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Volume 40, Issue 1
Displaying 1-50 of 71 articles from this issue
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Takuma Jinda, Masaru Noyori, Toshikazu Matsuda1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages T1-T6
Published: January 10, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRandom copolyarylates containing about 80 mole% ρ-benzoate were synthesized by melt polymerization, using 4, 4′-diacetoxydiphenyl, 3, 4′- or 4, 4′-oxydibenzoic acid (mp or pp) and isoor terephthalic acid as comonomers. They formed optically anisotropic melts without thermal decomposition. The enthalpies of fusion (ΔH) estimated by DSC measurement showed higher values for the copolymers containing either mp or pp as a sole dibasic acid component and decreased with increasing the content of iso- or terephthalic acid in the copolymers. These copolymers were melt-spun and heat-treated under vacuum for several hours to yield high-strength and high-modulus fibers (tenacity 15_??_25g/d, initial modulus 500_??_800g/d). Tenacities of these fibers retained at elevated temperatures were not necessarily related to ΔH of the copolymers and fairly inferior to that of Kevlar®, but their flex fatigue endurances were somewhat superior.View full abstractDownload PDF (870K) -
[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P3
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P4
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P5
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P6
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P7
Published: January 10, 1984
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Kiyohisa Takahashi, Masaki Kimura, Kazuhisa Harakawa, Kikuo Ban, Tetsu ...1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages T7-T12
Published: January 10, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analytical procedure to predict the effective stress-strain relations of FRP laminates is developed, based on the stress analysis of unidirectional FRP reported in a previous paper1). The laminate is considered to consist of N plies of unidirectional FRP. Each ply is composed of continuous, transversely isotropic fibers and an isotropic matrix. The stress components in the thickness direction of the laminate are assumed to vanish. The quadratic failure criterion proposed by Tsai and Wu2) is applied to each ply, and the external stress σiB at which i-th ply fails is estimated (i=1_??_N). The ply which has the minimum value of σiB is considered to fail at first. Once any one of the plies has failed, the effective modulus of the laminate is again calculated taking into account the elastic degradation of the failed ply. This procedure is repeated until all plies have failed. Numerical calculations were conducted on a carbon/glass hybrid FRP laminate subjected to uniaxial tension or compression. Calculated results were compared with experimental data obtained for carbon/glass hybrid FRP-FW pipes, and the availability of the proposed analysis was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P8
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P9-P10
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P11
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P12
Published: January 10, 1984
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Akira Takaku, Masatoshi Shioya, Jiro Shimizu1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages T13-T19
Published: January 10, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn equation which describes the effective tensile strength of fibers in a composite strand has been obtained from the consideration on a failure model assuming statistical accumulation of fiber fractures in a matrix with increasing load until a sufficient number of fractures occur at some crosssectional region of the strand. It is assumed that when a fiber in the composite strand breaks by increasing the load, a transmission of the stress along the fiber is to be intermitted by an ineffective length in the vicinity of the fracture point. The fibers in the composite strand are treated assuming a statistical strength distribution. It is also postulated that when a certain fiber in the composite strand breaks at a weak point of the fiber, some other fibers neighboring the fracture point break simultaneously and a total of k fibers break at the same time. The ineffective fiber length δ and the effective tensile strength σc, b of the fibers in the composite strand are given as and where α and σo are Weibull parameters of the tensile strength of single fibers, τb is the interface shear strength, Vf is the fiber volume fraction, Rf is the fiber radius, υm is the Poisson ratio of matrix, and Ef and Em are the tensile moduli of fiber and matrix, respectively. The value of k was evaluated from the experimental results for the carbon fiber composite strands comprising a series of matrix resins, the tensile modulus of which ranges from about 10MN/m2 to about 1, 000MN/m2. The value of k changed systematically and increased from k_??_1 to k_??_20 with increasing tensile modulus of matrix resin, Em. The change of the σc, b of carbon fibers with Em, which was observed experimentally, was rather small. The increase in Em decreases δ, and this should increase σc, b. By increasing Em, however, the carbon fibers in the composite strand become to be fractured into a micro-bundle, and this should decrease σc, b. It is considered that the change of the σc, b of carbon fibers with Em is virtually determined by these two, mutually opposed factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (538K) -
[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P13
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P14
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P15
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P16-P17
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P18
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P19
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P20
Published: January 10, 1984
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Yuzo Yamamoto, Yasushi Saito, Shigetake Kinoshita, Nobuko Nakajima, Ts ...1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages T20-T26
Published: January 10, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thermal shrinkage of the acid insoluble collagen fibers from rat-tail tendon occurred mainly on account of tropocollagens. The shrinkage coefficients of collagen sample length approximately agreed with those of the long periods which were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. The structural change took place from the elementary to the higher level of the tendon hierarchy with increasing temperature. The thermal shrinkage is divided into the following three regions. Region 1 (room temperature-60°C): after the tropocollagen molecules shrink during heating, the shrinkage reversibly recovers during cooling. Region 2 (60-160°C): the microconformation of peptide group is distorted, thus, the conformation of the tropocollagen is slightly distorted. However, the slightly distorted structure is returned to the original when the water loss during heating is recovered, Region 3 (above 160°C): the tropocollagen molecules can no longer form the triple-helix, and the microfibrils are separated into bundles consisting of several microfibrils. However, the regularity of the long period formed by the microfibril is still maintained since the cross-linkage between tropocollagen molecules have not yet broken.View full abstractDownload PDF (1207K) -
[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P21
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P22
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P23
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P24
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P25
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P26
Published: January 10, 1984
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Masaru Mitsuishi, Hisao Maruyama, Koichi Noda, Tsutomu Ishiwatari1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages T27-T36
Published: January 10, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diffusion profiles of binary mixtures of Orange II or Roccelline and one of sodium 1-amino-4-alkylaminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonates (blue dyes, n-alkyl=methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl) in nylon film-rolls were determined at pH3 and 90°C. Four types of diffusion profiles were found, i.e., so-called sigmoid, box, overdyeing-types, and a profile characteristic to blocking phenomena, which was named desorption type. The last one was characterized by the presence of a peak at an inner layer, which was first found here for the diffusion of binary mixtures into nylon. The reasons for the differences in the profiles were discussed based on the affinity of the dyes for nylon, the diffusion coefficient, and the concentration of the dyes in the bath. The diffusion coefficients of blue dyes were determined by means of mixture diffusion procedures with Orange II as reference.
The coefficient decreased with an increase in dye molecular weight, or in the affinity of the dye for nylon. The compability factor of two dyes of selected combination was discussed also based on the dye affinity and diffusion coefficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (677K) -
[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P27
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P28
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P29
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P30
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P31
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P32
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P33
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P34
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P35
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P36
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P37
Published: January 10, 1984
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Masaru Mitsuishi, Ikuko Hirose, Takako Izumi, Toshiyuki Yagi, Tsutomu ...1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages T37-T43
Published: January 10, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mean activity coefficients of sodium 4′-dipentylaminoazobenzene-4-sulfonate (pentyl orange, PeO) and sodium 4′-dihexylaminoazobenzene-4-sulfonate (hexyl orange, HeO) in aqueous solutions having the concentrations from 10-3 to 10-2 mol kg-1 have been determined by means of isopiestic measurements at 60°C. It has been found that the coefficient of HeO is much smaller than that of PeO, both being much smaller than unity. The coefficients are strongly influenced by the hydrophobic groups in the dye molecules. On the basis of spectrophotometric and conductometric studies, it has been concluded that PeO and HeO exist in the aggregates with their counter ions, Na+, being bound, in aqueous solution at a temperature as high as 60°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P38-P39
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P40
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P41
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P42
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P43
Published: January 10, 1984
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Akira Nakayama, Katsuhiko Inagaki1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages T44-T52
Published: January 10, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to study the method to evaluate the bending behavior of cloths measured by the cantilever method.
The results are as follows:
(1) To evaluate the bending rigidity of cloths, the general analytical method was proposed for the bending behavior of inhomogeneous cloths composed of a lot of parts having different bending rigidities. The method is to analyze the bending behavior of the largely deflecting cantilever by the area-moment method. The bending behavior of the beam was analyzed as follows:
At first, the area-moment acting on the horizontally placed beam was calculated, and with the moment, the deflection curve of the beam was calculated. Next, the area-moment acting on the beam in a deflecting position was calculated, and with the moment, another deflection curve was calculated in the same way. By repeating these procedures, the converged deflection curve was obtained.
This paper shows that the actual successive approximation can be made easily by the microcomputer.
(2) In the next stage, the bending rigidity of homogeneous cloths was calculated as a particular solution of analysis of inhomogeneous cloths, and its validity was examined by comparing the measured values obtained above with the conventionally evaluated values. As a result, our method was proved to be more useful than the conventional method because the bending rigidity proposed here was obtained as a constant value in every deflecting state.
(3) On the basis of the values measured as mentioned above, various commercial cloths were examined to see if they can be treated as homogeneous materials. As a result, it was confirmed that the cloths generally available on the market could not always be treated as homogeneous materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (624K) -
[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P44
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P45
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P46
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P47
Published: January 10, 1984
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages P48
Published: January 10, 1984
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