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Volume 36, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Seasonal Changes in the TestisNobuaki TAKAHASHI, Kazunori TAKANO1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 337-344
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Seasonal changes in the testis of the surf clam, Spisula sachalinensis, collected in Yakumo, southern Hokkaido, were examined histologically. The process of the development of male germ cells was classified into (1) spermatogonium stage, (2) primary spermatocyte stage, (3) secondary spermatocyte stage, (4) spermatid stage, and (5) spermatozoon stage.
2. On the basis of cytological characteristics of process of the development of male germ cells and of the relative amounts of spermatozoa found in a testis, maturational processes of the testis were classified into (1) spent stage, (2) resting stage, (3) early growing stage, (4) late growing stage, (5) maturing stage, and (6) breeding stage.
3. In the testis, active proliferation of spermatogonia is encountered in the months of December and January. Spermatozoa make their appearance in testicular tubules in late January. They come to fill the tubules in April, but actual spermiation occurs in the period from late May to early June. The absorption of germ cells, which remained free in the lumen of the tubule after the completion of spermiation, lasts until late August. The testis is then maintained in the resting phase during the successive months till late November.View full abstractDownload PDF (947K) -
Seasonal Changes in the OvaryNobuaki TAKAHASHI, Kiichiro YAMAMOTO1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 345-352
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Seasonal changes in the ovary of the surf clam, Spisula sachalinensis, collected in Yakumo, southern Hokkaido, were examined histologically. The process of the development of female germ cells was classified into (1) oogonium stage, (2) synaptic stage, (3) early yolkless stage, (4) late yolkless stage, (5) early yolk-formation stage, (6) late yolk-formation stage, and (7) maturation stage. Cytological characteristics of the female germ cells of each stage are described, especially concerning the formation of yolk and chorion in germ cells.
2. On the basis of cytological characteristics of female germ cells and of per cent ratio of oocytes of each stage, maturational processes of the ovaries were classified into (I) spent stage, (2) recovery stage, (3) early growing stage, (4) late growing stage, (5) maturing stage, and (6) spawning stage.
3. In the ovary, germ cells of the oogonium stage and of the synaptic stage are present embedded in the germinal epithelium throughout the year. In early October, oocytes of the yolkless stage begin to appear and grow gradually until December. Yolk formation in the oocytes begins in January, which causes a rapid growth of the ovary during the successive months. The ovary reaches its maximum size mostly in late April, but actual spawning is carried out during the period from late May to early June. The spawning is followed by a period of degeneration and disappearance of the remaining oocytes, which continues for one to two months, and then the ovary enters a period of gradual recovery for the next crop of oocytes.
4. An egg membrane appears at first at the place where the oocytes are protruded from the germinal epithelium, and no membrane can be found at the basal part of the oocyte buried in the germinal epithelium. At the early yolk-formation stage yolk globules make their appearance at first in the cytoplasm of the egg stalk and then are found distributed evenly throughout the whole cytoplasm of the oocyte.View full abstractDownload PDF (962K) -
Akihiko SHIROTA1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 353-368
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies on the mouth size of larval fishes have not yet been fully made. The author measured the mouth size of various larval fishes which had absorbed yolk and just begin to take natural live food, and studied the relationship among mouth size, food size and growth of fish. Total body length of the material fishes ranged from 10 to 20mm.
The results obtained are as follows.
1. No definite relationship was found between the mouth size and the total body length at the time of commencement of feeding.
2. The mouth size of various larval fishes at the time of commencement of feeding ranged from 200 μ to 1.000 μ and was observed to have a close relationship to the size of their natural foods: That is, larval fishes having small mouth sizes, such as Hypomesus, Plecoglossus, Ammodytes, Sillago, Konosirus and Oplegnathus take only phytoplankton, protozoa and the nauplii of small copepods, but larval fishes having big mouth sizes, such as Thunnus, Katsuwonus, Seriola, Girella, Mugil, Lateolabrax and Clupea were found to easily take large copepods at the time of commencement of feeding.
3. Although the body size at the time of commencement of feeding, in fishes of rapid growth such as Thunnus, Katsuwonus, Seriola and Scomber, was much smaller (about 1/2) than that of Clupea, their mouth size was equal to or larger than that of Clupea.
4. It was made clear that the quicker the growth of fish, the greater is the mouth size at the time of commencement of feeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (939K) -
Influence of Atmospheric Exposure on Photosynthesis, Growth and Others on Porphyra frondsOsamu IMADA, Yuichi SAITO, Shigeki MAEKI1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 369-376
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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The Seasonal Changes of Protein Concentration and Electrophoretic Patterns of Both Proteins and Mucopolysaccharides in the Perivisceral Fluid of a Sea UrchinMotohiro SHIMIZU1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 377-384
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Manabu KITAMIKADO, Hiroshi YAMAMOTO1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 385-390
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHyaluronidase of crude extract from mackerel gastric mucosa was concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-100 filtration up to about 30 fold purity. This purified preparation was completely free from β-glucuronidase. Analysis of the reaction products demonstrated that the principal products by the preparation were a series of even numbered oligosaccharides which have N-acetylhexosamine end group, and this enzyme was a β-endo-N-acetylhexosaminidase. Transglycosylation activity of the preparation was also demonstrated by the fact that the higher oligosaccharide was produced by the action of the enzyme on tetra-or hexasaccharide.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
Yuzaburo ISHIDA, Tateo FUJII1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 391-396
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are a large number of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria(2.4-4.8×105 cells per g of salt) in solar salt. The dominant strains isolated have been considered to belong to the genera Flavobacterium and Brevibacterium-those unable to grow in the absence of salts-, and the genus Micrococcus-those able to grow in the absence of salts.View full abstractDownload PDF (311K) -
Growth Behavior of Halobacteria in Relation to Concentration of NaC1 and Temperature of EnvironmentsYuzaburo ISHIDA1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 397-401
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIncubation temperature was shown to have an effect on the optimal concentration of NaCl in forty-eight strains isolated from solar salt. Of these, twenty-one strains did not grow in 5% NaCl at 35°C, but grow at 27°C and 22°C. These mainly belonged to the genus Flavobacterium. The remaining six strains were unable to grow in less than 10% NaCl at 35°C, in spite of growing in 10% NaCl at 27°C and 22°C. These belong to the genus Brevibacterium. The optimal concentration of NaCl in some strains among the Brevibacterium and Flavobacterium was found to decrease with lowering temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
Discoloration of Frozen Meat during Defrosting in Water of AirMasamichi BITO1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 402-406
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe discoloration of frozen tuna meat blocks during defrosting in water or air at different temperatures (0, 2, 10, 20 and 30°C) was examined.
1. When defrosted in water, the rates of discoloration of 3×5×8cm blocks (about 135g each) were about the same, irrespective of defrosting temperatures, while those of 5×6×11cm blocks (about 350g each) were slightly lower at 10°C and 20°C than at 0°C and 30°C (Figs. 2 and 3).
2. The rates of discoloration of 5×6×11cm blocks (about 350g each) defrosted in air of temperatures from 2°C to 30°C were lowest at 20°C (Fig. 4).
3. When 6×8×14cm blocks (about 700g each) were defrosted in running water at 7°C, for about 4 hrs, the change of meat color was very slight, while the discoloration of the blocks was rather marked when defrosted in air at 2°C, for about 44 hrs. The blocks which were first defrosted in running water and then kept at 2°C for a further 40 hrs, showed intermediate discoloration rates (Fig. 6).
4. Based on the above results, it is suggested that the length of time required for the frozen meat block to pass the temperature range from -5°C to -1.5°C may be responsible for the discoloration: The longer the length of time, the more the discoloration.View full abstractDownload PDF (304K) -
Nutritive Value of Free Amino AcidsHiroshi AOE, Isao MASUDA, Isao ABE, Takashi SAITO, Toshiko TOYODA, Sas ...1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 407-413
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy repeated feeding experiments, amino acid test diets after the formulae both for salmonoid fishes and for channel catfish were found to be unable to sustain the growth of young carp.
The hydrolyzates of casein after treatment with trypsin could not replace casein itself. A higher level of cellulose flour or agar-agar was effective in controlling the retention time of amino acid test diet in the intestine to the extent of that of the casein-gelatin test diet, but the growth of young carp was improved not at all. These results suggest that there is a specific aspect in the protein nutrition of young carp.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
Elution Patterns of Protein Extracts from Fish and Rabbit Muscle by Gel Filtration using Sepharose 2 BShigeru UMEMOTO, Koichi KANNA1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 414-420
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Evidence of the Production of Vitamin B12 by Microorganisms in the Intestinal Canal of Carp, Cyprinus carpioKen-ichi KASHIWADA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Akio KANAZAWA1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 421-424
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter cultivating carp with several test diets for 10 days, the amount of B12 in the intestinal contents was determined by the micro-bioassay method using Lactobacillus leichmannii.
A considerable amount of B12 was observed in the intestinal contents of the fish fed on B12-free diets. Moreover, a remarkable increase of B12 was observed when the excised intestinal canal was incubated in vitro for 6 hours at 25°C. The addition of sulfanylamide to the diet did not always cause the decrease of B12 in the intestinal contents.
These results indicate the production of B12 by microorganisms in the intestinal canal of carp.View full abstractDownload PDF (217K) -
Yoshiro HASHIMOTO, Hisao KAMIYA1970 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 425-434
Published: April 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1941K)
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