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Volume 41, Issue 12
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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HARUJI NOMURA1985 Volume 41 Issue 12 Pages P450-P455
Published: December 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TAKEJI HASHIMOTO1985 Volume 41 Issue 12 Pages P456-P467
Published: December 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KEISUKE KAJI1985 Volume 41 Issue 12 Pages P468-P476
Published: December 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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FIBER STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIESJiro Shimizu, Norimasa Okui, Shigeki Tamaki, Takeshi Kikutani, Akira T ...1985 Volume 41 Issue 12 Pages T513-T520
Published: December 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNylon-12 fibers have been produced by high speed melt spinning method in the range of take-up velocity 500-6, 000m/min. Physical properties of as-spun nylon 12 fibers depended on the passage of time after spinning, but they did not change so much as in the cases of nylon 6 and nylon 66. Birefringence (Δn) of the conditioned (in the atmosphere 25°C and 50% RH) fibers largely increased with take-up speed up to 2, 000m/min, and at above this take-up speed showed very small change. On the other hand, an increase in density (ρ) of the fibers started at the take-up speed of 3, 000m/min. The take-up speed dependence of Δn and ρ were similar to those for nylon 6 and nylon 66. Wide-angle x-ray pattern of the conditioned fibers showed pseudohexagonal form. On annealing the fibers at 150°C, the reflections became sharp but the α and the γ type crystal modifications did not obtained. The different orders of the (0k0) reflections yielded different values. Its difference became large with a decrease of take-up speed. This is caused by the fact that the dimension of the crystallites along the chain direction is very small. In fact, the crystal sizes along the chain axis of the fibers spun at speeds below 2, 000m/min were formed with less than two monomeric units. The crystal sizes, the degree of lattice perfection, and melting point all increased with an increase of take-up speed. Young's modulus, tenacity and yield stress showed maxima at a take-up speed of 5, 000m/min. This is explained in terms of the heterogeneity in the cross section of the filaments. This heterogeneity also caused the decrease of amorphous orientation and the development of lower melting peak.View full abstractDownload PDF (1091K) -
Toshitaka Kanai, Akira Funaki1985 Volume 41 Issue 12 Pages T521-T529
Published: December 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain the relationship between the theoretically analyzed results previously reported and experimental ones, melt behaviors upon T-die extrusion were experimentally obtained by varying resins and extrusion conditions.
As a result of the experiment, power-law index n was calculated by comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental ones. Applying the n-values and the resins theological data, melt behaviors between the die exit and the chill roll came to be able to be predicted, and it was found that LDPE having long chain branches was easily deformed near the die exit as compared with other resins. By comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental ones in various process conditions, a good agreement was obtained in the melt behaviors. The scale-up rule presented theoretically in the preceding report was successfully supported in an experimental way.View full abstractDownload PDF (573K) -
Atsuo Konda, Koichiro Toriumi, Tokuyoshi Nakajima1985 Volume 41 Issue 12 Pages T530-T538
Published: December 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is concerned with a skin-core structure in poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber drawn soon after immersion into hot water at 75-90°C. The drawing conditions for generating this structure are examined and the generating mechanism is explained in terms of the hot drawing mechanism reported by one of the authors. This skin-core structure is composed of two parts: one is the outer layer of low molecular orientation and the other is the inner part of high molecular orientation.
The birefringence of amorphous PET fibers upon hot drawing depends upon drawing temperature and rate. At higher temperature, their birefringence change with drawing is lower when the drawing rate is fixed. Moreover, their birefringence very little increases with drawing under the condition of “super drawing”.
On the other hand, the glass transition temperature of amorphous and unoriented PET fibers is 70°C and lowered by about 20°C by immersion into water, so that the birefringence of the specimens drawn in water is much smaller than those drawn in dry state at the same temperature. Therefore, the distribution of birefringence is developed by drawing of amorphous PET fibers having the distribution of water content. This is the reason why the birefringence is lower in the outer layer than in the inner part when the sample is drawn soon after immersion into hot water. Moreover, when the super-drawing takes place in the outer layer of the sample, but not in the inner part, a distinct layer structure is developed in the sample drawn to higher draw ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (2570K) -
Atsushi Tokida, Taeko Toda, Kazuo Maeda1985 Volume 41 Issue 12 Pages T539-T547
Published: December 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine the relationships between micropore radius and adsorption efficiency, removal of Total Particulate Matter (TPM), tar, water and semivolatiles in cigarette smoke by five kinds of activated carbon fibers (ACF) with micropore radii from 8 to 16 Å was measured. An ACF having wider micropores reduced TPM and tar effectively but, the water reduction was in opposition to this tendency. Molecular sieving effect was observed in AFC's having narrow micropores, while competitive effect due to the differences in the volatilities of smoke components was observed in those having wide micropores. AFC's having micropores wider than 10 Å had high adsorption abilities for semivolatiles, especially for components of boiling points between 100 and 200°C. The enhanced reduction for high boiling point components due to adsorption was detected in the last half of smoking.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Tomiji Wakida, Tetsuya Sato, Liyuan Han, Kyung Hwan Kim, Chizuko Doi1985 Volume 41 Issue 12 Pages T548-T554
Published: December 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to improve the handling and the luster of textile fabric, various kinds of calender have been used for textile finishing. In this study, dyed cotton satin was finished with Schreiner calender, and specular gloss, contrast gloss and Jeffries gloss were measured on the basis of the light reflection on the fabric. Jeffries gloss increased much more when twisting direction of floating threads over-lapped with that of the channels of Schreiner calender. While light reflection in parallel to the twist decreased much more by Schreiner calendering, vertical reflection to the twist increased remarkably.
As it seems that change of the light reflection on the fabric takes place a color deviation for the dyed fabric, goniophotometric color measurement was carried out for original and Schreiner calendered fabric. Spectral reflectance was measured in various angle of fabric rotation. Light reflectance, K/S value, lightness and excitation purity changed apparently depending on the fabric angle, in particular for Schreiner calendered fabric.
Furthermore glossy color paper, which has not an assembly structure such as a fabric, was finished in the same way with Schreiner calender and investigated in model the effect of the channels on the light reflection and the color.View full abstractDownload PDF (1730K)
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