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Volume 47, Issue 12
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Liang-Ren Zhang, Atsushi Takahara, Kouji Nishimiya, Toshitake Haraguch ...1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 635-643
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA membrane surface of polybutadiene (PBD) has been treated with CF2ClCF2Cl-. CF2Cl2- and CF4-plasmas. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results clarified that these three plasmas modified PBD surface in a different manner. That is, CF2ClCF2Cl and CF2Cl2 plasma induced not only graft reaction but also polymerization on the PBD surface. On the other hand, CF4-plasma modified the PBD surface only by graft reaction. CF2ClCF2Cl- and CF2Cl2-plasma modifications remarkably improved the gas permselectivity of PBD membrane due to the introduction of both fluorine and chlorine atoms at the surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (1289K) -
Masaru Hoshi, Takanori Saito, Akon Higuchi, Tsutomu Nakagawa1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 644-649
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPervaporation enrichment of chlorine containing organic hydrocarbons from dilute aqueous solution through poly (acrylate-co-acrylic acid) composite membranes with crosslinked structure was investigated. Five copolymers were synthesized and their membranes were prepared on a porous poly (propylene) sheet. These membranes have selectivity in favor of halogen containing hydrocarbons in addition to permeability, depending on side chains. The following acrylate monomers were used: butyl acrylate (BA), tert-butyl acrylate (tert-BA), lauryl methacrylate (LaMA), benzyl acrylate (BeA), cyclohexyl acrylate (CHA). Ratio of the acrylate monomer and acrylic acid was mostly 8.5/1.5 and 8.2/1.8. During the preparation of the membrane, crosslinking structure was introduced withN, N, N', N'-tetra glycidyl metaxylenediamine (TGXDA). Pervaporation was carried out for aqueous solutions of 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane (TCE), trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene using the copolymer membranes. Separation factor 500 of TCE/water and flux 24g/m2. hr were obtained at 25°C, about 0.2wt.% aqueous feed composition for copoly (BA-acrylic acid) membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (320K) -
Hiroshi Okuno, Naohiro Ikeda, Hiroaki Nishimoto, Akira Matsumoto, Tada ...1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 650-656
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCopolymer membranes were prepared by bulk-copolymerization of polyethylene glycol methacrylate as hydrophilic monomer and benzyl methacrylate as hydrophobic monomer in a porous support. The permeation rates in both pervaporation and evapomeation increased with increasing hydrophilic polyethylene glycole (PEG) content in the copolymer membrane. This was attributed to the fact that the copolymer membrane was swollen by aqueous ethanol solution. Separation factor had a maximum value at about 15 wt% of the PEG content in pervaporation and at about 10 wt% in evapomeation. These results were explained by the individual permeation rates for two components such as water and ethanol. An optimum PEG content for both permeability and selectivity was assumed from the permeation data. Performance of the copolymer membrane was discussed from the viewpoint of physical and chemical structures.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
Takao Shibusawa1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 657-663
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiffusion coefficients (Df) of four p-nitroaniline derivatives and eight non-ionic azo dyes in nylon 6 film from aqueous solution were determined over the temperature range of 40-90°C. The values of Df were evaluated from the concentration-distance curves (profiles) of the dyes in the film, which were measured by the film roll method. For each dye, the activation energy (Ed) of diffusion in the film was assessed from the values of Df determined at various temperatures. The molecular weight (Mw), molar volume at boiling point (Vb) and van der Waals volume (Vw) were used as measures of molecular size of the penetrants. Fairly good correlations between Vw and D_??_ and Vw and Ed were observed. A computer simulation was made to estimate the rate of disperse dyeing of the nylon film at raising dye bath temperature. The decrease in the rate of dyeing with an increase in Vw was revealed.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
Kunihiro Hamada, Seiko Takemae, Masaru Mitsuishi1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 664-668
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe derivatives of sodium 1-phenylazo-2-hydroxy-6-naphthalenesulfonate, some of which contains fluorine atoms, were prepared and their sorption behavior by a nylon 6 film was investigated. For all the dyes used, the amount of dye sorbed increased with sorption time, and equilibrium sorption was not established even after the sorption for 7 days at 333-363K (pH=3). The analysis of the sorption isotherms based on the dual sorption mechanism gave the partition coefficients and the parameters for the Langmuir type sorption. The former was dependent on the sorption time, while the latter was not. The thermodynamic parameters for the Langmuir type sorption were greatly influenced not only by the kinds of the substituents but also by their position. It was possible to explain such effects of the substituents by using Hammet's rule.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
M. Furuhata, S. Yamamoto, T. Hatakeyama1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 669-672
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHollow fibers of cellulose acetate (CA) were prepared by the wet spinning method using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone as a solvent. Various contents of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were mixed with CA and solvent. The PVP fraction was washed out during and after the spinning. CA films with thickness of 400μm were spread on a glass plate as reference materials. Cross sections of the hollow fibers were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The distributions of the pore sizes of the hollow fibers were estimated from the scanning electron micrographs using computer graphic analysis. It was found the the average size increases with increasing PVP content and the size distribution decreases with increasing PVP content. Melting and crystallization of water in the fibers and films were observed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results were discussed in terms of the pore size distribution.View full abstractDownload PDF (857K) -
Fusae Nakanishi, Yu Xu1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 673-676
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotoreactive mixed Langmuir-Blodgeett (LB) films consisting of p-phenylenediacrylic acid mono-n-dodecyl ester (p-PDAmC12) and octadecylamine (C18NH2) were studied. Surface pressure-area curve for the mixture of p-PDAmC12 and C18NH2 with molar ratio of 1:1 showed the formation of a monolayer on the water surface. The monolayer could be deposited onto a substrate by the LB method. The type of the mixed LB films depended on surface pressure and time passed after the formation of monolayer. The spectroscopic data on the mixed LB films showed that in this film p-PDAmC12 and C18NH2 molecules are arranged randomly but forming pairing units by the interaction between COOH and NH2 groups. Photoreaction of the mixed LB films was rather slow and gave a small amount of dimers.View full abstractDownload PDF (233K) -
KIMIAKI KABUKI1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages P659-P665
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1117K) -
ISAMU HASHIMOTO1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages P666-P669
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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[in Japanese]1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages P670-P675
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (549K) -
TOYOKO MIYAMOTO1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages P676-P681
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1063K) -
MICHITARO TADA, HIROSHI INAGAKI1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages P682-P687
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1298K) -
HIROMI TOKURA1991 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages P688-P693
Published: December 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1042K)
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