Sen'i Gakkaishi

PREPARATION OF ACETATE RAYON BY THE ACETYLATION OF VISCOSE RA YON WITH ACETIC ANHYDRIDE VAPOR

(XV). ON THE PENETRATION OF CATALYZER SOLUTIONS INTO FIBER

Ichiro Sakurada, Yasuyoshi Sakaguchi

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 597-600
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_597

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Pretreatment of viscose rayon with solutions of sulphuric acid was investigated. At lower concentration sulphuric acid is selectively absorbed from aquous solutions by fiber. Below a certain degree of concentration of sulphuric acid, its concentration and time of pretreatment have a great influence on the rate of acetylation. When methanol, methyl acetate or ethyl acetate is used as a solvent acetylation proceeds as rapidly as with water, but fibers are damaged considerably.

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PREPARATION OF ACETATE RAYON BY THE ACETYLATION OF VISCOSE RA YON WITH ACETIC ANHYDRIDE VAPOR

(XVI) REPLACEMENT OF LIQUIDS CONTAINED IN FIBER WITH VARIOUS

Ichiro Sakurada, Yasuyoshi Sakaguchi

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 600-603
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_600

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At the replacement of water contained in fiber with acetic anhydride vapor, the rate and ratio of the replacement are scarecely affected by inner structure of fibers so long as they are consisted of cellulose. The replacement ratio is affected by the nature of the contained liquids, the vapors, liquid content and the temperature. In acetylated fibers, the ratio varies with acetylation degree. It seems that a correlation exists between the ratio and affinity of vapors for fibers.

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STUDIES ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF FIBER QUALITIES BY AFTER TREATMENT

(V). ON THE INCORPORATION OF ACRYLATE RESINS INTO SILK FIBER IN GASEOUS MEDIUM

Hiroshi Sobue, Kei Matsuzaki, Kenkichi Murakami, Y. T. Chi

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 604-606
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_604

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This paper deals with the results of intra-treatment of silk fiber to improve its principal defects using acrylate resin monomers such as ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate etc. in gaseous medium, and the results are compared with that treated by trimethylol melamine solution.
A new equipment to minimize the loss of monomer was devised, and after soaping all treated samples to remove surface resin, the physical and chemical qualities were examined.
We knew the acrylate resin is useful to improve the quality of silk fibers. Its strength increases and the resistance to ultra-violet light is good.

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STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF WOOL

(I). ACTION OF HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE ON SCOURED WOOL

Masami Oku, Itaru Shimizu

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 607-612
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_607

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To improve the native properties of wool, active formaldehyde liberated from the acidic solution of hexamethylene tetramine was used in nascendi as an effective formalizing reagent of scoured wool. The best condition for the formalization was found to treat the wool with 0.6-1.0% hexamrnethylene tetramine solution, acidified with acetic acid in amount of 1.5 times more than theoretical, at 90°C for 45 minutes (bath ratio 1:100). By this treatment, alkali solubility (untreated 12.3%, treated 1.5%), alkali dissolution velocity, shrinkage control and elastic recovery were greatly improved. But by this modification, resistance to acidic solutions was found to be less improved. The cause of the above modification might exist in the formation of many new methylene cross linkages between the polypeptide chains of keratin molecules, as it has been shown by other previous studies.

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STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF WOOL

(II) ACTION OF HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE ON GREASY WOOL AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE MODIFIED RESULTS OF SCOURED AND CARBONIZED WOOL

Masami Oku, Itaru Shimizu

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 612-615
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_612

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For the purpose of modification of greasy wool in advance of scouring and carbonization respectively, formalization of greasy wool with acidic solutions of hesamethylene tetramine (HMTA) with nonionic surfactant was carried out. The results obtained may be summarized as follows.
(1) Formalization of greasy wool took place even at temperature as low as 35°C, when nonionic surfactant leas added to the HMTA acidic solution.
(2) Greasy wool was remarkahly modified, becoming alkali resistant and at the same time almost degreased, when subjected to formalization with acidic HMTA solution containing nonionic surfactant.
(3) Damages of wool by carbonization with sulfuric acid diminished remarkably when it was subjected to formalization with HMTA before carbonization.
(4) Anionic surfactant showed no marked progress in improving the above mentioned modification results even though used with acidic HMTA solution.

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THE POOR ACCESSIBILITY OF VINYLON FIBERS (4)

Jiro Takahashi, Rihei Tanaka

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 616-618
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_616

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When the spinning solution of polyvinyl-alcohol was dyed with ice colors, the concentration higher than 1.5% of the Naphthol AS was found to coagulate the polyvinyl-alcohol solution. The developing was carried out in the alcohol bath since polyvinyl-alcohol fiber is dissolved in the aqueous bath. In this case 70% alcohol bath was advisable.

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RESEARCH ON THE CREASE RESISTANCE OF CLOTH

III. CREASE RESISTANCE OF THE CLOTHES OF VARIOUS STRUCTURES

Sakio Ikeda, Saburo Okajima

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 618-624
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_618

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29 samples of the clothes of various structures were made with the same cotton yarn, keeping the yarn density constant. The crease resistances of these samples were compared, and a simple empirical relation was found between l and the structure in the cases of the comparatively simpler structures.

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ELECTRIC-INDUCTANCE GAUGE TYPE TEXTILE TESTER

Kinzo Ishikawa, Iwao Matsumoto

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 625-629
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_625

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An apparatus for measuring the load-deformation properties of textiles (fiber, yarn, fabrics) is described.
The apparatus is mainly constructed by electric-inductance gauge in which the reluctance of the magnetic circuit is varied by changing the air gap.
Several results obtained with this equipment are shown to illustrate its application.

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THE DECOMPOSITION OF SILK FIBROIN BY SUNLIGHT

(II) ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF TRYPTOPHANE IN FIBROIN

Susumu Okamoto, Toshizo Kimura

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 629-631
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_629

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Successive decrease of tryptophane contents in silk fibroin was observed when the refined silk was exposed to the sun. As the content of tryptophane in fibroin is only 0.6 per cent, its influence upon the destruction of silk by sunlight might be negligible, but upon the browning of silk by sunlight is conceivable because the change of tryptophane might be one of the most valid factors of discolouration. In the none-crystalline parts of fibroin, however, the decrease of the tryptophane contents was not contineous. Further consideration are given to this point, and to the relation between tryptophane and other indole-compounds which are changed from tyrosine photochemically.

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STUDIES ON THE ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF THE DYES

(II) ON THE CHANGE OF COLOR OF DIAMINE BLUE 3R

Yoshiji Ishii

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 632-636
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_632

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It is observed that the color on the fabrics dyed with Diamine Blue 3R changes by the treatment of hot ironing. On the aqueous solution, the like change of the color by adding sodium chloride, by increasing or decreasing the pH value, can be explaind by displacement of the maximum wave length from 552mμ to 520_??_530mμ on the absorption curve of this dye. The maximum wave length of the absorption curve in the visible region of the viscose film dyed with the same, is shifted toward the longer wave length at the dry state, namely, from 552mμ to 572mμ, and it found to increase the absorption at the wave length of 620_??_630mμ by wetting of the film. By ironing the film, the latter absorption ceases and consequently the color change is observed. It is concluded that this new absorption can not be attributed to aggregation of the dye ions, but can be explained by particular interaction between dye ions and cellulose molecules.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1954Volume 10Issue 12 Pages 637-641
Published: December 10, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.10.12_637

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