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Volume 43, Issue 5
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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A Rhabdovirus isolated from European Eel, Anguilla anguillaTokuo SANO, Teiichi NISHIMURA, Nobuaki OKAMOTO, Hideo FUKUDA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 491-495
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors carried out virological examination of European elvers, Anguilla anguilla imported form France to Japan with the intention of using it for pond culture.
All inoculants prepared from the first six groups of elvers immediately after their arrival in Japan and before distribution to culture ponds showed CPE in RTG-2 cells within 7 days at 15°C afterinoculation. And one inoculant from the second five samples collected prom eel-ponds showed it within the same number of days. The CPE observed in inoculated RTG-2 cells consisted of spherical pyknosis and subsequent cytoplasmic granulation. However, marginal hyper-chromatosis of nuclear membranes did not occur. This isolant had a stable infectivity of 106.1TCID50/ml. Thus far it has been passed 8 times.
Negative-stained electron micrographs showed this virus to be a rhabdovirus having the size of 90-95 nm×170-175nm. Neutralization tests with specific antisera proved that this agent is not VHSV, SVCV or IHNY.
Its pathogenicity to fisheeins to be studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
Katuji HONDA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 497-505
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to find out the abrasion resistance ropes, present tests were carried out by using a testing. This apparatus developed so as to rub uniformly the surface of samples. The samples, rotating themselves, were pulled by a weight at one end and attched to the chuck at the other and mounted on a rotating grinder and rubbed by it bye pulling them back and forth. The samples were kept constantly wet during the tests. After elongation of the rope were measured.
The results obtained are as follows;
1) After abrasion the tensile strength decreased with increasing load and number of rubs, The tensile strength T was indicated by the following experimental equation;
T=k[(T0-W)ρ|WS]α
where k is a constant, T the initial tensile strength, W the load, ρ radius of curvature of grinder, S the fricional distance and α index number;
2) The relation between the load W and number of times required for fracture n' is shown by the following experimental equation;
W=a-blogn'.
where a and b are constants according to the kind of roper.
3) From these test ranked ropes in descending order of abrasion resistance were PP Special Monofilament, Vinylon, Manila and Nylon rope had poor abrasion registance to the rotating, The abrasion in same materials is determined by the type of fiber.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
Shinya ISHIO, Jiann Chu CHEN, Yasuo KAWASAKI, Nobuyoshi OHBA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 507-516
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMarine, catenate dinoflagellate, Gyrodinium sp. which was previously reported, displayed cell divisions similar to that of Gonyaulax catenella. The cell division periods varied from 4.0 hours at 14.5°C to 2.4 hours at 24°C. Substances causing algal tumor, such as benzanthrone, 2-chloroanthraquinone and phenalene, together with such well know carcinogens as 20-methylcholanthrene, 9, 10-dimethyl 1, 2-benzanthracene and 3, 4-benzopyene brought about mitotic delays in Gyrodonoum sp. For detecing carcinogens discharged into coastal waters, the examination of mitotic delay in Gyridinium sp. seemed to be a useful approach.View full abstractDownload PDF (1256K) -
Comparison of Compositionof “Kusaya” Brine at Niijima and Oshima IslandsTateo FUJII1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 517-521
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Kusaya” is a special brined and dried fish produced in Niijima and its neibouring islands. Its long shelflife and peculiar fiavour are reputable among consumers. In this report, chemical and microbiological analyses of 4 samples of kusaya brine werecarried out; two of the samples were obtained at Niijima Island and the others at Oshima Island.
The pH value (6.9-7.1), ash (2.7-4.0%), water content (93.3-95.7%), NaCl concentration (2.7-3.7%), crude fat content (0.7-1.2%), the amount of total nitrogen (397-467mg/100ml) and volatile basic nitrogen (339-427mg/100ml), and viable cell counts on nutrient agar plate (2.5×107-1.7×108 cells/ml) did not differ significantly among these samples. The amine contents of the samples from Niijima and those from Oshima, however, were quite different: trimethylamine was detected in only Oshima samples and dimethylamine only in the samples from Niijima. Considerable differences in the contents of volatile sulfur compounds were also observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (333K) -
Analytical Results of the Bloodd and BonesJiro KOYAMA, Yasuo ITAZAWA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 523-526
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarp (25 g at Exp. 1, 60-90 g at Exps. 2-4, 7 g at Exps. 5, 6) were fed with feed containing 0, 28, 140, 570, 1700, or 5700 ppm of Cd in the dry weight for 30 days (Exps. 1-5) or 60 days (Exp. 6).
The alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca concentration of serum, the Ca content of vertebrae, Ca contents of vertebral and cranial ash decreased, while the inorganic P concentrationof serum increased, with increasing Cd content.
Violent swimming and tetany observed with some of Cd administered fish may be due to hyperexcitability of the nervous system and muscles attributable to the low Ca and high inorganic P levels in the plasma.View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
Results of Morphological ExaminationJiro KOYAMA, Yasuo ITAZAWA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 527-533
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe same individuals used in the experiments reported in the previous paper were examined.
Weight gain and hep0ato-somatic index decreased depending on the Cd content of the feed in most experiments. Lateral curvature of the vertebral content by lateral bending of a/a few centrum/centra was observed in the fish (14% of 93 individuals in fish administered with Cd≥140 ppm) that had exhibited violent swimming and tetany during the experiment.
In Cd administered fish, abnormal black granules which accumulated around blood vessels were observed in the liver, and degeneration (thin wall) of proximal renal tubules and cells that seemed to have lost the protoplasm were observed in the kidney.
A possible mechanism for the lateral curvature of the vertebral column may be conjectured, based on the results described in the prevent and previous papers, as follows: disturbance of the balance between Ca and inorganic P in the plasma caused by degeneration of renal tubules attributable to orally administered Cd→low Ca and high inorganic P levels of the plasma as well as low Ca content of vertebrae→hyperexcitability of the nervous system and muscles→violent swimming and tetany→lateral bending of a/a few centrum/centra→lateral curvature of the vertebral column.View full abstractDownload PDF (2169K) -
On the Proximate Composition, Free Amino Acids and Related CompoundsMichizo SUYAMA, Toshiyuki HIRANO, Noriaki OKADA, Tomoharu SHIBUYA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 535-540
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAyu (sweet smelt), Plecoglossus altivelis, is one of the most palatable freshwater-fishes of Japan; however, relatively little is known about the characteristics of taste and flavor though a few preliminary papers have been reported. The present investigation was undertaken to compare the proximate composition as well as the distribution pattern of free amino acids and their related compounds in wild and cultured ayu. Somewhat remarkable findings attributable to the rowing conditions of ayu were obtained. The moisture content of muscle was higher in the wild than in the cultured ayu. The fat content of the former changed during maturation, while the latter contained a lage and definite amount of fat. A high ash content was obtained for the viscera of wild ayu. With regard to the free amino acids and related compounds, anserine, glycine, alanine, and lysine occurred in higher quantities in the wild ayu although the concentration of these constituents seemed to differ among the individual specimens.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K) -
Toshio TAKEUCHI, Takeshi WATANABE1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 541-551
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding trials were conducted to determine the requirement of carp for linoleic and linolenic acids by feeding vearious diets containing both acids in different ratios. In addition, the growth effect of 22:6ω3 and ω3-HUFA was compared with that of linoleic and linolenic acids. Fat-free and EFA-deficient diets resulted in retarded growth. The addition of either methyl linoleate to the diets improved growth, linolenate being the more effective. However, the best weight gain and feed conversion were obtained in the fish receiving a diet supplemented with both 1% linoleate and 1% linolenate. On the other hand, the addition of ω3 fatty acids, not only 22:6ω3 but also ω3-HUFA, to the EFA-deficient diets vastly improved growth and feed conversion, the supplemental effect of 0.5% ω3-HUFA on carp growth slightly exceeding that of 1% 18:3ω3. Feeding the EFA-deficient diet resulted in increased levels of the “abnormal” polyunsaturated 20:3ω9 and monoethylenic fatty acids, 16:1 and 18:1. These levels were lowered by both ω6 and ω3 fatty acids, HUFA and 22:6ω3 appearing to be more efficient than 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3 in reducing the levels of these fatty acids.
Since carp require fatty acids of both the linoleic and linolenic families for growth, it seems reasonable to consider the ratio of 20:3ω9/20:4ω6 as well as 20:3ω9/22:6ω3 for the EFA index in carp. When both ratios are applied to carp as indices of EFA-deficiency, the former ratio becomes less than 0.4 and the latter less than 0.6 if the carp are receiving a sufficient amount of both ω6 and ω3 fatty acids.
Thus, the diet requirement of carp for linoleic and linolenic acids, respecitively, was found to be aroucd 1%. Moreover, 22:6ω3 and ω3-HUFA of the linolenic family were also effective as EFA not only in rainbow trout but also in carp.View full abstractDownload PDF (715K) -
Kiyoyoshi NISHITA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 553-557
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMyosin was prepared form the striated adductor muscle of the giant ezo scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, by the original method of BÁRÁNY et al.
It was found that the present myosin preparation was effectively solubilized in a 0.06M Na-pyrophosphate solution (pH 7.5) but incompletely in a 0.04M solution (pH 7.5).
Scallop myosin was, therefore, applied on DEAE-sephadex A-50 column chromatography introducing the 0.06M Na-pyrophoshate solution (pH 7.5) as solvent. The elution profiles of the scallop myosin were very similar to those of the rabbit and fish myosin monomer. The Ca2+-ATPase activity of the eluted myosin was not improved by the ion-exchange chromatography, although the contaminants such as paramyosin and actin were effectively eliminated form this preparation.
To avoid the denaturation of myosin during the time-consuming column chromatography, the batchwise ion-exchange method was successfully adopted to purify the scallop myosin. The purified myosin, thus obtained, showed a Ca2+-ATPase activity (1.13-1.15 μmoles Pi iberation/min•mg of protein) approximately 1.5 fold higher compared to that of the original myosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1200K) -
Manufacture of the KPC by Isopropyl Alcohol Method and It's Chemical CompositionKazutami KUWANO, Toshio MITAMURA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 559-565
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntarctic krill (Euphausia superda) protein concentrate (KPC) was manufactured by the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) method from a frozen block of krill. The yield of KPC was 45.2 gram form 500 gram of the from a frozen block of krill. The nitrogen yield was 51.1% of the frozen block. Analysis of the KPC revealed the following contents and properties: moisture, 7.91%; crude protein, 80.3%; digestibility by pepsin, 97.8%; available lysin, 7.77%; (ratio to crude protein); crude fat, 0.24%; crude ash, 8.46%; fluorine, 150 ppm; choride (as NaCl), 0.38%; remnants of IPA, 106 ppm; standard plate count, <300/g.
From the above results, it is suggested that KPC is a high quality protein concentrate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1126K) -
Shigemi OKA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 567-575
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn investigation was carried out on the incidence of Clostridium perfringens in natural (marine-animal, fresh water fish, soil, and water) and processed sea-foods and on the serological typing of isolates based of HOBBS' types 1-17 and other antisera to five food poisoning strains.
The results obtained were summarized as follows:
(1) The frequency of detection of Cl. Perfringens showed 16.6% (57/306) in the unheated samples, 11.2% (28/251) in the samples heated at 75°C for 20 min, and 0.8% (3/367) in those heated at 100°C for 60 min.
(2) Total number of Cl. Perfringens strains isolated from test samples were 169, of which 16 strains (9.5%) were identified to be HOBBS' serotypes.
(3) Five strains form marine-animals were identified as belonging to HOBBS' serotype 4. One type 1 strain and two type 11 strains sampled from fresh water fishes, four type 5 strains form soils and four type 3 from sea water were identified. Of these strains, 12 were isolated from unheated samples, and four from those heated at 75°C for 20 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
Shigemi OKA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 577-585
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSporulation and heat-resistance were examined in three sporulation media using using a total number of 69 food poisoning strains of Cl. perfringens (of which 4 were derived from outbreaks in the U.S.A, 8 from England, and 57 from Japan).
The results obtained were summarized as follows:
(1) A total number of 66 strains tested at 75°C for 20 min, 42 strains at 100°C for 60 min after 24 hr incubation, and 68 strains at 75°C for 20 min and 49 strains at 100°C for 60 min 48 hr after incubation showed positive heat-resistance.
(2) Positive heat-resistance was observed in 52 strains (75.4%) cultured at 75°C for 20 min after 24 hr incubation, in 58 strains (84.1%) after 48 hr, incubation all cultured in three media as well as in 31 strains (44.9%) cultured at 100°C for 60 min after 24 hr incubation, and in 38 strains (55.1%) cultured in two media (not including ELLNER medium) after 48 hr incubation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1041K) -
Effects of Oil-spill Emulsifiers and Surfactants on the Growth of Porphyra-laverHiroshi TOKUDA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 587-593
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inhibitory effects of oil-spill emulsifiers (6 products) and non-ionic surfactants (4 products) on the growth of a laver, Porphyra yezoensis, were investigated by culture experiments. One oil-spill emulsifier composed of n-paraffin and ester-type non-ionic surfactants was so low in toxicity that its 1 ppm solution supported a laver growth rate nearly similar to that of the control, and even its 100 ppm solution exhibited a growth rate higher than 50% of the control. Polyoxyethylene (20mole) sorbitan trioleate, an ester-type surfactant, was the most toxic of the ether-type surfactants used and the laver was killed within 24 hours in its 10 ppm solution. The absorption spectrum of the laver fond was not affected by a 20 hour immersion in a 1, 000 pmm solution trioleate. Changes in the cellular of the laver induced by immersion in surfactant solutions prepared at various concentration were also studied by means of optica microscopy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1681K) -
Shun WADA, Chiaki KOIZUMI, Junsaku NONAKA1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 595-599
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe deterioration of lipids of fish during cold storage has been extensively studied from the view-point of maintaining fish quality. In some of those studies minced flesh was used. It is presumed that the deterioration of lipids in the minced flesh is different from that in sliced flesh because in the former case many biological materials affecting lipid deterioration such as amino acids which act as antioxidants, hemoproteins, and enzymes are in greater contact with the lipids. However, no information has been available on the effect of mincing the flesh on the deterioration of lipids.
In this study, the deterioration of lipids of minced cod flesh and sliced cod flesh stored at 0°C were compared. Two fillets were taken from one cod. One fillet of the matched pair was cut into four slices, each slice minced, and stored separately. The other fillet also cut into four slices and stored under the same conditions. At intervals of 0, 5, 10, and 15 days storage, the lipids were extracted from the sample and separated into polar lipid, triglyceride and free fatty acid fractions by column chromatography. The fatty acid compositions of these lipid fractions were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography.
The results obtained indicated that by mincing the cod flesh the oxidation of lipids seemed to be prevented to some extent in the early stage of storage while the hydrolyses of lipids were remarkably promoted.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K) -
Isolation and Identification of Pentachlorophenyl-β-glucuronide Accumulated in Bile of GoldfishKunio KOBAYASHI, Shigeo KIMURA, Eiji SHIMIZU1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 601-607
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA conjugated-PCP was found in the bile of goldfish, Carassius auratus, after 5-hr exposure to PCP (0.1 ppm). The biliary concentration of the conjugated-PCP increased with exposure time and reached a level of 4.46 μmoles/g, corresponding to a concentration factor of 12000 at 48-hr. The conjugate was isolated by treating the bile with activated charcoal columns, followed by elution with an acetone-ammonia mixture, finally passing the concentrated eluate through a Sephadex G-10 column. The isolated conjugate was identified as pentachlorophenyl-β-glucuronide by hydrolysis on incubation with β-glucuronidase, and by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography, and by determination of the molar ratio of PCP to glucuronic acid. No other conjugates including the sulfate conjugate were detected in the bile.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K) -
Tateo FUJII1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 609
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (82K) -
Morihiko SAKAGUCHI, Akira KAWAI1977 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 611
Published: May 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (83K)
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