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Volume 64, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Special Issue
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
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Tooru KOBAYASHI2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 1-12
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSAn outline of the background, aim and constitution of the special issue is given. Then, based on the experience more than 40 years for the research & development of the radiological physics & engineering of BNCT, the history, theory and characteristics of BNCT are shown. Additionally, the situation of BNCT standing at the great turning point, and the future of BNCT itself are reported. Simply because it is now to shift from nuclear reactor to accelerator BNCT system, it has stood in the recognition of the indispensability to explain not only advantages of BNCT but also the weak points such as the secondary carcinogenicity positively.View full abstractDownload PDF (10991K) -
Tooru KOBAYASHI2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 13-28
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSBased on experiences of the BNCT research & development related to the radiological physics & engineering for more than 40years, an outline is reported about following matters, which are (1) the development of reactor BNCT irradiation system (2) the status of the development of accelerator BNCT irradiation system which is indispensable for future BNCT, (3) next-generation accelerator BNCT irradiation system, (4) the importance of the collaborative relationship between BNCT research field. It was explained from the same recognition mentioned in the preface of this special issue.View full abstractDownload PDF (10970K) -
Hiroki TANAKA2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 29-36
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe intense epithermal neutron source and boron compounds are needed for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy(BNCT). In 1951, the first clinical study of BNCT was performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Over 1000number of clinical studies have been performed in the world. However, some of research reactors have stopped the operation because of the operating life. Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute in Japan and Tsing Hua University in Taiwan are strongly performing the clinical studies of BNCT.
The studies about accelerator based neutron source have been promoted in the world from 1980s. However, the actual equipment of accelerator based neutron source did not established because of the lack of the output beam current from accelerator and the issue of target strength. Therefore, Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute and Sumitomo Heavy Industries started the research collaboration about accelerator based neutron source on March 2007. Cyclotron based epithermal neutron source(C-BENS) was successfully established using the reaction between protons with the energy of 30MeV and beryllium target. In this paper, the detail of C-BENS and current status of accelerator based neutron source in Japan are reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (5190K) -
Hiroaki KUMADA2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 37-46
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSFor the dose estimation in BNCT, Boron dose generated by the 10B reaction with neutron should be determined. Additionally, the incidental doses consisted of Nitrogen dose, Neutron dose by (n, n) reaction and γ-ray dose are also required to estimate it. Dose estimation using Monte-Carlo method is needed to BNCT dosimetry due to complication of neutron behaviors in the living body. Thus Monte-Carlo transport calculation engine has been employed to the treatment planning system of BNCT by use of computational dosimetry from the beginning stage of the development.View full abstractDownload PDF (7092K) -
Historical Development and Current Status of Boron Delivery Agents for Boron Neutron Capture TherapyHiroyuki NAKAMURA2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 47-58
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSBoron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) is based on the nuclear reaction of two essentially nontoxic species, boron-10(10B) and thermal neutrons, that yields very high linear energy transfer(LET) particles, α-particles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei, with a limited path length(5 - 9μm) in tissue so that their destructive effects are limited to boron containing cells. Two boron compounds, sodium mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate(BSH) and p-boronophenylalanine(BPA), have been clinically utilized for the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors, malignant melanoma, and head and neck cancer. Recently, BNCT has been applied a wide variety of cancers including lung cancer, hepatoma, chest wall cancer, and mesothelioma. Therefore, the development of boron delivery agents for BNCT is an ongoing task that constitutes a crucial issue for the effective application of this therapeutic technology. In the last decade, boron carrier development has taken two directions:small boron molecules and boron-conjugated biological complexes. Unlike approaches using pharmaceuticals, boron carriers require high tumor selectivity and should be essentially non-toxic. In this review, the historical development and current status of boron delivery agents are summarized.View full abstractDownload PDF (7754K) -
SUZUKI Minoru2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 59-66
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT), reactor-derived neutron beams have been used since the start of the treatment. Recently, a compact sized accelerator based BNCT(AB-BNCT) system was successfully constructed in our institute. Since the AB-BNCT system will be placed in many existing hospitals, the system will treat more patients with BNCT compared with reactor-based BNCT. For expanding indications for BNCT, a lot of investigations from various viewpoints such as usage of AB-BNCT system or development of new boron compounds should be promoted.View full abstractDownload PDF (5586K) -
Shin-ichiro MASUNAGA2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 67-77
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe principle of definitive radiotherapy is to control local lesions with the doses up to the tolerant doses of irradiated normal tissues within radiation fields. When the therapeutic ratio is more than one, lesions can be controlled without inducing adverse effects in normal tissues. However, when it is less than one, lesions cannot be controlled with radiotherapy alone. The therapeutic ratio becomes much larger in boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) for the lesions where enough amount of 10B can be selectively and homogenously delivered than any other radiotherapy modality. Thus, lesions can be controlled without any other adverse effect in normal tissues with BNCT. To develop how to deliver neutrons to lesions as appropriately as possible and new 10B agents that can be delivered to lesions much more selectively and homogeneously than so far is a main key point for farther improved BNCT.View full abstractDownload PDF (8100K) -
Tetsuya YAMAMOTO2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 79-91
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSBoron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) is a unique method to provide tumor cell-selective particle radiotherapy for treating malignant gliomas. This method has been developed for over 60 years. Despite recent improvements in multimodal therapies, glioblastoma, the most malignant and incurable glioma, recurs within several months and progresses with patient life expectancy of less than 1 - 1.5 years after the initial treatment. This article describes recent progress in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for malignant glioma, and the impact of their progress on the use of BNCT.View full abstractDownload PDF (8911K) -
Shinji KAWABATA2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 93-102
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSBNCT in the past was not widely accepted because of poor usability of a nuclear reactor as a neutron source. Recently, technical advancements in the accelerator field have made accelerator-based BNCT feasible. Consequently, clinical trials of intractable brain tumors have started using it since 2012. In this review, our clinical results obtained from conventional reactor-based BNCT for treatment of brain tumors are introduced. It is strong hope that accelerator-based BNCT becomes a standard therapy for current intractable brain tumors.View full abstractDownload PDF (7242K) -
Itsuro KATO2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 103-114
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSBackground:Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) is a targeted type of radiotherapy that has a number of significant advantages over conventional external beam photon irradiation, especially in that radiation can be selectively delivered to tumor cells. We had, first in the world, treated with BNCT for a patient with recurrent head and neck cancer(HNC) in 2001. Methods:From December, 2001 to February, 2013, we had treated 37 patients with recurrent HNC by means of 54 applications of BNCT at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute(KURRI) and Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA). All of them had received standard therapy and subsequently developed recurrent disease for which there were no other treatment options. Results:All of the (1)Regression rates were complete response(CR):19patients(51%), partial response(PR):14(38%), progressive disease(PD):3(8%), and not evaluated(NE):1(3%)patient. (2)The overall patient response rate was 91%, though all the patients had advanced disease. The 4-year and 7-year OS rates were 42% and 36%, respectively. (3)BNCT improved quality of life(QOL), performance status(PS) and survival times. (5)The primary adverse events were brain necrosis, osteomyelitis and transient mucositis and alopecia. Conclusions:Our results indicate that we could make sure that safety and effectiveness of BNCT, and BNCT represents a new and promising treatment modality in patients for whom there are no other treatment options.View full abstractDownload PDF (8249K) -
Junichi HIRATSUKA, Nobuhiko KAMITANI, Shunsuke SASAOKA, Chiaki KUWABAR ...2015 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 115-121
Published: January 15, 2015
Released on J-STAGE: January 28, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe study of boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) for malignant melanoma was initiated by Y. Mishima and his associates. Following basic research of 13 years, this team started the first clinical trial of cutaneous melanoma BNCT using 10B-para-boronophenylalanine(BPA) in 1985. Since then, 32 patients have been treated. We developed the following regimen for BNCT of malignant melanoma:1) 170 - 250 mg/kg of BPA-fructose complex is administered by drip infusion over 3-hours. 2) The minimum dose for melanoma control by single irradiation is assumed to be 25Gy-eq. 3) The maximum tolerable dose to the skin by single irradiation is assumed to be 18Gy-eq. 4) As the therapeutic dose, the maximum tolerable dose to the skin itself is chosen. We report the clinical results of two patients with cutaneous melanoma treated by BNCT. We believe that cutaneous melanoma are suitable for BNCT and that the excellent results will have a great impact on patients in QOL.View full abstractDownload PDF (4427K)
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