with the increasing pH of the system, but the grafting was not remarkable. This indicates that the grafting starts more easily from the end than the carbonyl or hydroxyl group of cellulose molecule.
Graft copolymerization onto cellulose derivatives V.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K)
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