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Volume 35, Issue 9
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Fumio FUKAZAWA1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 847-851
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe weight of netting cord in water is related by the specific gravity of the fiber which is used as the material for the cord. The netting cord of a desirable specific gravity is available by combining properly two or more fibers of different specific gravities. The specific gravity of the netting cord combined by two kinds of fibers is shown as follows:
ρ=(n1ρ1a1+ρ2a2)/(n1a1+a2), n1 =(r1/r2)2=D1ρ2/D2ρ1
where
a1, a2; number of yarn
r1, r2; radius of fiber
D1, D2; denier of fiber
ρ1, ρ2; specific gravity of fiber
Therefore, from the relation between n1 and ρ we obtain the denier ratio of fiber combined. In the next step the number of fiber is controlled by the denier of fiber practically combined and the specific gravity of the mixed netting cord can be calculated.View full abstractDownload PDF (216K) -
Yoshihachiro NIMURA, Masaaki INOUE1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 852-861
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe oxygen uptake rate was measured on the Japanese spiny lobster in relation to the ambient oxygen concentration.
1. The rate increased near sunset and before sunrise.
2. The lobster paid the oxygen debt.
3. The SMR was constant at oxygen concentrations above the incipient lethal level, which was about 1.0ml O2/l both in summer and winter.
4. The apparent SMR or low RMR was a double of SMR, and decreased in the range below 2.0-2.5ml O2/l.
5. The AMR amounted to more than six times SMR, and decreased with the reduction of oxygen concentration in the range below 3-4ml O2/l.
6. Effect of temperature and body size on the SMR and AMR was evaluated, and the regression equations were obtained.
7. After molting the low RMR increased and fluctuated more widely.
8. Starvation did not change the RMR for two weeks.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
Motoo INOUE, Mitsuyoshi AOKI1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 862-867
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSo far there have been some studies on breedings of a few species of copepoda but such a study had difficulty because of lack of suitable diet or requirement of a great deal of running water.
By the present study the authors have found that mass reproduction of a microplankton, Tisbe furcata (body length, about 1mm) would be possible with feeding seawater-acclimatized chlorella as a basic diet.
A couple of living T. furcata was put into 100ml of chlorella suspensions in glass receptacles (200ml) without aeration and we observed how the couple would multiply in the receptacles. The chlorella was Chlorella ellipsoidea.
The density of the organism in the suspension was 0.5 ?? 1.0×107ml in number of cells and the number of T. furcata was counted every 5 days under different temperature (15, 20 and 25°C) and chlorinity (Cl=15, 17, 19 and 21‰) conditions for 40 days and 30 days respectively.
As result of the observation, the highest reproduction of T. furcata was shown under temperature 25°C, wherein the number of T. furcata became as many as 276 at the peak of 20 days, but higher survival rate of T. furcata was shown under temperature 15°C in 40 days than under 20°C and 25°C.
As for the chlorinity of the suspension, T. furcata breeded under all the conditions of 15-21‰ (S=27.10 ?? 37.93‰) in the experiments but the optimal chlorinity for the survival of T. furcata seemes to be 15-19‰ (S=27.10 ?? 34.32%).
In the subsequent experiments the authors found that the optimal numbe of cells of chlorella to be used for the reproduction of T. furcata would be about 0.5 ?? 1.0×107/ml as the authors had tried originally.View full abstractDownload PDF (543K) -
Effects of Temperature on Agglutinating Antibody Production in Starved EelsKiyokuni MUROGA, Syuzo EGUSA1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 868-874
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of temperature on the agglutinating antibody production of eels against merzonin-killed Vibrio anguillarum were studied.
1. Material eels had no specific agglutinins.
2. Within a temperature range from 15°C to 23°C, the maximum titers, viz. 800 ?? 1600, were attained more rapidly at higher temperatures, but no difference was found between 23°C and 27°C. No measuralbe antibody was produced at 11°C.
3. The induced agglutinating antibody had been maintained for over 3 months at low temperatures, 7 ?? 13°C.
4. The development of agglutinin titer was not affected by the use of two kinds of adjuvant.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Hypothalamo-hypophysial Neurosecretory System of the Ice-goby, Leucopsarion petersi HilgendorfEimitsu TAMURA, Yoshiharu HONMA1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 875-884
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological study was carried out to elucidate the changes in the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the ice-goby, Leucopsarion petersi Hilgendorf, with special relation to their spawning migration. As was described in the other species of gobioid fisher, the hypophysis cerebri of the ice-goby is buried into the floor of the diencephalon. The greatest amount of the AF-positive cyanophil cells regarded as the gonad stimulating cells in the proximal pars distalis is reached in the period of anadromous migration. In the hypothalamic region of the ice-goby, two kinds of neurosecretory nuclei were detected; the nucleus preopticus consists of AF- or CH-positive cells, and the nucleus which seems to be equivalent to the nucleus lateralis tuberis stained weakly with AF or acidic dyes. However, histological changes of the later were not elucidated. An active passage of the neurosecretory granules through the entire length of the axon of the cells in the nucleus preopticus was seen in the period of anadromous season accompanying the small amount of the storage substance in the pars nervosa. It seems probable that there is the relationship between the osmoregulation of the fish in the process of upstream migration and the role of the neurosecretory granules. After spawning, a decrease in the amount of the neurosecretory substance in the pars nervosa was observed in the spent fish. A possible role of the substance to the ejection of the gametes is intimated. The large globules of colloidal nature in the extra-cellular spaces of the nucleus preopticus were encountered frequently in the fish of upstream migration. The nature of these globules stained strongly with acidic dyes and iron-hematoxylin was not clarified in the present examination.View full abstractDownload PDF (1029K) -
Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 885-890
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cellulose acetate electrophoretic patterns of three species of lizard fishes, Saurida undosquamis, S. tumbil and S. elongata were observed. The property of muscle proteins soluble in salt solution of low ionic strength in each species was analyzed for the mobility and percentage of each component, and the number of components in the electrophoretic pattern. Although the differentiation among these three species was distinct, S. undosquamis was more similar to S. tumbil than to S. elongata, and S. tumbil was intermediate between S. undosquamis and S. elongata in this character. This trend was parallel with that of the morphological evidence.
It is also verified that electrophoretic patterns of muscle proteins were very stable for at least 45 days, when the specimens were stored at -20°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Yumiko MATSUDA1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 891-896
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlaska pollack tends to have “spongy meat” on frozen storage. It is suggested that vacuum freezing may be effective for this prevention because of the utilization of dehydration and quick freezing at the same time. In this study it was examined.
Cut meat of Alaska pollock was frozen by three different methods, vacuum freezing, air blast freezing (3m/sec) at -35°C and still air freezing at -30°C, and stored at -25°, -15° and -5°C for 3 months. At a definite storage interval, the following determinations of samples were examined.
Immediately after freezing, “spongy meat” was formed in samples of still air freezing. In those of the other freezings they were formed after storing for one month at -5°C. The amount of soluble nitrogen was constant for three months at -25°C storage, but at -5°C storage it decreased rapidly with the storage period. Expressible drip increased as storage period was longer, especially at high storage temperature. Taste became wrong with these changes.
Alaska pollack was lost about 15% of moisture by vacuum freezing. This effect of dehydration would be shown as the ability of freezing preservation of Alaska pollack for 3 months at a temperature as high as -15°C without formation of “spongy meat”.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Takehiko MANABE1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 897-906
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been well known that the formation of precipitation makes impossible the color-imetric analyses1-9) of ammonia-N in sea water, when Nesslerization was applied without any pretreatment. Among other modifications10-25) in which Nesslerization is not employed, the LUBOCHINSKY's indophenol method25) looks better. Because it has such an advantage as to enable the colorimetric analysis of ammonia even when precipitate may be produced: the developed color is so stable for considerably long time that the precipitate can be settled naturally or removed centrifugally. However, it is difficult to perform this analysis in short time by the LUBOCHINSKY's original method, because of the troublesome treatment of precipitate formed and the delay of color development.
The author, thus, attempted to prevent the formation of precipitate by adding EDTA and to accelerate the color development by heating the reaction mixture. The modification enables us accurate analysis of ammonia in sample sea water and also polluted sea water.View full abstractDownload PDF (583K) -
Partial Purification and Properties of an Antibacterial Substance Produced by Corynebacterium kusayaUsio SIMIDU, Kyoko SAKATA, Kazuyoshi AISO1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 907-914
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn antimicrobial substance produced by Corynebacterium kusaya which was the dominant organism in curing brine of Kusaya, a cured and dried fish, was partially purified by the use of gel-filtration and fractionation by ion exchange cellulose. The purified fraction inhibited the growth of St. aureus at a concentration corresponding to 0.5ppm in terms of dry weight. The substance had a fairly wide, but unstable, antimicrobial spectrum. The antimicrobial activity of the substance was lost by the treatment of organic solvents such as ethanol, butanol, ether and acetone, by the exposure at pH lower than 3.0 or higher than 11.0 as well as by heating at 50°C for 30 minutes. Properties of the partially purified fraction suggested that the substance was a protein of a high molecular weight.
The possible role of the organism in manufacturing Kusaya was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Tatsuichi HARAGUCHI, Usio SIMIDU, Kazuyoshi AISO1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 915-919
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Preserving effect of ozone was studied with fresh jack mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and shimaaji (Caranx mertensi).
2. In a preliminary experiment, molds, yeasts and aerobic asporogenus bacteria which had been streaked on agar plates were killed after the exposure in the atmosphere of ozone (0.6 ppm) for 30-60 minutes.
3. Viable bacterial counts of skin surface of the gutted fish, soaked in 3% NaCl solution containing 0.6 ppm of ozone for 30-60 minutes, decreased to 1/100 to 1/1, 000 of those of the control fish.
The storage life of the fish was lengthened for 1.2-1.6 times by the ozone treatment once per two days.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
Katsumi YAMAGUCHI, Fumio MATSUURA1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 920-926
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe blue pigment from the muscle of a marine teleost, “hirosa”, Cheilinus undulatus RÜPPELL, was clarified to be a biliverdin-protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Purification and Some Properties of the EnzymeFumio NAGAYAMA, Yuji SAITO1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 927-932
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an earlier paper1) dealing with the distribution of glycosidases in fish, it was shown that the β-galactosidase activity is found in every fish tissue. In this paper, the purification procedure of β-galactosidase from the rainbow trout liver and some properties of the enzyme were described.
1. The β-galactosidase was extracted from the liver of rainbow trout of which the average body weight was 150g. Two isozymes of β-galactosidase were isolated by the Sephadex column chromatography. The molecular weights of the isozymes estimated by the gel filtration were 340, 000 for β-galactosidase I and 170, 000 for β-galactosidase II.
2. The optimal pH range for both isozymes was 3.8-4.2, and the stable pH range was 4.5-6.5.
3. The activation energy calculated from the ARRHENIUS plots was about 13, 000 cal./mole for both isozymes. The thermostability of the enzyme I was predominant to that of the emzyme II.
4. There was no extreme difference between the Km values of o- and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside for both isozymes.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
Effects of Several Compounds on the EnzymeFumio NAGAYAMA, Yuji SAITO1969 Volume 35 Issue 9 Pages 933-939
Published: September 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of sugars, lactones, heavy metals, and salts on the β-galactosidase isolated from the liver of rainbow trout were investigated.
1. The β-galactosidase I and II were activated by glucose, sucrose, gluconolactone, and glucarolactone.
2. Galactose inhibited both isozymes competitively, while galactonolactone inhibited the enzyme I competitively and the enzyme II noncompetitively.
3. Lactose, a β-galactoside, was not only resistant but inhibitory to β-galactosidase I and II of the rainbow trout.
4. Heavy metal ions inhibited both isozymes noncompetitively. The metal inhibition was recovered by the addition of cysteine, but not by EDTA.
5. The β-galactosidase I and II of the rainbow trout were found to be activated by Cl-, while the bacterial β-galactosidase was reported to be inhibited by Cl- and activated by Na+. Both the substrate affinity and Vmax. of the enzyme I were increased by NaCl which caused only the elevation of the substrate affinity of the enzyme II.View full abstractDownload PDF (360K)
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