Sen'i Gakkaishi

Thermal Behavior of Rigid Amorphous Phase in Poly (ethylene naphthalene-2, 6-dicarboxylate) Film

Weigang Xu, Shigeo Asai, Masao Sumita

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 631-638
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_631

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The thermal behavior of the rigid amorphous phase (RAF) of poly (ethylene naphthalene-2, 6-dicarboxylate) (PEN) has been characterized well by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The RAF is supposed originating from an anisotropic interphase without lateral order between isotropic amorphous and crystalline phase. However, there were no direct proofs to confirm such suggestion. The kinetic mechanism of formation of the RAF has not been studied. In the present work, the identity of the RAF in molecular conformation was assured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The kinetics of the formation of RAF was firstly traced by time resolved FTIR measurement, It was found that the RAF grew simultaneously with the growth of crystal, but had some delay in relatively low isothermal crystallization temperature. The study of Avrami's equation by FTIR spectroscopy was also carried out.

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Effects of Foaming Methods on Moisture Transfer and Waterproof Properties of Foam-Finished Nylon Fabrics

Meng-Shung Yen, Tseng-Chin Yeh

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 639-649
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_639

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Water vapor permeabilities and waterproof properties of nylon fabrics obtained by foam-coating processes were studied and the influences of foaming methods on the permeabilities and waterproof properties of the coated fabrics were investigated. For the same weight of coated resin film. the water vapor permeability and water resistance of the foam-coated fabrics were far better than those of conventional nonfoam-coated fabrics. Foam-coated fabrics obtained by the foam-mixer method showed the best water vapor permeability and water resistance. the homomixer foaming method was the second and the stirrer foaming method was the third. In the homomixer foaming method. the water vapor permeability and water resistance of foam-coated fabrics showed the best result when the foaming time was 10min or longer and the rotation speed was 4500rpm (rotation energy, 383J/g solution). In the foam-mixer foaming method, the water vapor permeability and water resistance of the foam-coated fabrics were better than those observed for the homomixer foaming method when the foam blow ratio exceeded 4 and the mixing head speed exceeded 700rpm (rotation energy, 12.6J/g solution). The water vapor permeability and water resistance were found to be dependent upon the size distribution of the foam particles. For both homomixer and foam-mixer methods, small and homogeneous foam particles were obtained at higher foaming speeds, longer foaming times and higher blow ratios. and hence higher water vapor permeability and water resistance could be obtained. These results were confirmed by the SEM observation.

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Pervaporation Dehydration of Organic Liquids Using Composite Membranes Based on Carboxymethylcellulose

Kie-Seo Bae, Young-Ki Hong, Jeong-Min Lee

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 650-656
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_650

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In order to obtain dehydration pervaporation membranes easily available and durable, we prepared carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite membranes by casting CMC (Na⁺)/PVA blended solutions on polyester nonwoven fabrics and then removing the solvent. The permeation rates of the membrane for the water/organic solvent mixture systems at 60°C were in the range 0.40-1.39kg/m²•h and the value of separation factor was between 12 and 911. Furthermore, in order to increase membrane flux and to enhance membrane strength for practical application, we focused on another kind of polymer composite membrane based on CMC-Na⁺/poly (acrylic acid) (PAA)-K⁺ type. The CMC/PAA composite membrane appeared that the separation factor was 2210-3010 with a flux of 0.22-0.68kg/m²•h for the 90wt% aqueous ethanol in the range of experimental temperature. The highest value of pervaporation separation index which measns the best pervaporation performance was 1510kg/m²•h for the 90wt% aqueous ethanol at 60°C.

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Fine Structures in As-Polymerized and Sintered Poly (tetratluoroethylene)

Sadaatsu Yamaguchi, Masayoshi Tatemoto, Masaki Tsuji

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 657-659
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_657

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The parallel packing of elementary fibrils was directly visualized in the interference image of an as-polymerized rod-like particle of poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The diameter of the elementaty fibril was determined at ca. 6nm. Then, morphology of sintered PTFE was discussed on the basis of TEM observation of the surface replica.

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Observation of Polymer Membrane Surface in Water by Atomic Force Microscopy

Yoshiaki Hayashi, Tatsuji Murata, Akihiko Tanioka

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 660-663
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_660

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Surfaces of porous polycarbonate (PC), porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel and regenerated cellulose (RC) gel membranes are observed in water by atomic force microscope (AFM).
PC surface images by direct contacting (DC) mode showed an elevation around a pore. On the other hand a lot of blind pores of 10nm to 40nm of height and 150nm to 400nm of diameter on the surface were observed by alternative contacting (AC) mode. For PTFE surface images by AC mode we could not find the pore size difference between the membranes whose average pore sizes are about 0.4 μm and 1.5 μm determined by a bubble point method and we could observe the air bubble enclosed in the pore. PVA gel membrane surface images by AC mode shows the bright bands caused by the replica of scratches on the membrane cast plate, and the undulation structure covering the surface. RC gel membrane surface image by AC mode shows the light and shade stripes corresponding to the machine elongation direction.

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Observation on the Crimp Structure in Rat Tail Tendon Using a Transmission Electron Microscope

Takashi Itoh, Hajime Tsuchiya, Junko Nakajima, Masato Hasahimoto, Taka ...

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 664-666
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_664

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Crimp structure in young adult rat tail tendon was observed in a transmission electron microscope using the ultra-thin sectioning method to find that the sharp bending of the collagen fibril caused the crimp structure. The crimp angle was found to change discretely with the bundle which was composed of several hundred collagen fibrils, and to be smaller in the deeper region than in the surface region of the tendon. Such results supported the sequential straightening and loading model to explain the “toe region” behavior in the stress-strain curve of the tendon.

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Morphological Study on Polytetrafluoroethylene During the Crystallization Process at a Constant Cooling Rate from the Melt

Hiroshi Toyoda, Hiroshi Sakabe, Takashi Itoh, Takashi Konishi

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 667-670
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_667

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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was slowly crystallized from the melt and quenched into ice water just when the sample reached a prescribed temperature (Tp) to terminate the excess crystallization. The Tp-dependence of the surface morphology of PTFE was examined in a scanning electron microscope to find that thin bands ca. 120 nm wide appeared in the early stage of the crystallization and grew up with decreasing Tp finally to merge each other. The in situ observation by polarized light microscopy suggested that PTFE molecules lay parallel to the substrate.

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Effects of Mechanical Properties of Fabric in the Simulations of Seam Puckers

Shigeru Inui, Tadae Yamanaka

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages 671-674
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_671

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The simulations of seam puckers were executed utilizing a software of mechanical calculation for fabric. In the simulation, the shapes of seam puckers were predicted by minimizing the energy due to deformation of a virtual rectangular fabric. The center line of the virtual fabric was regarded as seam line, and the material puckering was defined by shortening the seam line. The percentage of the material puckering or the mechanical properties were changed as the boundary conditions or the parameters for the simulation. The seam puckers of different grades were obtained when the percentage of material puckering was changed. The shape of seam puckers varied in a similar manner as real puckers when the bending rigidity was changed. The tensile rigidity also affected the grade of seam puckers.

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Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Braided Composites

HIROYUKI HAMADA, ASAMI NAKAI

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages P469-P474
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_P469

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[title in Japanese]

MATSUO HIRAMI

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages P475-P480
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_P475

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Functionalization of Proteins-and Enzyme-Immobilized Membranes through Structural Control

SHIGERU KUNUGI

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages P481-P485
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_P481

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Structural Studies on Fibers and Polymer Solids by Crystal Lattice Imaging

MASAKI TSUJI

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages P486-P493
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_P486

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages P494-P497
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_P494

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Fibrillatable New Generation Polyester Textile “WAY^®”

MASAYUKI YANAGIDA, TAKASHI AKITA

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages P498-P500
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_P498

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The Present and Future Prospects of Owari Textile Industry

KAZUHIRO MIANI

1996 Volume 52 Issue 12 Pages P501-P504
Published: December 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.12_P501

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