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Volume 49, Issue 12
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Keisuke Morita, Toru Masuko1993 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 609-615
Published: December 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsothermal crystallization kinetics from the mesomorphic state of poly [bis(4-methylphenoxy) phosphazene] (PB4MPP) have been studied by a depolarized light intensity (DLI) technique. Before crystallization, the films of PB4MPP were annealed at programmed temperatures (Tf) above its meso/crystalline phase transition temperature (156.2°C). The observed radial growth rate (G) of PB4MPP spherulite and overall-rate constant (_??_) observed for the film increased with increasing Tf. Avrami exponent (n) of the PB4MPP film crystallized from the mesophase was estimated to be 4 irrespective of various Tfs. This result indicates that the mechanism of PB4MPP spherulitic crystallization from the mesophase is independent of Tf. The interfacial surface free energy term (σσe) for this polymer was estimated in terms of n and _??_. With an increase in Tf, the value of σσe decreased, though the DLI in the mesophase increased monotonically. Thus, raising Tf provides more regularly aligned PB4MPP molecules in the pseudohexagonal state, so that secondary nucleation is induced easily; finally both G and _??_ in. crease with an increase in Tf.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Hirosuke Watanabe, Hirohisa Shimizu, Tadahiko Takata1993 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 616-620
Published: December 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExcimer laser irradiation was applied to aramid fibers (PPODPTA fiber, PPTA fiber), A micro-structure of unevenness was formed, perpendicular to the fiber axis, and this structure became larger with the laser wavelength. Even in undrawn fiber, a slight structure of unevenness was formed perpendicular to the fiber axis, just as in drawn fiber. This was thought to be due to the high orientation of undrawn aramid fiber. It was found by XPS analysis that the atomic ratio of O/C in the PPODPTA fiber declines and the ratio of oxygen present is lower. For PPTA fiber, however, this ratio showed almost no change and stayed at a set value. It is considered that the difference in the above results is caused by the difference in chemical structures between PPODPTA fiber and PPTA fiber (difference in the bond energy of the ether and amide bond).View full abstractDownload PDF (2297K) -
Yutaka Kawahara1993 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 621-627
Published: December 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fiber structure of domestic (Bombyx mori) and wild (Antheraea pernyi, Antheraea assama and Anteraea yamamai) silk fibers was investigated by measuring X-ray diffraction of tin-treated specimens of these silk fibers. The wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that when the fraction of stannic acid gel (SnO2•H20) in fiber exceeded 10%, crystallites in the fiber became destroyed. While the small angle X-ray scattering analysis sug-gested that more stannic acid gel was fixed in microvoids of the domestic fiber than in those of the wild silk fibers. It was also suggested that there were more gel particles which were unablc to be detected by means of the small angle X-ray scattering in the wild silk fibers that in the domestic silk fiber. These particles were considered to be fixed in space surrounded by fibrils; the fibrils would be separated with more space in the former.View full abstractDownload PDF (1854K) -
Tooru Taga1993 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 628-633
Published: December 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcrylonitrile (AN) and vinyl acetate (VAc), respectively, were grafted onto viscose rayon (MW=5.0×104) in vapor phase by using potassium persulphate as an initiator. Each graft product was refluxed in 10% aq NaOH for 2hr to yield the viscous solutions. The alkaline solution from the AN graft product was dialyzed for 100hr against running water by the use of cellophane tube as semipermeable membrane to yield the transparent dialyzate solution. The solution from the VAc graft product was neutralized and then dialyzed under the same conditions to produce the transparent dialyzate solution. IR spectra of the solutes of the dialyzate showed characteristic absorptions of both cellulose molecule and the hydrolyzed graft chains. Huggins constant determined for the water-soluble dialyzate from the VAc graft product was about six times that of the PVA sample obtained by hydrolyzing the trunk cellulose molecules. From these results, it may be concluded that water-soluble cellulose graft copolymers could be obtained by grafting hydrophylic vinyl monomers onto cellulose.View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Hiroko Yoshida, Mitsuhiko Hida1993 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 634-641
Published: December 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTransfers of dyes into micelles of anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactants from water have been investigated by means of spectroscopy. The dyes used were ortho or para hydroxy-2-styrylbenzo |a| quinolizium salts |A (OH), B (OH)| and B (OH) with methyl radical |C (OH)| and their phenolate derivatives | A (O-), B (O-), and C (O-)| and 4-nitrophenole (NPh), 4-nitroaniline (NA) and N, N-dimethyl-4-nitroaniline (NMA), The dyes of A (OH), B (OH), and C (OH) and NPh were not transfered into micelles of these three surfactants from water. The dyes of phenolate from, A (O-), B (O-), and C (O-), NA and NMA, could not be incorporated into the anionic surfactant micelles, but were incorporated into cationic and nonionic surfactant micelles. The equilibrium constants of these surfactant micelles were close to each other, and were in the order of NMA>NA>C (O-)>A (O-)_??_B (O-). The polarity of the inside of micelles was estimated on basis of the spectral shifts of the dyes.View full abstractDownload PDF (426K) -
Limin Bao, Masayuki Takatera, Akira Shinohara1993 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 642-647
Published: December 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between the dynamic and static flexural rigidities of fabrics was discussed. The dynamic rigidity was measured by a vibrating-reed method, and the static one by a KES pure bending test. The static flexural rigidity was found to be several times as large as the dynamic one. The maximum curvature of the vibration strip of a fabric was calculated from the measured displacement and the value at a fixed point was used for the comparison of the flexural rigidity. The maximun curvature was very small and corresponded to the initial curve region in the KES test. The mean rigidity of a fabric in the cyclic bending process within a small curvature range was estimated with the aid of a model hysteresis curve. The estimated rigidity decreased with increase in the maximum curvature, and was well in qualitative correlation but not in quantitative agreement with the measured dynamic rigidity. The actual mean curvature was smaller than the estimated value, the reason of which was attributed to the fact that the maximun curvature was distributed along the longitudinal direction on the vibrating strip.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
Yoko Yamaguchi, Masuzo Nagayama1993 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 648-653
Published: December 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe soil release in finishing treatments of dry cleaning was measured for the soiling of fabrics with natural facial soil and with floating soil in the outdoors, The soil release property after silicone treatments was compared with those after practical treatments used in dry cleaning, such as softening, sizing and water proofing finish based on the evaluation of sensory properties with Scheffe's paired t-test and the measurement of reflection factor for soiling. Treatment of wool fabric with epoxy-functional silicone showed a good effect on the protection of fabric from soil as well as the release of soil from the fabric. The superior soil release properties of the silicone treatments and the water proofing finish were demonstrated to be derived from the high quality of water repellence and oil repellence of fabric surface for the facial soiled cloth. The improvement of the soil release property of fabric against the floating soil by water proofing finish and softening showed a good correlation with the surface smoothness and the anti-electrostatic property of the fabric.View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
Ryo Oono1993 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 654-657
Published: December 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe temperature rise of high density polyethylene films during necking was measured with a thermocouple and the generated heat was estimated. The fractions of mechanical work converted into heat were estimated to be 60-86% from the temperatures immediately after necking, and to be 67-90% from the maximum temperatures. Real films showed the fractions lower than 75% because of heat loss and of the formation of new surfaces like cracks. The fraction of heat conversion depended on film thickness, and thin films showed the higher values because of those larger neck propagation speeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (1023K) -
Kenji Ikushima, Ichiro Okura, Tadayoshi Sekiya, Shigeki Oku, Ikuo Yash ...1993 Volume 49 Issue 12 Pages 658-660
Published: December 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe polymer films, containg the cyclodextrin-including anti-bacterium agents such as benzoic acid and potassium sorbate were prepared. These films were more effective than the films prepared without cyclodextrin for the bacterium, Proteus vulgaris B87-P01 and Escherichia coli B87-E01.View full abstractDownload PDF (931K)
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