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Volume 46, Issue 11
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Gunzo KAWAMURA, Shiro HARA1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1297-1300
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding of milkfish larvae and juveniles on Artemia nauplii in captivity was observed. The retinae of the larvae were observed histologically.
Milkfish larvae could not take food in the dark. The juveniles could take food in the dark although less efficiently than in the lighted condition. Vision thus seems to be the most important sense for the milkfish larvae since feeding depends very much on it.
The larvae were found to have already weel-developed regionally differentiated retinae with all elements present. Vision, evidently, is developed foremost among the senses.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Yutaka FUKUDA, Riichi KUSUDA1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1301-1305
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been suggested that cultured yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, recovered from pseudotuberculosis are protected from recurrences. But few studies of post-infectious immunity had been reported. In this study, humoral aspects of post-infectious immunity of yellowtail was examined on the production of agglutinating antibody against whole cells of the infectious agent and its extracts after the outbreak of pseudotuberculosis in the fish farm. Also, serum protein changes had been observed at the same circumstance.
Peaks of agglutinating antibody activity against Pasteurella piscicida whole cells extracts, crude lipopolysuccaride and crude protein, were observed in the middle of July and the end of October. The second peak was higer than the first one against whole cells. On the contrary, the first peak was higher than the second one against crude lipopolysuccaride. Antibody activity against crude protein was maintained at a lower level and two low peaks were formed. Rising and faling period of water temperature ranging about 23-25°C corresponds to these peaks. Increases in relative percentage of the γ-globulin region protein in yellowtail sera were found in these periods by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Increases in number of bands and precipitin lines in the period when first peak was formed were observed by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and agar gel immunoelectrophoresis. Agglutinating antibody activities of yellowtail sera in both peaks were found in the fractions eluted in the void volume of Sephadex G-200 column.
Post-infecgtious antibody against P. piscicida is produced twice a year, respectively during summer and fall i n cultured yellowtail sera. It would be inferred from this study that the secondary immune response appears in the later period. It was found however that the property of agglutinating antibody in the later period is the same as that in the earlier.View full abstractDownload PDF (1222K) -
Nobuyoshi MAKIGUCHI, Masanobu ARITA, Yoshiyuki ASAI1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1307-1312
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to apply the bioluminescence of luminous bacteria to finshing industry, studies on the attracting effect of a luminous material containing immobilized luminous cells and a luminous raw bait attached with luminous cells on various kinds of fish were carried out.
Water tank experiments showed that the luminous material had an attracting effect on freshwater shrimp Palaemon paucidens, but on the contrary, apparent evading effect on parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus.
Fishing ground experiments revealed that the luminous material had an attracting effect on king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus caught with a trap, squid as well as prawn Penaeus orientalis caught by trawl fishing, neither and attracting nor an evading effect on crab Chionoecetes opilio caught with a trap, and a distinct evading effect on shrimp Pandalus borealis caught with a trap.
Fishing guound experiments also showed that the luminous raw bait attached with luminous cells had a tremendous effect on bottom fishing by which grunt, gopher, dorado, scorpionfish, mullet, flatfish and shark were caught, and the number of caught fish was 4.8 times larger than that of the control. In addition, the luminous raw bait seemed to have some attracting effect on tuna caught with tuna long lines and the number of caught tuna was 1.2 times larger than of the control.View full abstractDownload PDF (438K) -
Takeshi KAJIHARA, Minako HAYASHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1313-1316
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSettlement of larvae of marine mussel, Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis, was observed by a sequence sampling of rope collectors exposed for three or four days at Harumi pier in Tokyo Harbor from April to June, the maximum settling season, 1979. Young mussels on rope collectors were mainly caused by new settlement of pediveligers, and a small number of plantigrades were found resettled among them. The fluctuations in number of the settlement almost coincided with tidal changes as follows: the peaks in the number of settlement appeared during the spring tides and the bottoms of that were during the neap tides. Average settling number of mussel larvae per day and volume of attached suspended matters on the rope collectors exposed for a halp month were markedly larger than those on the collectors exposed for three or four days, and lt is suggested that the suspended matters have contributed to increase settling of the larvae and to inhibit the detachment of the settled larvae from the collectors. It seems likely from this observation that the mussel beds on new substrata under sea water are principally constructed by resettling of the late plantigrads, and that the number of late plantigrades in pelagic phase increases during the neap and mid-tide between spring and neap tides.View full abstractDownload PDF (320K) -
Fumio TAKASHIMA, Reynaldo PATINO, Minoru NOMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1317-1322
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gonads of rainbow trout ramained in a sexually indifferent condition during the sac-fry period. In the swim-up fry approximately two months after fertilization, about one half of the individuals had gonads showing signs of meiosis. Primary growth of oocytes and lamella formations were subsequently observed in the gonads (ovaries) of about one half of the fingerlings. On the other hand, the gonads of the rest of the fingerlings did not show any signs of meiotic activity, but Sertoli-like cells and lobule and sperm duct formations were observed. Therefore, it may be concluded that rainbow trout belongs to the differentiated type of gonochoristic teleosts.View full abstractDownload PDF (2349K) -
Hiroko ISHIOKA1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1323-1331
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStress reactions in marine fish were studied in detrmining the effects of environmental salinity changes on the haematology of the red aes bream, Chrysophrys major TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL.
Acute elevation in environemtal salinity induced hyperglycemia, increase of serum cortisol levels of the fish. The fish exposed to acute salinity lowering showed hyperglycemia, increase of serum cortisol level and high haemeatocrit values with low sodium and chloride levels. It was confirmed that these haematological changes depended on the intensity and the rate of salinity change.
The determination of the phases in stress reactions was examined through the use of Euclidean distances calculated by 3 variables; mean haematocrit value, mean glucose level and mean serum sodium level. They were recognized to include control phase, reactive phase where the hyperglycemia was noticeable and exhausitive phase where serum sodium level was remarkably influenced by environmental salinity. These phases were considered to be slightly affected by stimuli-specific reactions of the fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (547K) -
Hisashi MURATA, Toshiharu HIGASHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1333-1338
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate, in vivo, the selevtive utilization of fatty acid as the energy source in carp Cyprinus carpio, the incorporation of 1-14C-acetate and 1-14C-18:1ω9 acid into lipid fraction, their excretion as 14CO2 and the changes of lipid content and fatty acid composition were studied in starved carp.
The formation of fatty acid from acetate and the syntesis of triglyceride from 18:1ω9 acid were extremely depressed during starvation, while β-oxidation was accelerated. After 34 days, the total lipid content in the whole body fell remarkably owing to the decrease of the triglyceride content. Thus, the authors inferred that the change of fatty acids in the triglyceride during starvation might be attributable to the fatty acids being utilized as energy source in carp.
In the body triglyceride of carp starved for 66 days, 22:6ω3 acid comprised 56% of the total acids; however, both the percentages of 18:1ω9 and 18:2ω6 acids were reduced to as low as 23% of their initial levels. 18:3ω3, 20:3ω9 and 20:4ω6 acids remained almost unchanged during the starvation. Consequently, it was judged that the composition of fatty acid in the body triglyceride was changed by the selective utilization of fatty acids as energy source rather than by the acceleration of chain elongation and desaturation of the fatty acids.
In conclusion, these results indicated that 18:1ω9 and 18:2ω6 acuds were preferentially utilized as energy source in carp, whereas 22:6ω3 acid was utilized minimally.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Tamao NOGUCHI, Yoichi UEDA, Yoshio ONOUE, Michiko KONO, Kinue KOYAMA, ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1339-1344
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo confirm further the effectiveness of canning process demonstrated previously a similar experiment was carried out using highly paralytic shellfish polish (PSP) -infested scallops.
Toxic specimens of the scallop Patinopeceten yessoensis from Funka Bay, Hokkaido, were dissected into three parts-digestive gland (avergaed toxicity, 400MU/g), adductor muscle (3.5MU/g) and others (32MU/g), Each part was cut into cα. 0.1 com3 dice and processed according to the standrd canning procedures.
In all parts, much of the toxicity was lost with retorting but some with heating (70°C, 20min) followed by washing. A steady reduction of the toxicity took place during storage of the canned products; after 30 days of storage, the toxicity scores of digestive gland dropped near or below the quarantine limit 4 MU/g.
These observations indicate that canning might also be applicable for the scallops infested with PSP as high as 400 MU/g in digestive gland.View full abstractDownload PDF (342K) -
Kenzo TOYAMA, Naoki TOJO, Makoto NAKADA, Hiroshi AOE1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1345-1352
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo ascertain the effect of fish solubles addition in large quantity in the fish meal production as usual industrial process in Japan, samples of fish meal with or without large amount of fish solubles were prepared by small scale model plant from fresh whole sardine, and their chemical compositions were analyzed. The results were fairly different from those of commercial products reported in the preceding paper. These differences shown below may be due to the differences in freshness and compositions of raw fish used in this experiment and the industries.
1) Total nitrogen comprised far lower soluble-nitrogen and considerably higher proteinnitrogen.
2) Fish solubles addition increased not only glycine similar to the commercial products, but also cystine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine and tryptophan, which decreased in the case of commercial products.
3) With increasing the amount of fish solubles added, essential amino acid indices were not so clearly lowered as commercial whole meals, while chemical scores were somewhat increased gradually in contrast to the commercial products.
Since the fresh raw fish yields relatively small amounts of solubles being not so decomposed, adding back all solubles obtained to the press cake should not bring about significant inferior nutritional effects with respect to amino acid composition.View full abstractDownload PDF (569K) -
Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Mineshi SAKAMOTO, Md. A. AWAL1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1353-1356
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe requirements of essential fatty acids (EFA) for Tilapia zillii were examined by feeding diets with several types of lipids and with different levels of ω6 and ω3 fatty acids. The addition of 18:2ω6, 20:4ω6, 18:3ω3 and 20:5ω3 to the diet containing 12:0 as a basal lipid improved the weight gain of T. zillii. However, the growth-promoting effects of 18:2ω6 and 20:4ω6 were superior to those of 18:3ω3 and 20:5ω3. These data indicated that T. zillii requires ω6 fatty acids rather than ω3 fatty acids. The dietary requirement of T. zillii for 18:2ω6 or 20:4ω6 was found to be about 1.0% in the diet.
In the groups of T. zillii fed with the EFA-deficient diets, the levels of 20:3ω9 and 18:1ω9 increased, but they were decreased by the supplementation of either 18:2ω6 or 20:1ω6. Also, the supplementation of 18:2ω6 to the diets increased the proportion of 20:4ω6 in polar lipids of Tilapia bodies, indicating that T. zillii probably converts 18:2ω6 to 20:4ω6.View full abstractDownload PDF (284K) -
Purified Test Diet and the Optimum Protein LevelAkio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Mineshi SAKAMOTO, Akihiko SHINOMIYA1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1357-1361
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding trials were conducted on the effects of levels of dietary protein (casein), lipid (pollack liver oil), minerals, and vitamins on the growth of the puffer fish, Fugu rubripes. The growth response was examined in terms of weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and net protein utilization in 3 week-feeding exaperiment at 25-26°C.
Resuts from these studies indicated that the optimum protein level for the puffer fish was about 50% in the diet when casein was used as a protein source. Also, the optimum level of lipids, minerals, and vitamins were estimated to be about 6% (or less), 4%, and 3% in the diet, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (279K) -
Takao MATSUNO, Seiichi NAGATA1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1363-1367
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the biosynthesis of parasiloxanthin and 7, 8-dihydroparasiloxanthin, characteristic and principal carotenoids of the Japanese common catfish; assorted food for eel containing either zeaxanthin or lutein (20mg/100g) was fed to the Japanese common catfish for periods from 15 to 40 days.
After the feeding experiment for 40 days, the amounts (μg/100g integuments) of parasilo xanthin and 7, 8-dihydroparasiloxanthin in the integument of zeaxanthin group increased up to twenty seven times, and six times as much as the control group, respectively.
On the other hand, in lutein group the accumulation of these carotenoids described above was not observed at all except for lutein and a new carotenoid; 7, 8-dihydrolutein, which in creased forty five times and twenty six times as much as the control group, respectively.
We concluded from the experiment descrilbed above that zeaxanthin is metabolized to 7, 8-dihydroparasiloxanthin via parasiloxanthin and that lutein is metabolized to 7, 8-dihydrolutein.View full abstractDownload PDF (345K) -
Kazuo SHIOMI, Hideaki YAMANAKA, Takeaki KIKUCHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1369-1373
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe red alga Serraticardia maxima was found to possess hemagglutinins against various kinds of animal erythrocytes, and some biochemical properties of the hemagglutinins were examined. In an adsorption test with horse erythrocytes, the activity disappeared against horse, rabbit and guinea pig erythrocytes. The hemagglutinins were unstable to diaysis. The activity was completely lost by heating at 60°C and 70°C but not at 80°C and 90°C. the results indicate the presence of an unknown factor which inactivates the hemagglutinins at 60°C-70°C but not at 80°C-90°C. The hemagglutinins were stable over a wide range of pH values between 4 and 10. Their activity was not affected by the divalent metal cations or the simple sugars tested. A single peak with hemagglutinating activity was observed in gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The molecular weight of the hemagglutinins was estimated to be about 25, 000 from the elution position. These results were different in several points from those previously reported with the hemagglutinins of two red algae, Agardhiella tenera and Cystoclonium purpureum.View full abstractDownload PDF (365K) -
Toshiaki ISHII, Shigeki HIRANO, Mitsue MATSUBA, Taku KOYANAGI1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1375-1380
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConcentrations of trace elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Sr) in twenty four species of shellfishes were measured by means of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The calibration curves of ICP-OES for all elements were almost linear in the concentration range from 0.02 to 20μg/ml in standard solution, but their slopes tended to vary with the quantity of matrix elements. The results of the analysis by ICP-OES were in good agreement with those by AAS. The relative standard deviation of ICP-OES calculated for five time measurements of the same sample was less than two percent for the elements other than Co. The diversity of concentration was insignificant among the twenty four species for Co, Ni and Sr. On the other hand, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd showed a wide difference in concentration among species as well as samples of the same species.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
Hiroshi HASEGAWA, Hisahiko WATANABE, Rikuo TAKAI1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1381-1384
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn aqueous solution of muscle water-soluble protein of Alaska pollack was electrolyzed and the anolyte obtained was mixed in various ratios with the catholyte obtaine. The relationship between the pH value of the mixture and coagulation of water-soluble protein was examined.
The behaviors of the anolyte and catholyte at different pH values were also examined in relation to those of the waer-soluble protein solution acidified or alkalized with chemical reagent. The difference in the behavior between the catholyte and alkalized water-soluble protein solution was not found. On the contrary, coagulum in the anolyte was not compeletely dissolved at pH value of up to 11, but coagulum produced by acidification in the water-soluble protein solution was almost completely dissolved at such a pH value.
When the water-soluble protein solution was heated at various temperatures, coagulation of water-soluble protein occurred in a degree corresponding to the heating temperature. The coagulum was scarcely dissolved in pH range 2-11, but abruptly dissolved at pH value above 12. Isoelectric coagulation also occurred in the water-soulble protein solution previously heated. The pH value of the isoelectric point was shifted toward the more acidic side with an in crease in heating temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Katsuyoshi MORI, Shuzo ITSUKAICHI, Katsuo MURAYAMA, Tadashi NOMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1385-1389
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHigh natural agglutinin activities against sheep erythrocytes were observed in the extracts of the gill (mean titer: 141) and digestive diverticula (DD, mean titer: 128) from adult oyster, Crassostrea gigas, under hanging culture. Lower but considerable activities were found in the extracts of the mantle and adductor muscle. The natural bactericidal activity against HS 29 strain (Arthrobacter sp.) was conspicuously high in the DD extracts (mean titer: 231) and detectable also in the mantle and gill.
The natural agglutinin activites of DD and gill declined sharply with progressive develop ment of the gonad and was minima just before and during the spawning, However, these activities showed a rapid rising trend after the spawning season.
The agglutinin activities of DD and gill were enhanced by the injection of 0.1ml/oyster of 10% sheep erythrocyte suspension into the connective tissue surrounding DD. The bactericidal activity of DD was observed to increase after the injection of formalin-killed HS 29 strain vaccine which was given into the connective tissue surrounding DD (dose: 1.8×108 cells/g fresh soft-body wt.) or the adductor muscle (8.3×105 cells/g fresh soft-body wt.).View full abstractDownload PDF (420K) -
Kiyoshi TSUKIDA, Masayoshi ITO1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1391-1395
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe struchure of kitol, a natural retinol dimer, was reinvestigated. Kitol-A an -B were isolated from whale liver and the former was was recognized as “ kitol ” reported so far. Extensive 1H-NMR (200 MHZ) data for kitol-A and its related compounds (retinyl acetate-tetracyanoethylene adduct, -fumaronitrile addcut, and -crotononitrle adduct) were presented and the structure of kitol-A including its stereochemistry was determined decisively. Kitol-B is believed to be the mono-cis isomer of kitol-A.View full abstractDownload PDF (323K) -
Takeshi YASUMOTO, Akio INOUE, Tadashi OCHI, Kenshiro FUJIMOTO, Yasukat ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1397-1404
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPopulation assays and analyses of sea water were conducted simultaneously at various placs of French Polynesia to investigate environmental factors affecting the distribution and population of Gambierdiscus toxicus. The population of the organism was low at Tahiti Moorea and Bora Bora islands but was extremely high at the Gambier islands. Thus the ciguateric of the surveyed area was well explainable by the abundance of the organism. Nutrients such as the inorganic phosphorus, total phosphorus, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, iron, dissolved organic carbon, and vitamin B12 showed little correlation with the population of G. toxicu. The benthic community consisting of corals, macroalgae and benthic microalgae such as diatoms and dinoflagellates seemed to play an important role in regulating the population of the toxic dinoflagellate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1242K) -
Takeshi YASUMOTO, Yasukatsu OSHIMA, Wataru SUGAWARA, Yasuwo FUKUYO, Ha ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1405-1411
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study a search was made for a platkton which transmit a fat-solublr toxin to shellfish and thus lead to a new type of shellfish poisoning. A regular monitoring on phytoplanktons at 10 m and 24 m depths of Okkirai Bay revealed that the occurrence of a dinoflagellate Dinophysis fortii paralleled well, both in time and quantity, with the variation of mussel toxicity. When sea water samples were passed through sieves of varying mesh sizes, toxicity was detectable only in a sample trapped in a 40-95 μm fraction. D. fortii was not only concentrated exclusively in this fraction but also its abundance was proportional to the toxicity levels of the plankton samples. Possibility of other organism being toxic was eliminated by commparing the abundance of each species in sieved fractions of different sources. The plankton toxin was indistinguishable from the mussel toxin in both gel permeation chromatography and partition chromatography. All the above results unequivocally support that D. fortii is responsible for inducing toxicity in shellfish. It was proposed to name the toxin dinophysistoxin and the poisoning diarrhetic shellfish poisoning.View full abstractDownload PDF (926K) -
Akira OKA, Norio SUZUKI, Takeshi WATANABE1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1413-1418
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA comparison of dietary value for Ayu larvae of rotifers cultured with various kinds of yeasts, produced by supplementing 18:2ω6, 18:3ω3 and cuttlefish liver oil to the culture medium of baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively, was made in order to investigate the EFA requirement of Ayu. These rotifers were found to contain high amounts of 18:2ω6, 18:3ω3 and ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (ω3 HUFA), respectively.
The best growth rate was obtained in the fish fed on the rotifers containing ω3 HUFA, followed by the fish on the rotifers containing 18:3ω3. The fish receiving the rotifers containing 18:2ω6 showed lower growth rate and higher mortaliy than those fed on the fotifers cultured with baker's yeast, suggesting that 18:2ω6 has no EFA value on the growth of Ayu.
Feeding the rotifers containing respectively 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3 brought about a slight elevation in the proportion of 20:4ω6 and 20:5ω3 acids in the total lipids of the fish, suggesting the conversion of 18:2ω6 to 20:4ω6 and 18:3ω3 to 20:5ω3.
These results indicate that ω3 HUFA such as 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 have an EFA value for larval Ayu as for the other fish species.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
Shigeo EHIRA, Tateo FUJII1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1419
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (83K) -
Gunzo KAWAMURA, Waichiro NISHMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 11 Pages 1421
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (62K)
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