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Volume 32, Issue 9
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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MICHINORI NAKAMURA1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages P311-P317
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MIYOSHI OKAMOTO1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages P318-P326
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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SUSUMU AOYAMA1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages P327-P333
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Kiyoichi Matsumoto1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages T365-T370
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe intrinsic birefringence of Nylon-6 and Nylon-66 were calculated by using the three dimensional coordinates of bond-unit by Bunn et al.
Birefringence is a measure of the total molecular orientation of a polymer. For a uniaxially oriented polymer the measured birefringence ΔT may be defined as Where Δ°am is the intrinsic birefringence of the perfectly oriented crystal and Δ°am is the intrinsic birefringence of a perfectly oriented amorphous regions, β the volume fraction of crystalline, and fc and fam the orientation functions characterizing the average orientation of crystalline and amorphous regions, respectively.
The intrinsic birefringence of the crystalline and amorphous regions of Nylon-6 were Δ°c=0.096 and Δ°am=0.083, respectively. And, for Nylon-66 the intrinsic birefringence were Δ°c=0.096 and Δ°am=0.077.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
Takashi Komori, Kunio Makishima1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages T370-T375
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPropositions are set with mathematical definitions for fiber orientation and its distribution in a fiber assembly whose constituent fibers are arbitrarily crimped.
It is found that the density function of orientation can be estimated by solving an integral equation which relates it to the average numbers of fiber cut-ends formed by unit areas of randomly positioned and variously oriented secant planes.
The formula obtained is as follows: where L is the total length of the fibers in unit volume, Ω (θ, _??_) sin θ the density function of fiber orientation, ν (Θ, Φ) the areal density of the number of intersections formed by a secant plane with an orientation of (Θ, Φ), and A (θ, _??_; Θ, Φ) defined as |sin θ sin Θ cos (_??_-Φ)+cosθ cosΘ|.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Masaru Mitsuishi, Manabu Furukawa, Naoko Ishii1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages T376-T381
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe properties of the microenvironments of methyl orange, ethyl orange, and butyl orange solubilized in alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (alkyl-TAB, involving alkyl group such as decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl group) micellar solutions have been examined by means of spectroscopic procedures. The absorption maximum frequencies (vmax) of methyl orange, ethyl orange, and butyl orange in the mixtures of ethanol-water, dioxane-water, and acetone-water have been successfully correlated with the solvent polarity parameter, Grunwald-Winstein's Y value, respectively. By comparing the Y values obtained from vmax of the dye in micellar solution with those in the solvent mixtures, the properties of the microenvironments of the dye is discussed. Butyl orange, the most hydrophobic dye of three, is supposed to be solubilized in hydrophobic environments of the micellar solutions of decyl-, dodecyl-, and tetradecyl-TAB, but in relatively less hydrophobic environments of hexadecyl-, and octadecyl-TAB. Ethyl orange and methyl orange are supposed to be solubilized in relatively less hydrophobic environments of micellar solutions of all the alkyl-TAB, respectively. The microenvironments of the dyes solubilized in alkyl-TAB micellar solutions are considered to be primarily dependent on the alkyl group of the dye and secondly dependent on the length of alkyl chain of alkyl-TAB.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Masaru Mitsuishi, Ryoji Kamimura, Masao Ieda, Katsuhiko Shinohara, Nao ...1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages T382-T388
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe azo-hydrazone tautomerism of 4-phenylazo-l-naphthol (PAN) in the mixtures of water and organic solvents (alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and t-butanol, ethylene glycol and glycerine, and nonhydroxylic solvents such as dioxane and acetone) was studied spectrophotometrically. The equilibrium constants (KT) of the tautomerism were obtained. The effects of the composition of the mixture solvent on the KT value were examined. The KT values were found to increase with an increase in water contents in the mixtures. In monohydric primary alcohol-water mixtures, the KT values were smaller in the mixtures of less polar alcohols. In ethylene glycol- and glycerine-water mixtures, the KT values were supposed to be dependent upon the sum of water and OH concentrations. In nonhydroxylic solvent-water mixtures log KT was proportional to the water concentration in the mixtures. In the mixtures of predominantly aqueous compositions the KT values sharply increase with an increase of aqueous compositions. These results can be explained by assuming that the KT values are not dependent upon the bulk solvent properties but dependent upon the microenvironmental properties of PAN molecules. The tautomerism of PAN in the mixtures is almost athermic. The results suggest that the disperse dye in organic solvent-water mixtures is supposed to be in the more hydrophobic environment than the bulk.View full abstractDownload PDF (459K) -
Fukashi Shimizu, Kyohei Jyoko, Ikuzo Sakaguchi1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages T388-T393
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe after chroming of the silk dyed with a few acid mordant dyes has been studied with attention to the adsorption of chromium and the relation of this with the development and fastness of the colour. The following results were obtained.
1) The amount of chromium adsorption depends on the dye species used for the silk dyeing. For the silk dyed with such dyes complexing with chromium (III) formed by the reduction of potassium bichromate, higher adsorption was observed than for the undyed one. In contrast, for the silk dyed with such as forming no complex, the adsorption was less than for the undyed one. Probably, the occupation by the dye anions of major portion of the positively charged sites of the silk is responsible for this fact.
2) When the molar ratio between the adsorbed dye and chromium on the dyed silk became 1, the development of the colour reached the highest, which was recognized from the values of x and y in the CIE xy chromaticity diagram. The development of colour was accelerated by the use of dyes which are easily oxidized by potassium bichromate or by the chroming at high temperature.
3) The colour fastnesses to light, washing and potting depended on the dyes used. The fastness was not acceptable when the chromium adsorption was less than 1/3 of the adsorbed dye.View full abstractDownload PDF (355K) -
Iichiro Kido, Isao Ikeda, Junichiro Togo1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages T394-T398
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the work is to enhance the limiting oxygen index (OI) value of a rayon cloth (original OI, less than twenty) to more than thirty by a washable finish by use of the synergistic effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine. The nitrogen was introduced by the graft-copolymerization of acrylamide into the rayon cellulose, the phosphorus and chlorine by the cure with tetrakis (hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride after the hydroxymethylation of the grafted rayon cloth with formaldehyde. The best conditions for the graftcopolymerization of acrylamide were the initiator, 0.01mol/1 (NH4)2S2O8, the monomer, aq. 10% acrylamide, the reaction temp., 50°C, the reaction time, 2hr and the bath ratio, less than 1:50. The hydroxymethylation of the grafted sample was carried out with aq. 12% formaldehyde of pH 11 at 50°C for 2hr. THPC-cure was carried out at 145°C for 5 min after impregnating of 47% THPC solution containing 8% triethanolamine and predrying at 85°C for 5 min.
The OI value of the finished sample increased with increase of the total add-on and reached more than thirty at more than twenty % of the total add-on upon the rayon cloth.View full abstractDownload PDF (280K) -
Seibei Yoshikawa, Shiori Miyamoto1976 Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages T399-T402
Published: September 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interaction between acid dye and tannic acid was investigated by means of capillary analysis.
Tannic acid used was Mercks' reagent and acid dyes used were Orange II (C. I. Acid Orange 7), Sulfonine Red 3B 120 (C. I. Acid Red 134), Solar Cyanine 5R (C. I. Acid Blue 120), Naphthalene Green VS (C. I. Acid Green 16) and Suminol Milling Red GRS (C. I. Acid Red 99), which were used often in practical dyeing.
The following results were obtained:
1) Tannic acid reacted with every acid dye used in this experiment and 1:1 complex was formed.
2) From the values of ΔH°, it was suggested that the complex between acid dye and tannic acid was formed by hydrogen bonding.
These results demonstrate that the capillary analysis is simple and a useful method to give reproducible results.View full abstractDownload PDF (215K)
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