Sen'i Gakkaishi

Protease Immobilization onto Poly (γ-methyl-D-glutamate) Fibers

Kazuyuki Jokei, Masakazu Furuta, Masahito Oka, Toshio Hayashi

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 166-171
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_166

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Water-insoluble protease, such as papain or ficin, was fixed by covalent bond onto the surface of poly (γ-methyl-D-glutamate) [PMDG] fibers, and the relative activity and the stability of the immobilized protease were investigated. The retained activity of protease covalently immobilized onto PMDG fibers was found to be excellent toward a small ester substrate, N-benzyl-L-arginine ethyl ester [BAEE]. The values of the Michaelis constant (K_m) and the maximum reaction velocity (V_m) for free and the immobilized protease onto the PMDG fibers were estimated. The apparent K_m was larger for immobilized protease than for the free enzyme, while V_m was smaller for the immobilied protease. The thermal stability of the covalently immobilized protease was higher than that of the free one. The initial enzymatic activity of the covalently immobilized protease remained approximately unchanged with storage time, when the batch enzyme reaction was performed repeatedly, indicating the excellent durability.

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Synthesis of Sulfated Acetamido Group-Containing Copolyribose by Selective Ring-Opening Polymerization and Chemical Modifications

Gereltu Borjihan, Kaname Katsuraya, Toshiyuki Uryu

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 172-178
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_172

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Synthesis and sulfation of an acetamido group-containing copolyribose was carried out by a five-step synthetic route. Firstly, selective ring-opening copolymerization of 1, 4-anhydro-3-azido-2-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS)-3-deoxy-α-D-ribopyranose (A3ASR) and 1, 4-anhydro-2, 3-di-O-TBDMS-α-D-ribopyranose (ADSR) with BF₃•OEt₂ as a catalyst at low temperature produced an azido group-containing copolyribose, i.e., poly [ 3-azido-2-O-TBDMS-3-deoxy-(1→5)-α-ribofuranose-co-2, 3-di-O-TBDMS-(1→5)-α-ribofuranose] [copoly (A3ASR)]. The number-average molecular weight (_??__n) of the azido group-containing copolyriboses was in a range of 1.17×10⁴ to 2.96×10⁴. The specific rotation ([α]²⁰_D) increased from +117° to +204° as the mole fractions (%) of azido group-containing units (A3ASR) in the copolymers decreased from 83% to 16%. The reactivity ratios of A3ASR (r₁=0.42) and ADSR (r₂=1.16) in the ring-opening copolymerizations were estimated according to the Kelen-Tudos method.
Then, the azido group in a copoly (3A3ASR-ADSR) (_??__n of 1.11×10⁴ and [α] ²⁰_D of +141.6°) was reduced into amino group with NaBH4 in a mixture of THF-ethanol to afford an amino group-containing copolymer, i.e., poly [3-amino-2-O-TBDMS-3-deoxy-(1→5)-α-ribofuranose-co-2, 3-di-O-TBDMS-(1→5)-α-ribofuranose] [copoly (AAmSR-ADSR)], and subsequent acetylation of the amino group with acetyl chloride gave an intermediate acetamido group-containing copolymer, i.e., poly [ 3-acetamido-2-O-TBDMS-3-deoxy-(1→5)-α-ribofuranose-co-2, 3-di-O-TBDMS-(1→5)-α-ribofuranose] [copoly (A3AAdSR-ADSR)], and then de-t-butyldimethylsilylation of the copolymer produced a water-soluble acetamido group-containing copolyribose, i.e., poly [ 3-acetamido-3-deoxy-(1→5)-α-ribofuranose-co-(1→5)-α-ribofuranose] [copoly (A3AAdR-R)] with _??__n of 8.63×10³ and [α]²⁰_D of +141.0°.
Finally, sulfation of the acetamido group-containing copolyribose [copoly (A3AAdR-R)] with a sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and pyridine produced a sulfated acetamido group-containing copolyribose [copoly (SA3AAdR-SR)] with _??__n of 10.68×10³ and [α] ²⁰_D of + 84.9°. The structures of acetamido group-containing copolymer and its sulfate were determined by ¹³C NMR. The degree of sulfation (DS=1.2) was measured by elemental analysis.

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Gelation and Gel Structure of Cellulose/aqueous Calcium Thiocyanate Solution System

Makiko Hattori, Yoshihiko Shimaya, Masatoshi Saito, Kunihiko Okajima

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 179-186
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_179

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The gelation conditions of cellulose/aqueous calcium thiocyanate solution system were determined by temperature jump method and the structure of the gel was analyzed by DSC and R-ray measurements. The time necessary to occurring gelation was shorter for the higher molecular weight sample, the solution with higher concentration, and at lower temperature. For the all solutions, cloud point was observed before occurring gelation, suggesting that the gelation was induced by Liquid-liquid two phase separation. The heat to formation of l mol of network junctions in the gel and the mean molecular weight of the chain adjoining adjacent crosslinks were estimated from melting point determined by ball drop method and the heat of fusion by DSC. The X-ray diffraction curve indicated that the gel is almost amorphous.

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The Characteristics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Dyeing of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) Fibers

Hirosuke Watanabe, Saori Aoyama, Togi Suzuki, Nicholas Welton, Volker ...

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 187-193
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_187

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Extensive research on the application of supercritical CO₂ dyeing (SFD) was carried out, using the commercially available filament PET yarns, with various degrees of polymerization and microstructure, in comparison with the conventional method of dyeing. After dyeing with disperse blue dyestuff (C. I. Disperse blue 60), the fibers were examined. For the SFD method, the measured value of color deepness (K/S) indicated that the higher crystallinity fiber was dyed in deeper color. This phenomenon was contradictory to the accepted theory ln dyeing. Microscopic observation of the fiber cross sectlon and measurement of dyestuff uptake into fiber, indicated that the SFD produced a deeper color. Also by the SFD, the PET with low molecular weight and/or small optical birefringence value showed high dyestuff uptake. However, by conventional dyeing, the dyestuff uptake was almost constant at any molecular weight and optical birefringence value.

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Characterization of Cellulose Fibers Extracted from Water Plants, Elodea Nuttallii

Yutaka Kawahara

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 194-196
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_194

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Cellulose fibers were extracted from water plants, Elodea Nuttallii, and the structure of the fibers and the anisotropic texture of the regenerated cellulose films were investigated. Wide-angle X-ray powder diffractions revealed that the coarse fibers extracted showed crystal structure of cellulose I_β and the crystallinity of the fibers was 36.0%. The coarse fibers were refined by the treatment with 17.5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and were dissolved in LiCl/ dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution. The cotton cellulose/LiCl/DMAc solution were prepared for comparison. The texture of the regenerated film for the refined cellulose of the water plants obtained by heating a drop of the solution on a cover glass showed extremely small anisotropic domains as compared with the regenerated cotton cellulose film.

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Influence of Substituent Distribution Along a Cellulose Chain on Enzymatic Degradation of Methylcellulose

Atsushi Ishizu, Arifumi Nishimura, Yuji Matsumoto, Gyousuke Meshitsuka

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 197-200
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_197

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A commercially available methylcellulose (DS 1.9) was treated with cellulase, and the reaction mixture was subjected to gel-filtration. The eluate was divided into four fractions, and each fraction was subjected to a sugar analysis to see compositions of partially methylated sugars and its degree of substitution. Methylcellulose synthesized with methyl iodide in a nonaqueous cellulose solvent (DS 1.6) was also subjected to the same analysis. As a result of the sugar analysis, a higher molecular weight fraction gave a higher DS value, indicating that higher DS regions in methylcellulose are less degraded by cellulase than lower DS regions. Comparison of these two methylcellulose samples revealed that the substituent distribution along a cellulose chain of synthesized methylcellulose is more heterogeneous than that of commercial methylcellulose.

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The Present Situation and Development for Enzyme Application in the Textile Industry

TADASHI SATO

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages P115-P119
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_P115

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Application of Phospholipid and Its Analogs to Textile Dyeing and Finishing

TORU TAKAGISHI

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages P120-P125
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_P120

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Biotechnological Processing of Textiles: Refinement of Cotton Fiber Using Protopectin-solubilizing Enayme

TATSUJI SAKAMOTO

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages P127-P131
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_P127

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Changes in Dyeability and Mechanical Property of Cellulose Fibers Subjected to Cellulase Treatment

TOSHIO HAGA

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages P132-P135
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_P132

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Biodegradation of Synthetic Dyes for Environment Cleaning

CHIZUKO YATOME

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages P136-P140
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_P136

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages P141
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_P141

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1999 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages P142
Published: April 10, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.4_P142

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