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Volume 55, Issue 9
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Rong Lu, Takashi Yoshida, Toshiyuki Uryu1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 402-407
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Chinese lacquer polysaccharide is an acidic polysaccharide and has a 1, 3-β linked D-galactopyranosidic main chain having complex branches with 4-O-methyl-β-D-glucuronic acid in the terminal. The viscosity of the polysaccharide was measured at 30 ± 0.05°C in water and NaCl solutions. In deionized water, the reduced viscosity increased rapidly with decreasing concentration of polysaccharide, indicating the behavior due to acidic polysaccharides. Dilute NaCl solutions (1.0×10-4 N and 2.0×10-4N) produced a maximum in the viscosity curve. In the NaCl solutions between 2.0×10-3 N and 1 N, the reduced viscosity decreased linearly with decreasing polysaccharide concentrations. It was found that the lacquer polysaccharide had the lowest reduced viscosity in 0.5 N NaCl solution. In high concentrated NaCl solutions more than 1 N, it was revealed that the reduced viscosity increased gradually with increasing NaCl concentrations, suggesting that the counter cation, Na+, penetrated into the branches to expand the polysaccharide molecules. The intrinsic viscosity [η] in 0.5 NNaCl solution which provided the lowest reduced viscosity was calculated to be 0.085dl/g by extrapolating to the zero concentration of polysaccharide. In deionized water, the [η] was calculated by the Fuoss linearization to be 0.65dl/g. It was found that the lacquer polysaccharide provided the specific viscosity behaviors in aqueous solutions originated from the complex branched structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Koji Miyazaki, Kenji Hisada, Teruo Hori, Nobuko Watanabe1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 408-415
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe finishing procedure for giving to polypropylene non-woven fabric water-repellent and hygroscopic properties simultaneously was investigated. It was found that high repellent property (surface tension: over 29_??_35×10-3N/m) and suitable hygroscopic property (moisture content: 8_??_60wt%) were obtained simultaneously by the following steps.
As the first step, the hydrophilic group was introduced into the non-woven polypropylene fabric by radiation induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) or mixture of sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS) and AA. Hygroscopic and wettable properties were given by treating the grafted sample with sodium hydroxide solution. As the second step, polyion-complexes were formed on the sodium acrylate surface by treating with dioctadecyldimethylammoniumbromide aqueous solution. As a result hydrophobic surface was obtained. Then, as the third step, the alkyl chain surface was treated further with CF4-plasma treatment to give water-repellent property on that. The structure of the modified surface was analyzed after each treatment by measuring ATR-FT/IR and XPS.View full abstractDownload PDF (574K) -
Tokuzo Kawase, Kei-ichi Tanba, Tomiko Fujii, Hideo Sawada1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 416-423
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurface modification of cellulose using fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomeric silanes were studied. With increase in modification temperature and time, both the dispersive and polar components of surface free energy, γsd and γsp, of modified cellulose decreased. All the values of γsd were ranged in 20_??_25mJ/m2, which proved that the fluoroalkylation by those silanes affords good oil repellency to the cellulose surface. On the other hand, with respect to γsp of modified surface, the silane having small fluoroalkyl group (C3F7) changed the cellulose surface to water repellent (γsp_??_3mJ/m2), but the silanes having longer fluoroalkyl groups decreased γsp only in the range of 10_??_20mJ/m2 and could not bring the complete water repellency.
Based on the ESCA measurements, the difference in water repellency or γsp values was interpreted in terms of the amounts of fluoroalkyl groups on the cellulose surface. Several possible mechanisms of modification by the fluoroalkyl silanes were also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (559K) -
Toshio Mori, Tomiji Wakida, Yoshimiti Endou1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 424-431
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing computer image analysis, we evaluate the degree of wrinkling appearance as indicated by the AATCC replica rating system and investigate the effects of color fabric patterns on wrinkling. The angular second moment, contrast, correlation and entropy as textural feature parameters were extracted from the co-occurrence matrix for each gray level intensity of the red (R), green (G) and blue (B) images obtained from decomposition of the color image in red-green-blue. The fractal dimension was also determined from the relief of the curved surface of the R, G and B images. Using computer image synthesis, the first grade of surface wrinkling of the AATCC replica plates was imposed on eight fabrics: one control fabric (plain green) and seven fabrics with different patterns. Results indicate wrinkling appearance can be reliably evaluated using computer image analysis. We discussed the effects of color patterns on wrinkling appearance in terms of textural feature parameters and fractal dimension.View full abstractDownload PDF (2184K) -
Minoru Tada, Toyonori Nisimatsu, Eiji Toba1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 432-439
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs there is presently no consensus as to how to design the comfortable seats of the automobile, it is important to relate the subjective words of judgment for sitting comfort of seats to the objective measurement of seats.
The sitting comfort of automotive seats, whose shapes were changed, were evaluated by only human tactual sensation while sitting on these seats. The adjectives used for the sensory evaluation by the human tactile sensation were examined by factor analysis. From this result, three adjectives “high-class”, “sporty”, and “smooth” were common and significant in evaluating the seat comfort.
It has been already reported that the top coated fabric was not related to the adjective “sporty”. But, it was found that the shape of seat was related to both “high-class” and “sporty” in this paper.
Further, the correlation among sensory values of seat comfort, the physical properties relating to the shape of seat, and the pressure distribution was investigated by correlation analysis. From the result of correlation analysis, it was found that adjectives “sporty” and “high-class” were correlated with the cushion angle, the compressive properties of seats, and the body pressure distribution between the back-rest of seat and the human back.View full abstractDownload PDF (3016K) -
Yosuke Horiba, Masayoshi Kamijo, Satoshi Hosoya, Tsugutake Sadoyama, Y ...1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages 440-446
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermesthesia in clothes wearing is the important element which gives influence to a comfortable feeling by wearing clothes. Sensory test or physical properties of clothes has been used for evaluation of thermesthesia in clothes wearing. We propose a evaluation method of thermesthesia by using physiological response for the purpose of evaluating thermesthesia objectively. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used as a physiological response for wearing. Using chaotic analysis, the complicacy of EEG is expressed quantitatively by the correlation dimension. We studied the relation between subjective thermesthesia and dynamics of EEG for the purpose of investigating effect of the evaluation of thermesthesia for wearing by using of chaotic analysis of EEG. As a result, under the comfortable condition with coat, EEG shows deterministic chaos. On the other hand, under the stress condition without coat, EEG shows weak chaos. Correlation dimension of EEG was higher with coat than without one. These results suggest that chaotic analysis of EEG is effective to the quantitative evaluation of thermesthesia.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
IKUO NISHIOKA1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages P293-P298
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1938K) -
KINGO KAKINO1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages P299-P304
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1354K) -
YOSHIHARU TSUJITA1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages P306-P309
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2688K) -
SHIGERU TASAKA1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages P310-P314
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2140K) -
TAKATOSHI KINOSHITA1999 Volume 55 Issue 9 Pages P315-P319
Published: September 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1074K)
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