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Volume 47, Issue 11
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Katsuo SAITO1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1393-1400
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies on the appearance and growth of 0-year-old Ezo abalone, were made from September 1974 to November 1975 in Toyoura, which were seed-transplanted grounds in south Hokkaido. The same studies were made from November 1976 to December 1977 in one part of Okushiri Island, which is the source of seed supply for Toyoura.
In Toyura, 0-year-old abalones began to appear in November, and ceased to grow for five months since December. They acquired the first annulus on shells of 21 to 22mm in length. The viability of young abalones was quite low, probably owing to the low water temperature of 0 to 1°C in early March.
In Okushiri Islang, young abalones born in that year were found in December, with 3.1 mm-long shells. They continued to grow by 2mmin length per month from June of the next year to December, and then stopped growing and acquired the first annulus on 16.8mm-long shells. In spite of the good water condition for abalone survival in winter, always above 3°C in temperature, the growth rate there was lower than in Binosaki, the poorest place in shell growth in Toyoura.View full abstractDownload PDF (1514K) -
Teisuke MIURA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1401-1409
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to describe the system model of fishing gears (i.e. trap) by a linear Sampled-data system. As a result of it, the variation of the trap model can be described by a state function uniformly and it is enough to estimate the coefficient matrix when considering its dynamic characteristic.
For the triple trap experiment, one thousand “motugo” Pseudorasbora pava were prepared and two hundred of them were released in their several parts of the triple trap by turns,
Time series variation of the number of fish was recorded by VTR.
According to the result, the unique coefficient matrix of this experiment was estimated by the curve fitting method applying the computer simulation technique and it was highly acceptable.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Takashi MINAMI1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1411-1419
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe early life history of a flounder Limanda yokohamae (GÜNTHER) was studied in the western Wakasa Bay, the Japan Sea.
General morphology and characteristics of the larvae and juveniles ranging from 3.05mm to 9.90mm BL, were described.
Judging from records of occurrence of early larvae, actual spawning may occur in the western Wakasa Bay during the short period from late January to early February. Prelarvae were caught mainly off the mouth of Maizuru Bay, early postlarvae were caught around the mouth of the Bay, and late postlarvae were caught mainly in the central part of the Bay. Early juveniles were captured in the beach of the Bay, and this area may be their nursery ground.
Analyses of the gut contents showed that the food items were phytoplankton, veliger larvae and copepod nauplii in prelarvae, veliger larvae, copepod nauplii and copepods in postlarvae, and copepods, nematoda and polychaeta in early juveniles.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
Izumi KANEKO, Yayoi IKEDA, Hisao OZAKI1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1421-1424
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbsorption of calcium from food was investigated in sea urchin Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus by two methods: the use of Cr2O3 or labelled calcium-45CaCl2. The test foods were agar film containing laminarian seaweed powder and these added with Cr2O3 or 45CaCl2. The examinations were carried out at water temperature of 19°C in May and June.
Based on the observed concentration of index substances in test food and faeces, calculated absorption rates of calcium from test food in gut were about 30% in both experiments. It was confirmed that the coelomic fluid is an important route for transport of calcium.View full abstractDownload PDF (190K) -
Izumi KANEKO, Yayoi IKEDA, Hisao OZAKI1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1425-1430
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption of calcium from sea water and its excretion in the sea water, their routes and distribution into each part were studied by exposing to 45CaCl2-sea water and subsequently transfering to non-radioactive sea water in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Radioactivities observed after 28 davs exposure were in order of tooth⟩lantern⟩test⟩coelomic⟩fluid (⟩45CaCl2-sea water)⟩gut⟩gonad, with concentrated 45Ca level in coelomic fluid to that of sea water. Calcium excretion judged from the change in 45Ca concentration of coelomic fluid, was as rapid as absorption. From the experiments using animals with mouth, anus, gill, and test surface variously blocked with adhesive material, the tube feet were thought to be main routes for absorption and excretion of calcium.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
Katuji HONDA, Makoto SUZUKI, Ko MATUDA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1431-1435
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new repeating impact apparatus, driven by means of compressed air, was developed. By using this apparatus, the netting twines of nylon, polyester and vinylon were examined. In the present experiment, the netting twines were applied with impact load 1-2kg and the number of times repeated was 400-20, 000. After repeated impact loading, the characteristics of netting twines; the diameter, the length, the tensile strength and elongation were measured. The breaking energy E was obtained from the strain-stress diagram by using a planimeter. The cumulative energy Es was calculated by the following equation Es=nwh+1'wwhere n is number of repeats, w load, h height, l' cumulative impact elongation.
The following relation was obtained between the breaking energy E and the cumulative energy Es; E/D2=k(Es/D2)-n, where D is diameter of netting twine, k and n constants. The same tendency was seen at the index number n for all netting twines. The strength against repeated impact load was in the ranking of nylon, polyester and vinylon.View full abstractDownload PDF (304K) -
Ken-Ichi HAYASHI, Seiichi TSUMURA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1437-1441
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive species of the genus Lucifer are found in Japanese waters: L. chacei, L. hanseni, L. intermedius, L. penicillifer and L. typus. The first species is probably a new member to the Japanese fauna. The others have been recorded in many previous reports under the invalid name L. reynaudii. A key to these five species and a distributional map are presented. The shape of the thoracic sternal plate as seen under the scanning electron microscops is proposed as a character that can be used to distinguish between feales of L. intermedius and L. penicillifer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1220K) -
Katsutaro YAMAMOTO1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1443-1445
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to obtain the twisting limit of 3-ply cords distinguishing between the wrapped and twisted states.
For an ideal model of cord twisting, the paper-strip wrapped ribbon form is presented. The geometry of the wrapped form shows the existence of two situations where there is an occurence of jamming in contraction and extension. The cord is similar to the wrapped ribbon form but is just jammed in extension. When the helix angle of the wrapped ribbon form just jammed is 45° as a boundary between the contracted state and the extended state, the corresponding cord helix angle, maximum cord helix angle, is estimated to be about 48.5°.View full abstractDownload PDF (125K) -
Yayoi IKEDA, Hisao OZAKI1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1447-1453
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a fundamental step to settle the hemochemical assessment of health or disease in fish, the comparison of various constituent levels of sera sampled by heart puncture and by severing tail peduncle was investigated in carp Cyprinus carpio.
Activities or levels of GOT, LDH, creatine and inorganic phosphorus were consistently higher in sera sampled by severing tail peduncle than in those by heart puncture. These differences were ascertained to be due to contamination from the muscle at cut end. Though modified tail peduncle severing method was attempted to obtain more reliable values, consistent increases in the levels were not observed compared with those by heart puncture. The tail peduncle severing method is very easy and handy, but not suitable for measurement of these constituents.
No differences in the levels or activities of total protein, albumin, glucose, urea-N, total cholesterol, magnesium, creatinine, GPT, AI-P, LAP, amylase and ChE were recognized in sera sampled by both methods. Acid P activity in serum sampled by heart puncture was higher than that by tail peduncle severing.
From the above results, the most suitable blood sampling method should be chosen for the constituent under consideration.View full abstractDownload PDF (551K) -
Takeshi WATANABE, Masahiro WADA, Toshio TAKEUCHI, Shigeru ARAI1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1455-1462
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding experiments were conducted with rainbow trout to compare the assimilation of the four tocopherols (α-, β-, γ- and δ-) and to investigate the interconversion of these tocopherols.
α-Tocopherol in the tissues of rainbow trout was found to consist mainly of tocopherol in the freeform. The accumulation of α-tocopherol in rainbow trout was very high, whereas that of non-α-tocopherols was found to be very low. The accumulation of α-tocopherol reflected the rapid uptake of this vitamin in the livers. The distribution of the individual tocopherols in the muscles was very similar to that in livers, although the concentration of each tocopherol was much lower than that in livers. No conversion of α-tocopherol to non-α-tocopherols was discovered in either the liver or the muscle of rainbow trout, although a slight conversion of δ-tocopherol to γ-tocopherol was suggested by the results obtained in the fish fed on a diet containing δ-tocopherol.View full abstractDownload PDF (980K) -
Takeshi WATANABE, Toshio TAKEUCHI, Masahiro WADA, Ryogo UEHARA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1463-1471
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between the requirement for tocopherol and dietary lipid levels in rainbow trout, and to see whether the vitamin E deficiency of rainbow trout could be induced by elevating dietary lipid levels.
The apparent deficiency symptom was induced for the first time in rainbow trout by feeding them with a diet containing 15% pollock liver oil methyl esters. The fish receiving this diet without tocopherol began to show low appetite and reduced growth ratefrom the 6th week of feeding and were lowest in weight gain. The fish also began to show severe convulsions and to die from the 7th week; 40% of the fish died before the end of the experiment. The addition of 5 mg of α-tocopherol per 100g diet completely prevented the appearance of this syndrome and effectively improved growth to a rate comparable to that of the control group.
The tocopherol requirement and the tissue storage of α-tocopherol in rainbow trout were also found to be greatly affected by the degree of unsaturation of the fat in the diet. Judging from the appearance of the apparent deficiency symptoms and the concentration of tocopherol in the livers. around 10 mg of α-tocopherol per 100g of diet containing 15% lipid should provide adequate protection in most practical rainbow trout diets.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Reiji YOSHINAKA, Mamoru SATO, Shizunori IKEDA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1473-1478
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe conditions for the activation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen in the extract of the pancreas of catfish Paracilurus asotus are described.
The cativation of these zymogens and the stability of the activated enzymes in the extract were in vestigated with respect to temperature, time, pH, and concentrations of Ca2+ and activator (porcine enteropeptidase and bovine trypsin). The optimal conditions for zymogen activation were established: Trypsinogen was activated to maximal level by porcine enteropeptidase (100μg⁄ml) at 4°C after 2-3 days in 50 mM Tris_HCL buffe, pH 8.0, containing 50mM CaCl2. Chymotrypsinogen was activated to maximal level by bovine trypsin (20μg⁄ml) at 4°C after 2-3 days in 50 mM Tris-HCI buffer, pH 8.0, containing 50mM CaCl2.
Both tryptic and chymotrytic activies observed by activation under the optimal conditions were directly related to the amounts of protein in the extract when the protein concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 3.3mg⁄ml and 0.4 to 1.6mg⁄ml, respectively.
The results indicate that the potential activities of zymogens in the pancreas of catfish can be determined by using the above methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (253K) -
Koji SATOMI, Akio SASAKI, Michio YOKOYAMA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1479-1483
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of light on the lipid oxidation and changes in NO-heme and flavor of fish sausage were studied under various storage temperatures with two packaging films having different physical properties. Measurements of TBA value, NO-heme pigment contents, and olfactory evaluation were made with the surface portion of the sausage. The results were as follows.
1. The effect of light on the TBA value appeared more clearly at the high storage temperature of 37 °C than at 15 °C or 5 °C. It was assumed that the light itself had no direct oxidizing effect, but accelerated the oxidation when oxygen penetrated through the film at the higher temperature.
2. The effect of light on the NO-heme degradation developed earlier than on the increase in TBA value. Some possibility of an antioxidant effect of NO-heme was also suggested.
3. The effect on the lipid oxidation and NO-heme degradation was about the same for the sunlight and the fluorescent light.
4. Oxygen permeability of packaging films had more effect than light transmissivity on the NO-heme degradation and the lipid oxidation.
5. Off-odor of the sausage, apparently caused by lipid oxidation, appeared at (15 °C, 15 days) and (5 °C, 45 days) storage in light, whereas no off-odor was detected even after 60 days storage at 15 °C and 5 °C in the dark.
6. Higher correlations were observed between flavor score of sausage and NO-heme contents than between flavor score and the TBA values.View full abstractDownload PDF (315K) -
Chiaki KOIZUMI, Toshiaki OHSHIMA, Shun WADA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1485-1491
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of the components of fish muscle on NaCl-catalyzed oxidation of lipid were examined using a model system consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, NaCl, water extracts of bigeye tuna and halibut muscles, and linoleate. The water activity of the model system was controlled at 0.84. The oxidation rate of linoleate was followed by the determinations of peroxide value and the percentage of unoxidized linoleate remaining in the model system.
Sodium chloride alone catalyzed the oxidation of linoleate. The bigeye tuna extract acted as an accelerator on NaCl-catalyzed oxidation, while its outer fraction after dialysis showed a strong inhibitory effect on the oxidation. On the other hand, the halibut extract acted as an inhibitor on the NaCl-catalyzed oxidation of linoleate. Unlike the tuna extract, the inner fraction of the halibut extract was more effective than the outer fraction on the inhibition of NaCl-catalyzed oxidation.
From these results, we conclude that some components of fish muscle behave as an accelerator and some others act as an inhibitor on the NaCl-catalyzed oxidation of lipid in fish products.View full abstractDownload PDF (459K) -
Akiyoshi KAMATANI, Norio OGURA, Nobutada NAKAMOTO, Masaki FUNAKOSHI, S ...1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1493-1498
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the surface layer of Sagami Bay, the concentrations of phosphate, total inorganic nitrogen, and silicate showed seasonal fluctuations in the range of 0.02-0.7 μg at. P l-1, less than 1.0-11 μg at. N l-1, and less than 5-25 μg at. Si l-1. The following relation has been found for these elements:
P:N:Si=1:12.7:19.7
The infusion of cold water into the subsurface layer was one of the important sources supplying considerable amounts of inorganic nutrients to the euphotic zone, particularly in summer. The amount of chlorophyll a varied widely throughout the year, and no consistent relationship between the seasonal changes of chl. a and the nutrients was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (280K) -
Sanae M. M. IGUCHI, Takahide TSUCHIYA, Juichiro J.MATSUMOTO1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1499-1506
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDenaturation of squid actomyosin during frozen storage was studied by measuring solubility, viscosity, and ATPase activity, and by ultracentrifugal analysis and SDS-electrophoresis. The additive effect of sodium glutamate, well-known for its cryoprotective effect on the freeze denaturation of carp actomyosin, was also checked. When solutions (0.6 M KCI) or suspensions (0.05 M KCI) of the isolated squid actomyosin were stored at -20 ??, the solubility, reduced viscosity and ATPase activity decreased with the length of frozen storage. The ultracentrifugal patterns showed that aggregation proceeded during frozen storage. Evidently, sodium glutamate prevented the freeze denaturation of squid actomyosin, as in the case of carp actomyosin. When the mantle muscle of squid was freeze-stored at -20 ?? and extracted with 0.6 M KCI, the amount of soluble actomyosin extractable from the frozen meat and the ATPase activity of the actomyosin were decreased only slightly even after a long freezing period. This differed from the results with isolated actomyosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (2039K) -
Minoru SATO, Yoshikazu SATO, Yasuhiko TSUCHIYA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1507-1509
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn unusual amino acid, which gave an intense blue color with ninhydrin reagent, was found in the extract of the muscle of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. It was isolated by ion exchange chromatography, followed by preparative paper electrophoresis. This compound was identified as chondrine, L-1, 4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid-1-oxide, on the basis of comparison with the authentic specimen. Chondrine has been found in several marine algae, but not in animal tissues until now.View full abstractDownload PDF (184K) -
Hiroshi KUMAGAI, Kiyoko SAEKI1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1511-1513
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate how the heavy metal content of short-neck clam varies with its growth, the contents of 11 kinds of metals, i.e., mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, zinc, copper, selenium, cobalt, manganese, nickel and chromium, in the edible portion were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and colorimetric and fluorescence analysis.
Examination showed that there are three patterns, that is, increasing, constant and decreasing patterns.
The contents of mercury, cadmium, lead, and arsenic increased with the growth according to the following regression equations: y=106.3×10-3x-2.04, y=108.0×10-3x-1.11, y=104.3×10-3x-0.272 and y=101.2×10-2x-0.106 (y, mercury content; x, shell length). Four metals, zinc, copper, selenium, and cobalt, gave a constant pattern with a variation coefficient less than 7.7%. The last three metals, namely, manganese, nickel and chromium, fit a decreasing pattern with the regression equations: y=10-1.4×10-2x+0.91, y=-5.4×10-3x+0.50, and y=-2.1×10-3x+0.20 respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (155K) -
Mampei SUAUKI, Takahiro TSUJITA, Hiromichi OKUDA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1515-1520
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn mammals, it is well known that, during transport in the blood, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (e. g. VLDL or chylomicrons) are metabolized actively by lipoprotein lipase (E. C. 3.1.1.3) in various endothelial cells and that this lipase is released into the blood stream after intravenous injection of heparin.
In this work, we found that lipase activity appeared in the plasma of the fish Tilapia nilotica after intravenous injection of heparin. This lipase activity was optimal at pH 9.0-9.8 and its activity increased in the presence of NaCl (0.01-2.00M) or protamine sulfate (100-1000μg/ml). These properties are different from those of post-heparin lipoprotein lipases of mammals (e. g. rats and pigs).
This fish serum contained an activator of lipoprotein lipase like apolipoprotein CII or H in human serum. The fish serum greatly increased lipoprotein lipase activity in rat epididymal adipose tissue, but inhibited the lipase activity of fish visceral adipose tissue.View full abstractDownload PDF (262K) -
Takayuki NAKAGAWA, Fumio NAGAYAMA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1521-1526
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA catechol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) was extracted from the gills of the snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. Two active components (E-I and E-II) were obtained. E-II was unstable and lost its activity rapidly; therefore, only E-I was purified. The enzyme was purified about 16-fold, the recovery of enzyme activity was 20%. The enzyme was most active at .p.H 6.2 for catechol. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 380, 000 by gel filtration; its isoelectric point was found to be .p.H 5.0 to 5.2. The activity was inhibited by potassium cyanide, sodium azide, and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, which combines with copper. The enzyme was active toward various diphenols and trihydroxy phenols, and also toward oxidized monophenols such as o-, m-, p-aminophenol, L-tyrosine and its derivatives. The Km value for catechol was 4.1×10-2M.View full abstractDownload PDF (235K) -
Nobukazu SHIBATA, Kunisuke NAKAMURA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1527
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (95K) -
Masaru NAKAMURA1981 Volume 47 Issue 11 Pages 1529
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (123K)
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