Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 67, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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  • Prediction of End Breakage Rate due to Knots in Plain Knitting Zone
    Kazuhiro Murayama, Taiko Onodera, Nobuaki Yaginuma, Ryuzo Oinuma
    2011 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 53-65
    Published: March 10, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.53
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A mathematical model for prediction of the end breakage rate due to knots in the plain knitting zone is formulated by using the mathematical model of the plain knitting process and the mechanism of the end breakage due to knots in the plain knitting zone. The only unknown value in the computer program based on this model is the yarn tension (Tp) in the trailing arm of the loop held the needle that got out of the step length of cam.Tp is obtained by the simulated calculation used this program so that the calculated end breakage rate agrees with the experimental end breakage rate. The effects of the depth of stitch draw, the cam angle, the step length of cam, and the take-down weight on the jamming rates of knots and the end breakage rates of knots in the plain knitting zone are analyzed theoretical by using this program. The results obtained are as follows. 1) the jamming rates of knots increase with the increase of the depth of stitch draw, the step length of cam, but decreases with the increase of the cam angle. The take down weight is independent of the jamming rates of knots. 2) the end breakage rates due to knots increase with the increase of the depth of stitch draw, the step length of cam and the take down weight, but decrease with the increase of the cam angle.
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  • Coloration of Cotton with Clay Used for Ryukyuhanezu and Oudo Plaster in Japan
    Jong-sun Jung, Motoko Komaki
    2011 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 66-71
    Published: March 10, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.66
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The coloration properties of two kinds of clay used for Ryukyuhanezu and Oudo plaster were examined by immersing cotton fabric in a bath containing a slurry of the clay. The clay was ground and sieved to class six, and the particle size distribution measured. The composition of the clay minerals was determined by an SQX analysis and compared with that of the residual clay in the bath after immersing the cotton fabric. It is suggested from the change in composition of the clay that the main SiO2 crystalline component did not adhere to the cotton fibers and that the Fe, Al, S and Ti elements were related to the color. Satisfactory coloration was obtained by repeating three processing cycles of immersing while agitating the fabric in a slurry of 10 g of clay⁄g of fabric at 80°C for 50 minutes, drying the fabric for 24 hours and finally rinsing six times. It was found that several drying processes were very important for coloring the cotton fabric with the clay. Good color fastness properties of the fabric to washing and light was achieved with respective levels of 5 and 6 according to the testing methods of JIS L 0844 and L 0842.
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  • Frictional Contact of Coated Paper and Its Surface Chemical Analysis
    Kenta Higashijima, Tatsuo Yamauchi
    2011 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 72-75
    Published: March 10, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.72
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Relating to the real contact area against a plane smooth surface, frictional properties of coated and uncoated papers were examined under varying applied pressure. An optical interference method using a scanning laser microscope was adopted to measure real contact area against a plane glass plate. The real contact area of the coated paper increased nearly in proportion to the apparent pressure over a wide range of pressure. From the theory of tribology, this result shows that the contact of coated paper is rather plastic and this fact could explain the constant coefficient of friction with increasing apparent pressure. On the other hand, the contact of uncoated base paper was generally elastic and this fact was one reason for the decrease of the coefficient with increasing apparent pressure, shown in the previous report. In addition, an electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) was employed to examine the thickness of binder on pigment particles from the chemical composition at the exact coating surface, because the frictional behavior and the real contact area seemed to depend on the surface material. The result of ESCA suggested that the binder covered the pigment surface enough to control the frictional behavior, and further that the binder existed mainly at the border region between the pigment particles and partly covered the surface of pigment particles.
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  • Designing Method for Seamless Pattern of Spotted Image with Step Repeat by Using Fourier Transform
    Keizo Koganeya, Hirotaka Fujisaki, Motoharu Fujigaki, Yoshiharu Morimo ...
    2011 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 76-79
    Published: March 10, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.76
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In textile design, it is often necessary to make a seamless pattern with repeat. The pattern can be designed by using a computer software. By the way, in the case of the geometric design such as the spotted image, the making seamless pattern requires manipulation while considering the continuity of pattern from top to bottom and from side to side. After the inverse conversion is applied only to the areas of low frequency by FFT, the converted image has the continuity from top to bottom and from side to side. This paper proposes the method of making the seamless pattern with repeat by using this characteristic and some image processing.
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