Under the hydrodynamic lubrication of fibres and yarns, the frictional force given as a function of the amount of added lubricant has been studied.
1) The following dimensional formula concerning the frictional force f_i acting on the unit length of fibre or yarn is derived.
where μ: the viscosity of the added lubricant, U: the sliding speed of fibre or yarn, R_i: the normal load acting on the unit length of fibre or yarn, k₂: constant, N: constant (frictional index), g: the function of the dimensionless value where η is the thickness of added lubricant, K and L are constants concerning the asperities. From the above formula the frictional force f_i is obtained by a certain master curve.
2) It is concluded from the experimental results that the frictional force shows two types of the increase and decrease functions of the amount of added lubricant.

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The study is to express some properties of satin weaves as function of numbers of one repeat n and counts a.
1) The relation between weft count a and warp count b is expressed as ab≡1 (mod n). (see eq. 1)
2) a-count satin and its complementary satin, ie (n-a)-count satin are in relation of mirror image. (see Fig. I)
3) When n is even and a<n/2-1, the weave in which the satin is put on itself, moving its origin by n/2 along weft way, becomes n/2 harness and a-count satin.
4) When a(n-a)≡1 (mod n) or a+b=n the adjacent 4 weave points on the design of this satin make square nets, which is called “squre type satin“.
5) When integers p and q which give satisfaction to following equation (eq. 5) exist, adjacent weave points make rectangular nets. (rectangular type satins)
6) When a²-1=n, the adjacent 4 weave points make lozenge nets. (lozenge type satin)
7) In other satin, these points make parallelogram.
8) Expressing [n-harness and a-counts satin as a/n, Fibonacci series, composed of regular satin may be obtained is:
In this series, the satin at even order is of squre type satin, and the both counts of satins at odd order are same, a=b.

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The effects of sodium lauryl sulfate on the adsorption of monosulfonated acid dyes (Metanil Yellow, Orange II, Roccelline and Alizarine Saphirol SE) on Nylon-6 are studied. The adsorption of dye acids of four acid dyes and lauryl sulfate on Nylon-6 are examined respectively, and the affiinities for Nylon-6 are determined.
The affinities of Metanil Yellow, Orange II, Roccelline and Alizarine Saphirol and lauryl sulfate are -16.6, -15.0, -19.0, -14.9 and -16.3 kcal/mol respectively.
In dyeing of Nylon-6 with dye acid of four dyes in presence of SLS, the difference -(Δμ°_D-Δμ°_s) between affinities of dye acid (-Δμ°_D) and lauryl sulfate (-Δμ°_s) are determined, where that lauryl sulfate competes with dye ion for the positive sites on the fiber, and the differences coincide to the results of dyeing with single dye acids except Roccelline.
In order to suggest the effect of SLS in acid dyeing, the reciprocal of adsorbed amounts of dye on Nylon-6 (1/[D]φ) are plotted to the concentration of SLS in dyebath ([S]σ).
It is found that 1/[D]φ is proportional to [S]σ, theoretically and experimentally. The slope of line plotted 1/[D]φ to [S]σ corresponds to the retarding effects of SLS, and the slope is found to. increase according to the decrease of affinity of dye acid on Nylon-6.

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The effects of some I-I electrolytes (potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium nitrate, potassium thiocyanate, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium nitrate, and sodium thiocyanate) on the solubilities and the dyeing properties of Methyl Orange are examined.
The solubilities of Methly Orange in presence of some of electrolytes at 50°C are determined.
The solubilities of Methyl Orange in potassinum salt solutions decrease with increase of electrolyte concentration owing to salting out effects.
The solubilities of Methyl Orange in sodium salt solutions decrease with increase of electrolyte concentration owing to salting out effects and common ion effects.
The effect of inorganic anion on the solubilities of Methyl Orange is in the order of chloride ion, bromide ion, nitrate ion and thiocyanate ion, and this order coincides with lyotropic series of anion, that is, the solubility is smallest in chloride solutions and largest in thiocyanate solution.
The effects of electrolyte ions on the solubilities are considered to be that the hydrated water arround Metyl Orange dye ion is removed by the electrolyte ion, and dye ions become unstable, and precipitate. So, the solubilities is less in presence of upper electrolyte ions in lyotropic series than in presence of lower electrolyte ions.
The effects of I-I electrolytes on the adsorption of Methyl Orange on cellophane are examined.
The effects of inorganic anion on the adsoption of Methyl Orange are in the order of chloride ion, bromide ion, nitrate ion and thiocyanate ion, and this order coincides with the lyotropic series of anion, that is, the adsorption is largest in presence of chlorides, and the smallest in presence of thiocyanates.

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By using p-aminoazobenzene, p-nitroaniline and p-nitrodimethylaniline as models of disperse dye, the dyeing mechanism of benzalized vinylon was studied and compared with the data of an earlier paper for formalized vinylon.
It took a very long time to obtain the dyeing equilibria on benzalized vinylon. Benzalized vinylon acts as solvent of disperse dyes as well as formalized vinylon.
Partition coefficients of three dye models increase in proportion to the degree of benzalization of the fiber. This fact has not been observed in the case of dyeing formalized vinylon, and the cause of such a difference is discussed.
In order to caluclate affinities of disperse dyes on benzalized vinylon, a correcting coefficient, a function of the degree of benzalization, was introduced into Majury's equation.
p-Nitrodimethylaniline indicates higher affinities on benzalized vinylon than on formalized vinylon, and affinities of the other models on benzalized vinylon are nearly equal to these values on about 25mol% formalized vinylon.
With regard to heats of dyeing and entropy changes on benzalized vinylon, the value of p-nitroaniline is higher than that on formalized vinylon, but the other models indicate lower values rather than those on formalized vinylon, especially their entropy changes are minus values which is not observed in the case of dyeing of formalized vinylon.

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Some of the gas fading inhibitors of N, N′-diaryl-ethyenediamine, -piperadine and -alkylamidine type were synthesized from aniline, toluidine, chloraniline and nitroaniline. They were applied during the dyeing operation in the form of aqueous dispersion. In the presence of inhibitors. cellulose acetate fabrics were dyed with l-mehtylamion-4-hydroxyethylaminoanthraquinone and were compared with each other in their colour fastness to light and burnt gas fumes.
The inhibitors derived from aniline were arranged in the order of inhibiting effect as following: N, N′-diphenylethylenediamine>N, N′-diphenylacetamidine>N, N′-diphenylformamidine>N, N′-diphenylpiperadine.
The oredr of inhibiting ability of N. N′-diarylethylenediamines was qualitatively parallel to the rader of basicity of used anilines, i.e. p-toluidine>aniline>o-toluidine>p-chloraniline>o-chloraniline.
N, N′-diarylethyenediamines are the most effective in the tested compounds as inhibitor but they reduced the light fastness. In this respect, N, N′-diarylacetamidines give more satisfactory results.

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