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Volume 36, Issue 5
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Changes of Osmotic Pressure of Serum and the Electrophoretic Pattern of the Serum Protein of RockfishHideo YAMASHITA1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 439-449
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirty-four females and 27 males of a species of rockfish, Sebastiscus marmoratus were kept in tanks circulating sea water from March 15 to 28, 1968. They were acclimatized to three series of osmotic pressure changes. The changes of the osmotic pressure of serum and serum protein fractions derived from electrophoresis were compared for each series.
1. A close linear relation was observed, with the correlation coefficient of +0.84, between the osmotic pressure of sea water and its chlorinity. No correlation was observed between the osmotic pressure of rockfish serum and that of the sea water of the experimental tank.
2. A positive correlation was observed between the specific gravity of blood and haematocrit. However, no correlation were obtained between the specific gravity and the amount of serum protein, and also between haematocrit and the amount of serum protein.
3. Each electrophoretic fraction of serum protein, I, II, III and IV plus V, in specimens kept in natural sea water with about 1040 mOsm/kg showed almost no difference as compared with those of the normal pattern. However, component IV plus V increased with the lowering and raising of the osmotic pressures of sea water, whereas components I, II and III scarecely varied.View full abstractDownload PDF (594K) -
Change of Osmotic Pressure of Serum and the Electrophoretic Pattern of the Serum Protein of Young YellowtailHideo YAMASHITA1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 450-454
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight individuals of young yellowtail were acclimatized to various degrees of osmotic pressure of sea water to analyze the change of their blood characteristics, the etectrophoretic pattern of their serum protein and the osmotic pressure of serum.
1. When acclimatized to sea water with the osmotic pressure ranging from 693.3 to 1173.9 mOsm/kg, the osmotic pressure of the serum ranged from 364.0 to 386.2 mOsm/kg. A linear relationship was found between both osmotic pressures with a high correlation coefficient: 0.997.
2. The electrophoretic pattern of serum protein of this species clearly separated into 4 components. In a high osmotic pressure of water, 1173.9 mOsm/kg, component I decreased and component IV increased as compared with those of control specimens.
3. The osmotic fragility of erythrocyte decreased when the specimens were acclimatized to water of low osmotic pressure. On the contrary this fragility gave high valuess when the specimens were acclimatized to a higher osmotic pressure of water.View full abstractDownload PDF (272K) -
Elimination of the Influence of Bathymetric Difference of Catch from the Relation of Working Time to DepthHiroshi MAÉDA, Shiro MINAMI1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 455-461
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of the depth on working times of the Danish seiners after removal of the influence of the bathymetric difference of catch, was examined by estimating the regressive relation of working time on depth observable among the hauls with the same grades of catch and by estimating the bathymetric difference of the regressive relation of the working time on catch. And the results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The influence of depth on working time was faint, because a depth of 150m was still shallow fishable without adjustment of the warp length.
2. In the hauls with ordinary catch (1 to 5 tons), the time to complete a haul increased with depth at a rate of 3.5 to 5 min. per 100m, because of the same trend of the time expended on other steps of works than hauling-brailing step, probably sinkingpulling step.
3. In the hauls with good catch (6 to 8 tons), the hauling-brailing time decreased with depth, but this was offset by the increase in the sinking-pulling time; as the consequence, the time to complete a haul did not show significant difference according to depth.
4. The regressive coefficients of the hauling-brailing times on catch took the similar values throughout the depth zones. This suggested such a possibility that the increase in the time with catch was due to the same trend in the step having no direct relation to depth. The same could be said to the time to complete a haul.View full abstractDownload PDF (363K) -
Keishi SHIBATA1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 462-468
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen attempt is made on the direct estimation of the number of commercial fishes, using wide-beam echo-sounder, coupled with a pulse counter, it is necessary to consider statistically the echo strengths from individual fishes.
The echo strengths from a given target passing through the sound beams, varies with its directional angle from the acoustic axis; fishes of identical size will give all possible echo levels below the maximum on the axis.
The apparent loss through fish reflection, which is determined by the maximum of a series of echoes from a fish, included two components, the actual reflection loss which varied with the third power of fish size, and the directivity loss on the angular distribution of fish. Actual reflection loss were only observed when a fish existed on the acoustic axis.
In this paper, a method is described on the correction for angular distribution of fish and also for the distribution frequency of observed reflection loss of fishes which are the acoustic information of fish size. It describes also the determination of echo sampling volume and average number of pulses received from a fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
Influence of the Colour of Webbing on the Avoidance Responses of the FishK. P. P. NAMBIAR, Yoshio HIYAMA, Takaya KUSAKA1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 469-475
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of experiments were carried out to record and analyse the swimming and avoidance patterns of small fresh water fish driven by differently coloured net models in. a specially designed circular channel, using Sony Videocorder and Television camera. Four parameters viz. swimming speed, angular distance between the fish and the net, fright responses and driving effect were recorded and analysed. The avoidance responses of fish were found to be greately influenced by the colour of the net material as the red net was eliciting a higher rate of swimming speed and avoidance responses compared with blue, black and white nets.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
Effect of Water Temperature and Diurnal Rhythm on the Avoidance Responses of the FishK. P. P. NAMBIAR, Yoshio HIYAMA, Takaya KUSAKA1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 476-480
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of temperature of water and diurnal rhythm on the swimming pattern and avoidance responses of fish driven by net model was studied in the laboratory. The water temperature was found to be an important factor regulating the swimming speed and avoidance responses of fish driven by model net. In the early morning hours, the fish swimming ahead of model net were found to be less active and more frightened. Lack of visual acuity resulting from dark adaptation is taken to be partly responsible for this.View full abstractDownload PDF (274K) -
Yûzaburo ISHIDA1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 481-486
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth of twenty-one halotolerant organisms in some substances (KCl, glycerol and sucrose) other than NaCl was almost similar to that obtained in NaCl under the equiosmotic pressures (atmospheres). NaCl was much more effective than other substances on the growth of twenty-seven halophilic organisms. When more than 0.5 molality of NaCl was present in the medium, KCl may substitute for NaCl in the halophilic organisms, except strain No. 114 and 277 (Fig. 4 and Table 2). It was suggested from these results that the growth of twenty-five strains partially depended on osmotic pressure as well as on the specific role of NaCl. For the other two strains (No. 114 and 277) KCl could not be substituted for NaCl to the extent of more than 50%, even if the NaCl concentration was sufficient for growth and the osmotic pressure equal to the optimal NaCl concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (354K) -
On the Superprecipitation of Actomyosin from Carp MuscleKen-ichi ARAI, Reiji TAKASHI, Tsuneyuki SAITO1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 487-490
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is a well-known characteristic of actomyosin, the contractile muscle protein, to undergo superprecipitation at low ionic strength when a low concentration of ATP is added.
Attempts on superprecipitation to discriminate the actomyosin from the myosin, prepared from carp dorsal muscle in the laboratory, were successful while both actomyosin and myosin retained their active ATP hydrolyzing activity.
Observation of superprecipitation was made at protein concentrations of 0.8-1.0mg/ml in 0.10M KCl by the addition of ATP to a final concentration of 1mM.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Shigeo EHIRA, Hitoshi UCHIYAMA, Fumiaki UDA, Hiroyuki MATSUMIYA1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 491-496
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy introducing a concave gradient elution system with increasing sodium chloride concentration and decreasing pH, the column chromatographic method for determination of nucleotides and related compounds in fish muscle was simplified. HXR+HX, IMP, AMP, ADP and ATP can be separated completely from each other within 3 hrs and the recoverÍes are satÍsfactory. The dÍstrÍbution pattern of these compounds in the muscles of yellow tail, Pacific cod and fan shell was examined by the improved method.View full abstractDownload PDF (564K) -
Tatsuichi HARAGUCHI, Masahide IIMORI1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 497-501
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The cleaning effect on jack mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) was examined with different surface active agents, such as sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), sucrose fatty acid ester (SE), and polyoxyethylene (9) fatty alcohol (C16-18) ether (PEFA). The surface active agents were dissolved in phosphate-citric acid buffer of different pH values.
2. Cleaning of fish with PEFA and LAS at pH 5.0 resulted in a clean surface appearance and the removal of unpleasant fishy odour. But the skin surface treated with LAS turned buff colour within 1-2 days after cleaning.
3. Viable bacterial counts on the skin surface decreased to 1/100-1/1000 after cleaning with PEFA solution at pH 5.0. No other surface active agents tested showed similar effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
TMAO, TMA, and DMA Contents in Ordinary and Bloody MusclesToshio TOKUNAGA1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 502-509
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA number of quantitative determinations of TMAO have been reported on various fish species of both freshwater and marine origin but very little is known about the comparative aspects of the TMAO content between the ordinary and bloody muscles of fish.
The author, therefore, carried out the measurement of TMAO, TMA and DMA in the bloody and ordinary muscle parts of 16 species of fish and the findings are as follows:
1) In the varieties of so-called dark-fleshed fish such as mackerel, sardine, skipjack, etc., the bloody muscles were rich in TMAO content, while in the ordinary muscles the TMAO content was poor and variable.
2) In white-fleshed fish such as seabass, Japanese gurnard and others the TMAO content was much higher in the ordinary muscle than in the bloody muscle.
3) With the exception of saury and gadoid fish, the TMAO-N content in the bloody muscle indicated less variable levels within a range of 20 to 40mg%, among the species of fish tested.
4) In each fish examined, the amount of TMA detected in the bloody muscle was larger than that in the ordinary muscle.
5) Although a very small quantity of DMA was found in the ordinary muscle of some kinds of fish, larger quantities of DMA were always observed in the bloody muscle of all species examined.
6) Formaldehyde was also detected in the bloody muscle whenever DMA was obviously found, and this fact may suggest a possible existence of enzyme(s) capable to form DMA and formaldehyde from TMAO in the bloody muscles of a rather wide variety of fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (303K) -
Formation of DMA and TMA during StorageToshio TOKUNAGA1970 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 510-515
Published: May 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous report, it was observed that the bloody muscle of 16 species of fish contained DMA as well as TMA.
In this experiment, the bloody and ordinary muscles of different species of fish were kept separately but under similar conditions with the intention to examine changes in the amount of TMA, DMA and formaldehyde during storage. The results obtained are as follows:
1) No measurable increase of TMA and DMA was observed in the ordinary muscle during storage for up to 25 days at 0°C, but a fairly rapid increase of these amines was observed in the bloody muscle of all samples.
2) At -6°C, TMA amount was somewhat smaller than that produced at 0°C, however, a rather slow but continuous increase of DMA was observed.
3) The rate of formation of TMA and DMA during storage seemed to differ according to the species of fish. The fish forming more TMA also formed more DMA and a correlation was assumed to exist between the amounts of TMA and DMA produced.
4) Since the formation of these amines in the bloody muscle was considered to be caused by enzymic action, the amount of the amines may be used for practical purposes as an index of freshness of fish before they get spoiled by bacterial growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K)
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