Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 61, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Column
Commentation
Transactions
  • Control of High-order Structure of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fibers by Blending with Liquid Crystalline Polymer
    Junichi Kojima, Takeshi Kikutani
    2005 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 29-37
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.29
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers blended with a small amount of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) were prepared by melt spinning at take-up velocities of 0.5, 2 and 4 km/min. Structure and properties of the fibers were analyzed by measurements of wide-angle X-ray diffraction, birefringence, modulated differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties. The experimental results clearly showed that the blending with LCP had no significant effect on the high-order structure of PET fibers at low take-up velocities, whereas molecular orientation and orientation-induced crystallization were significantly suppressed at high velocities. Mixing conditions also affected the structure development of PET component, in that the increase in the revolution of screw resulted in the decrease of the effect of LCP for suppressing the orientation-induced crystallization. In the drawing of as-spun PET/LCP blend fibers, high drawing temperatures prevented the breakage of the fibers at high draw ratios and led to the preparation of drawn fibers with high tensile modulus and strength of 123 cN/dtex (17GPa) and 9.4 cN/dtex (1.3 GPa), respectively.
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  • Seperation of Aqueous Ethanol Solution by Pervaporation using Uniplanar-Oriented Carboxymethyl Cellulose Membranes
    Kiyoichi Matsumoto, Tsutomu Tomita
    2005 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 43-47
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.43
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    The separation of aqueous ethanol solution by pervaporation through uniplanar oriented cellulose acetate and cellulose membranes was investigated. For both of cellulose acetate and cellulose membranes, the permeation rates of uniplanar oriented membranes were considerably higher then those of unstretched membranes. On the contrary, the separation factors decreased with uniplanar orientation. Further, effect of uniplanar orientation on pervaporation was discussed in relation to molecular structure and affinity to ethanol and water of cellulose acetate and cellulose membranes
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  • Thermal Conduction in Textile Fabrics Sandwiched between Planar Heat Sources
    Ayako Makabe, Akira Takaku
    2005 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 38-42
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.38
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    The thermal resistance of ordinary textile fabrics is so small that in the measurements of thermal conduction by sandwiching a specimen between two planar heat sources, the contact resistance of the specimen to the surfaces of heat sources becomes relatively larger than the thermal resistance of the specimen itself. In order to analyze the heat flow in this situation, a model taking into account the contact resistance for reducing the thermal conductivity as a parameter independent of fabric thickness was proposed. The changes of heat flow rate with thickness for layered specimens composed of the same fabric were measured for a series of woven and knitted fabrics. The contact resistance of the fabrics used was about 1.31 m2 K/kW in average. The thermal conductivity calculated by the model showed a tendency decreasing with increasing porosity. The heat flow rate of layered specimens composed of different kind fabrics, which was calculated by the model from the contact resistance and the thermal conductivity of component fabrics, was in good agreement with measured values. The apparent thermal conductivity calculated by assuming the temperature difference between the specimen surfaces being the same with that between the heat sources showed an increasing tendency with increasing thickness.
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  • Morphological Observation of Partially Carboxymethylated Cotton Treated by Cellulase
    Minoru Yamada, Yoshihiko Amano, Kouichi Nozaki, Takahisa Kanda
    2005 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 48-54
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.48
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    In our previous paper, cotton fabrics which had been modified by carboxymethylation so as to have the degree of substitution of 0.02~0.16 were treated with a commercial cellulase preparation. The modification by carboxymethylation for cotton fabrics apparently inhibited weight loss activity and saccharification activity of cellulase. In this study, by scanning electron microscopy, we observed morphological changes of fiber surface of modified cotton fabrics treated with a commercial cellulase preparation. For unmodified cotton fabrics, deep bias cracks were produced and clear fibrillar layers appeared on the fiber surface by synergistic reaction of cellulase components. On the other hand, for cotton fabrics modified by carboxymethylation, we observed inhibition of catalytic reaction of some cellulase components, as a result of no deep cracks and no appearance of fibril layers on fibers. In addition, we confirmed, by measurements of FT-IR spectra and K/S values of fabrics dyed with a basic dye, that carboxymethyl groups in modified cotton fabrics remained even after treatment with cellulase. From these results, it is suggested that the change in the activity of each cellulase component on modified cotton can affect the synergistic action of cellulases, and consequently the morphology of fiber surface of modified cotton changes compared with unmodified cotton.
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  • Clothing Pressure and Wear Feeling at Under-bust Part on a Push-up Type Brassiere
    Harumi Morooka, Reiko Fukuda, Miyuki Nakahashi, Hideo Morooka, Hisae S ...
    2005 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 55-60
    Published: 2005
    Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.55
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study investigated the features and problems of push-up type brassieres by examining clothing pressure at the under-bust part while wearing a push-up type brassiere. It also investigated the relationship of clothing pressure and wear feeling (compressive feeling, comfort and satisfaction with the silhouette). The results obtained were as follows.
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