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Volume 15, Issue 12
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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(VII) RELATION BETWEEN COAULATING FORCES OF SPINNING BATHS AND PROPERTIES OF FIBERSMasao Takahashi, Masamoto Watanabe1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 951-959
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe coagulating values of coagulating agents for acrylonitrile polymer solutions were measured. On the other hand, fibers were obtained by wet spinning process of acrylonitrile polymer solutions with these coagulating agents.
Filaments thus formed in the coagulating bathes of small coagulating values, and also of strong coagulating forces have many microscopic holes in their structures, while it is very diffjcult to form filaments in the coagulating baths of large coagulating values. In order to obtain superior filaments, it is essencial that suitable baths having proper coagulating values should be chosen. When γ-butyrolactone was used as a solvent it is possible to obtain better filaments by spinnings polymer solutions into coagulating baths of small coagulating values.
Apparent densities of filament become larger as the temperature is decreased and the concentration of the polymer solution increased.
When the baths having strong coagulating forces are used, it is possible to increase the spinnabilities of polymer solutions. On the other hand those filaments which are obtained by spinnings into these coagulating baths become brittle and lose toughness.
It is concluded, therefore, that the slower the desolvation (or coagulation), the better the mechanical properties of filaments.View full abstractDownload PDF (6338K) -
Mikio Korematsu1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 960-963
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlkali cellulose was treated with sodium monochloroacetate in Werner, shredder and ageing vessel. After xanthation, it was dissolved and spun by normal process, and there were no apparent difficulties. γ-value of carboxymethylated alkali cellulose was lower than in the normal one, but it can be dissolved easily by caustic soda.
Viscose rayon containing carboxymethyl residue has a few different mechanical properties from normal, but its Cu, Hg, and Al salts are resistant to fungi and have high wet strength.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
Heihachiro Ito1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 964-971
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amidoximation of the partially cyanoethylated polyvinyl alcoool fiber was carried out in the aqueous NH2 OH HCl solution containing Na2SO4 (20%). The most suitable conditions were pH 7_??_9, NH2OH/CN mol ratio 10, reaction temperature 100°C, and reaction time 1_??_2 hr.
Using the partially cyanoethylated PVA fiber (several % of cynoethylation degree), the amidoximated fiber showed the following characteristics. Properties.
1. In the formalization for purpose of giving the shrinkproof in boiling water, the concentration of H2SO4 is able to let down about 10%.
2. The elastic recovery of the amidoximated and then formalized fiber was remarkably improved especially at the range of lower elongation without much loss of tensile strength. This effect was suggested to be due to an intermolecular cross-linking produced between the amidoxime groups.
3. The affinity for the acid dyestuff of the treated fiber was very high. The affinities for basic, Vat and disperse dyestuffs were also higher than that of PVA and cyanoethylated fiber.View full abstractDownload PDF (570K) -
(XI) ON THE EFFECTS OF PURITY OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE AND LIQUOR TO WOOD RATIO ON THE COOKING OF SCPYoshitaka Ogiwara, Isao Shimoda, Mitsuru Kumanomido1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 972-979
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes of purity of (NH4)2SO3•H2O crystal, kept under various conditions, were observed. When exposed to the air, it decreases its purity rapidly by oxydation. In comparison with the protecting abilities of the packing materials from the oxydation, the polyvinyl chloride film has a supereority to the polyethylene film. In storing aqueous (NH4)2SO3, it was observed that one having the higher concentration was more stable.
The effects of (NH4)2SO4, contained in NH3 base cooking liquor as a impurity, on the cooking were studied. It acts to accelerate the cooking reaction and a lower yield of pulp is given, until its content in cooking chemical reachs to about 20%. When the content increases over the limit, the yield of pulp rises gradually. Those phenomena are explained by the observed facts that (NH4)2SO4 has an action of accelerating the cooking reaction and of decomposing the SO2 in the cooking liquor. (Fig. 7)
Finally, the effects of the liquor to wood ratio on the cooking were studied. It was observed that the lower the liquor ratio, the cooking was more accelerated and pH of the cooking liquor was kept more stable.
Both the ammount of (NH4)2SO4 and the liquor ratio have no direct effect to the qualities of pulp.View full abstractDownload PDF (591K) -
ON THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND STABILITY AND EFFECT OF CONTROL OF NONLINEAR DRAFT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PRODUCT SLIVERAkira Aoki1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 980-984
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, the mechanism of automatic level control system for product sliver is described. The variation of product sliver's thickness is measured by air-micrometer.
The appearance of this air-micro-nozzle is same as that of the conventional trumpet and this nozzle is set on the front side of the delivery roller. The transmitting loop of signal is as follows: air-micro nozzle (measuring the variation of thickness of product sliver)→bellows→Record pet→electric switch (with limit of adress)→relay→pilot motor→speed regulater→draft change gear train→feed roller (or delivery roller).
The conculusion of this analysis is as follows;
(1) Transfer function of this control loop G(s) is where, kn=2B√4a2-Δ2/πa2, Y0: average thickness of feed sliver, V1: surface speed of delivery roller, L=τ1+τ2, τ1: dead time in draft zone, τ2: dead time between front nip point and airmicro nozzle (trumpet), kn: transfer function of electric circuit which has the non-linear characteristics with limit of adress (range Δ), a sin ωt: input of electric circuit, k1: gain constant of air micro nozzle, km: gain constant of speed regulator and gear train of draft change, K; gain conctant of sensing device, B; voltage of pilot motor, Tm; time constant of speed regulater and gear train of draft change, T; time constant of sensing device.
(2) This control system meets with the stability criterion of NYQUIST in the conventional and so-called high speed of delivery roller.
(3) By using Toka's definition of residual variation of thickness of product sliver, the effect of automatic control is discussed.
Definition of residual variation of thickness of product sliver E % is as follows;
where, X0 is average thickness of product sliver., X(s) and Y(s) notation of laplace transformation for x(t) (variation of thickness of product sliver) and y(t) (variation of thickness of feed sliver). In this control system, E is caluculated by the following equation.
The theoretical conclusion of this analysis, shows close resemblance with actual data and good effect of control is expected for domain of long term variation (more than 3 meter) of product sliver's thickness.
(4) By the theoretical analysis of frequency response by Bode diagram, the effect of delivery roller's surface-speed is discussed, and author shows the close resemblance on frequency response betwen conventinal speed and so-called high speed of the delivery roller.View full abstractDownload PDF (402K) -
(III) SOME MEASUREMENTS ON TIRE CORDSKan Shirakashi, Kinzo Ishikawa, Nobuhiro Nakajima, Hayao Kusuki1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 985-991
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy combining an 8mm movie camera with the counting tube resilince meter, the energy loss per cycle of of nylon, Terylene, and rayon yarns and cords are measured at the neighbourhood of initial severel cycles, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 cycles. The strains are 1% and 3%. The applied strain is of constant rate of deformation type, while the speed is cycle per second. The results are obtained as follows.
1. Except Terylene, others show decrease of hysteresis loss with an increase of repeated number of elongation. The decrease is rapid at 2_??_3 cycles, and if the repeated number of cycles are converted to logarithm, this may be shown by an approximate straight line. At severel cycles, the fibers and cords are stabilized considerably.
2. With the increase of temperature, the hystersis loss decreases in the case of nylon and this is in opposite to the result, derived by Wakeham. As the effect of humidity is large in rayon, the result is not definite, due to its mutual effect with temperature. Terylene showed a little decrease with the increase of temperature.
3. Comparing the stabilized and unstabilized nylon cords, the effect of stabilization is low at 1% of strain, but at 3% the property of recovery is high in the case of treated cord. The treated cord is also stable in respect to the change of temperature.
4. The minimum point of the hysteresis loss of Terylene appears at 2_??_3 cycles. This is explained as due to the change in the internal structure.
5. Though the effect of twist is complicated due to the change of strain for twisting and the friction with inter fibers, the decrease of hysteresis loss is observed as nylon twisting is increased. This change in rayon is complicated.View full abstractDownload PDF (464K) -
(XXX) FANDAMENTAL OBSERVATION OF SHRINKAGE-ADVANCING OF FIBRES BETWEEN TWO LAYERS OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCESSakio Ikeda1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 992-1000
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe movements of untreated and carroted Angora rabbit fibres were observed under the following conditions: When the fibres were rubbed between two substances (glass, cellophane, rubber, paper, human skin and felt) and passed through a slit. As the result, the fibres most probably advance towards their roots. And it is roughly suggsted that degree of advancing of non-tangle fibre depends on distributions of the coefficients of friction of anti- and with-scale.View full abstractDownload PDF (3432K) -
PART II. COMBINATION EFFECTS OF HIGH POLYMER ELECTROLYTES WITH DIMETHYLOL ETHYLENE UREATetsuya Matsukawa1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1001-1006
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the acrylic polymers were the origin of the high soil-retentive property of the resin finished fabrics, high polymer electrolytes, such as Na-CMC (P1), Na-alginate (P2), copolymer of vinylmethylether and maleic-anhydride (P3), copolymer of vinylacetate and Na-maleate (P4) were added to dimethylol-ethylene-urea (DMEU) for the treatment, for the purpose of improving the soil-resistance and detergency of the resin finished fabrics*.
All these polymers, P1_??_P4 showed excellent improving effects on the above mentioned properties, but the fabrics treated with the mixtures of DMEU and these polymers had less wrinkle-recovery than those treated with DMEU and ordinary acrylic polymers.
By the conductivity measurements, the cause is to be found in the reaction of DMEU with the polymers, especially mith P3 and P2, and the consumption of DMEU in a solution for treatment led to a decrease in effective DMEU for cross-linking which may be recognized as the cause of high wrinkle resistance. Then a more useful method of combination must be found to attain both the soil-resistance and the wrinkle-resistance.
* Previous paper; T. Matsukawa: this journal, 15, 570 (1959)View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
(I) ON THE RELATION BETWEEN SALT-DYE RATIO p AND SUBSTANTIVITY RATIO qAkira Katayama, Nobuhiko Kuroki, Kenzo Konishi1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1007-1011
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe equilibrium absorptions of C. I. Direct Yellow 12, C. I. Direct Red 1 and C. I. Direct Red 2 by Vinylon have been investigated at 90°C. The salt-dye ratio p and the substantivity ratio q were calculated from the results. For C. I. Direct Red 1 and C. I. Direct Red 2, a logarithmic p, q plot is represented by an approximate single line, and this result is found in agreement with the theoretical deduction that the isothermal relation between the substantivity ratio and the salt-dye ratio is independent of the composition of the equilibrium solution.
On the other hand, for C. I. Direct Yellow 12, the result does not agree with the prediction of the direct dyeing theory, and the substantivity ratio increases with increase of the salt concentration in the dye-bath.
To explain this abnormal dyeing behavior, it is assumed that in the case of C. I. Direct Yellow 12, the dye molecules in the solution are easily dehydrated by added NaCl even at the dyeing temperature and the degree of hydration of the dye molecules decreases with increase of NaCl concentration in the dye-bath. Such a dehydration of the dye molecule increases the chemical potential of dye in the solution and decreases the chemical potential of dye in the fibre, so the substantivity ratio increases with an increase of the salt concentration in the dye-bath.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
(II) DYEING IN ABSENCE OF SALTAkira Katayama, Nobuhiko Kuroki, Kenzo Konishi1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1011-1014,1007
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption isotherms of C. I. Direct Red 1 and C. I. Direct Red 2 on Vinylon in absence of salt were decided at 90°C.
According to the direct dyeing theory, a direct plot of the concentration of dye in the dye-bath against the concentration of dye on the fibre yields a straight line passing thuough the origin.
The results obtained does not agree with the prediction of the dyeing theory, but the concentration of dye on the fibre is represented approximately by a following equation,
From this behavior, and the fact that the heat of dyeing on Vinylon is dependent of the concentration of absorbed dye, it is assumed that Vinylon contains a limitted small number of sites for which the dye has a high affinity and a large number of less active sites. The affinity of the dye on Vinylon corresponding to less active sites was calculated from the straight line part of the isotherm, and compared with the affinity obtained in presence of salt. The affinity corresponding to less active sites is considerably smaller than that obtained in the presence of salt.
To explain this behavior, it is asummed that decrease of the degree of hydration of the dyemolecule by adding NaCl raises the affinity of the dye on Vinylon as described in the preceeding paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
[in Japanese]1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1015-1019
Published: December 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2005K) -
1959 Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 1034
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (112K)
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