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Volume 59, Issue 5
Displaying 1-25 of 25 articles from this issue
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Gang Xu, Takafumi Arimoto, Makoto Inoue1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 745-751
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine the functions of the red and white muscle of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus during swimming locomotion, the fish was dissected to observe muscle distribution along the body. The electrical activity of the lateral muscle was analyzed using an electrophysiological technique. The ratio of red muscle to total muscle in a transverse section of the fish body reached a maximum at a position between 55% and 65% of fork length from the snout. The red and white muscles accounted for 5.1% and 61% of the body weight respectively. The white muscle was 12 times as heavy as the red muscle. In the electromyographic observations, the red muscle was active in sustained swimming at low speeds, whereas there was no electrical activity from the white muscle at speeds below 108cm/s for fish of 17.8cm in fork length. The bursts of discharge appearing in the electromyograph were measured for three components: frequency, amplitude, and duration. The frequency increased in proportion to swimming speed in both muscles. The tendency for the amplitude to increase with swimming speed was much more remarkable in the red muscle than in the white muscle. The duration in the red muscle decreased, whereas in the white muscle it rose with the swimming speed. The results indicate that for jack mackerel only the red muscle is used in sustained swimming, while the white muscle is used during burst swimming above a threshold speed of 6.4BL/s, together with red muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (2161K) -
Noriyuki Koizumi, Yoshiharu Matsumiya, Tokio Wada1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 753-763
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report examines the relationships between six biological indices (condition factor, fat weight ratio, gonad somatic index, body length, mean age, and sex ratio) of Japanese sardine, the sardine stock biomass, and the sea surface temperature in the Doto region. 11, 707 individuals were collected by purse seine in July ?? Oct. during the Years 1978 ?? 90. In terms of yearly biological indices, it became clear with statistical test that the gonad somatic index and indices except the sex ratio should be stratified sex-wise and age-or month-wise respectively. The relationships between the indices, the stock biomass, and the sea temperature was investigated with multiple regression analysis. The multiple regression equations of the indices were generally significant. The partial regression coefficients of variables in the regression equations indicated that the indices had negative and positive relationships to the stock biomass and the sea temperature respectively. In particular, the indices at 2 ?? 3 years of age and in October showed good consistency with the variation in the stock biomass and the sea temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (717K) -
Takao Yoshimatsu, Seiichi Matsui, Chikara Kitajima1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 765-776
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe early development, growth, and morphological changes of keelback mullet Liza affinis are described on the basis of a series of reared specimens. Details on the early developmental stages are illustrated, with special reference to morphological transformations and the development of the digestive tract.
Artificially fertilized eggs were hatched with 51-56h incubation at 21-23°C. On the 5th day after hatching, larvae completed yolk absorption and started feeding at 3.12±0.06mm TL. Notochord flexion started on the 15th day at 4.08±0.33mm TL. Transformation from the larval to the juvenile stage occurred between 9.14mm and 13.0mm TL, from 25 to 34 days after hatching. Rudimentary pyloric caeca appeared and the formation of the gizzard began when the larvae transformed into juveniles. Between 28.6mm and 40.0mm TL, the formation of the third anal spine took place, then simultaneously, juveniles completed the formation of the adult-like digestive tract. Three marked changes occured in the relative growth at approximately 4-5mm TL, 10-14mm TL and 30-50mm TL. These morphometrical changes were closely related to the notochord flexion and two important developmental changes, i.e. the beginning and ending of the juvenile stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K) -
Jin-Chywan Gwo, Hisashi Kurokura, Reijiro Hirano1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 777-782
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fertilizing capacity, motility, and associated morphological changes of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, common carp Cyprinus carpio and marine puffer Fugu niphobles spermatozoa were studied after freeze-thaw. Freeze-thaw spermatozoa underwent an evident efflux of potassium and influx of sodium ions. The fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa of rainbow trout and common carp decreased significantly, and the proportion of motile spermatozoa also decreased. Electron microscopy indicated obvious structural damage, especially in the trout spermatozoa. The fertilizing capacity of marine puffer spermatozoa hardly decreased after freeze-thaw. There may be a pronounced species-specificity in the requirements of the extender, the freezing and thawing method, and the freeze-thaw tolerance of fish spermatozoa.View full abstractDownload PDF (1068K) -
Kazumasa Uematsu, Takashi Ikeda1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 783-788
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe location of the midbrain locomotor region in the carp was investigated by using electrical micro-stimulation (2-10 μA, 50Hz) of the midbrain tegmentum. Swimming, evoked by micro-stimulation of a small area between the aquaeductus mesencephali and the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, appeared very similar to swimming in intact carp. Stimulation of sites outside this region elicited only non-swimming movements of the tail, eyes, and fins. Electromyograms recorded simultaneously from the red and white trunk muscles showed that both muscles were active during swimming evoked even by the lowest threshold stimulation current and that the frequency and amplitude of bursts were correlated with stimulation intensity. We suggest that the region specified in the present study is involved in the initiation and control of swimming in the carp. The origin of projections to the spinal cord is assumed to be located in the nucleus fasciculus longitudinalis or the nucleus ruber.View full abstractDownload PDF (1034K) -
Nobuyoshi Nanba1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 789-794
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRegeneration from segments of sporelings in Myagropsis myagroides and Sargassum horneri was studied in laboratory culture. They were cut into a series of four segments: first leaf, upper portion of stem with basal part of first leaf and second leaf, lower portion of stem with basal part of rhizoids, and rhizoids. These segments were cultured for 2 weeks at 20°C under three different light intensities with 12L/12D. In M. myagroides cultured at 2000-2800lx, rhizoids regenerated from segments of the first leaf and the upper portion of the stem. More-over, both rhizoids and adventitious branches regenerated from segments of the lower portion of the stem. In S. horneri cultured at 2000-2800lx, rhizoids regenerated from segments of the upper portion of the stem, while adventitious branches regenerated from segments of rhizoids. Furthermore, both rhizoids and adventitious branches regenerated from segments of the first leaf and the lower portion of the stem. These results indicate that segments of the upper and lower portion of the stem of M. myagroides and a series of four segments of S. horneri have totipotency. Regeneration of segments was inhibited in both species cultured in total darkness and at 200-3001x.View full abstractDownload PDF (1140K) -
Makoto Shiba1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 795-800
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy applying joule heat, a continuous manufacturing apparatus for kamaboko gel equipped with a driving electrode and electric current controllers was designed.
Salt-ground meat and seasoned salt-ground meat from two fish species, with and without pretreatment under low pressure using a vacuum kneader, were subjected to this apparatus. Kamaboko gel was formed by continuous extrusion at a speed of 600 ?? 700g/min while manufacturing 90°C with joule heat.
The gel strength of kamaboko gel thus prepared from the salt-ground meat as well as the seasoned salt-ground meat, pretreated under a vacuum, reached a higher value than those from the same materials without vacuum treatment. However, the gel strength was almost at the same level between kamaboko gels formed by applying joule heat and by heating in a water thermobath.View full abstractDownload PDF (1611K) -
Shigefumi Sasaki, Toru Ota, Toru Takagi1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 801-806
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydrocarbon composition in the flesh and liver of salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, O. keta, O. mykiss, and O. kisutch, caught in the Gulf of Alaska were analyzed with open-tubular gas-liquid chromatography. The hydrocarbon contents of total lipids were 0.04-0.12% in the flesh and 0.22-0.67% in the liver, respectively. The salmon had normal hydrocarbons ranging in chain length from C13 to C28 with an odd-chain predominance. The major hydrocarbons in present samples were pristance and squalene. The sums of these two components exceeded half of the total hydrocarbons in both tissues of the salmon. C10, C20, and C25 isoprenoid hydrocarbons were also detected in this study. While the results in this study suggested that there were relatively small differences in the hydrocarbon composition depending on the species, hardly an difference in the hydrocarbon composition was observed depending on the year of catch and locality in the Gulf of Alaska.View full abstractDownload PDF (363K) -
Shigeru Itakura, Mineo Yamaguchi, Ichiro Imai1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 807-813
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResting spore formation and germination were investigated using a clonal culture of Chaetoceros didymus var. protuberans (LAUDER) GRAN & YENDO under laboratory conditions. The effects of nutrient depletion (N or P) and darkness were studied on resting spore formation. Ch. didymus cells were grown at a temperature of 22°C deg;, under a light intensity of 160μmol m-2 s-1 using cool white lamps with a photo-cycle of 14hL-10hD. Three types of modified medium, i.e. nutrient-repleted (SWM-3: 2mM NO3-N, 0.1mM PO4-P), phosphate-limited (2mM NO3-N, 1.25μM PO4-P), and nitrate-limited (25μM NO3-N, 0.1mM PO4-P), were used for the experiment. Resting spores were observed only in N-limited cultures, while formed resting spores were much more frequently observed in N-limited cultures which were transferred to the dark at the onset of the stationary phase. Newly formed resting spores were stored in the dark at 22°C. After 8-day storage, the spores did not germinate under adequate conditions for germination (22°C, 160μmol m-2 s-1 with 14hL-10hD phote-cycle). After 13-day storage, the spores germinated within 1-2 days under the same conditions. Resting spores of Ch. didymus var. protuberans seem to have a short period (8-13 days) of mandatory dormancy during which the spores will not germinate. The results obtained in this study suggest that N-limitation was necessary to trigger resting spore formation, and that darkness was essential for resting spore maturation (acquisition of germinability).View full abstractDownload PDF (1929K) -
Noboru Kato, Nam-Hyouck Lee, Kouiti Fukuda, Ken-ichi Arai1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 815-820
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe stick types of crab leg and scallop adductor analogs were frozen and stored at various temperatures (-10 to -35°C) for 2 months. The changes in the qualities of the sample were evaluated by measuring jelly strength and free drip as well as with a sensory test.
The jelly strength and the content of the free drip increased with the storage time al each storage temperature. These changes increased as the storage temperature went up from -35 to -10°C. The products which were kept in the cold at -10°C for 2 months released a large amount of free drip and gave a feeling of very firm texture in sensory evaluation, resulting in a loss of commercial value. The products stored at -20°C under-went deterioration within one month when they were thawed once during frozen storage.
These results indicated that the quality of frozen seafood analog is largely affected by the storage temperature along with the period of frozen storage.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Sadao Shimeno, Michihiko Kumon, Hiroaki Ando, Masaharu Ukawa1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 821-825
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA long-term feeding experiment was carried out with young yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata to examine the possibility of practical use of formulated diets with single moist pellets (SMP) and extruded pellets (EP) containing 20 and 30% defatted soybean meal (SBM) as a partial substitute for fish meal. The fish fed with the SMP and EP diets with SBM for 12 weeks showed similar growth, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio to those fed with the control diet. Though feeding SBM diets tended to enlarge their digestive tract appreciably, there were no marked differences in body composition or hematological or serum characteristics between groups throughout the experimental period. Furthermore, similar retentions of dietary protein, fat, and energy in the body were observed in all groups regardless of the dietary types and SBM levels tested. These results indicate that commercial SBM can substitute for fish meal for up to 30% of practical diets for yellowtail.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Sadao Shimeno, Duan-Cun Ming, Masahiko Takeda1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 827-833
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOreochromis niloticus were fed for 30 days on isoenergetic diets containing different levels of carbohydrate (3-48%) and lipid (25-5%), and the growth, body composition, and hepatic enzyme activity were determined to clarify the metabolic response to dietary carbohydrate and lipid. The activities of hepatic glucosephosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase together with glycogen content increased with increases in dietary carbohydrate (decrease in lipid) levels, while those of glucose-6-phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase tended to decrease, as did plasma lipid concentration. The growth performance and protein-sparing effect were elevated with increases in dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios. These findings suggest that feeding carbohydrate accelerates glycolysis and lipogenesis and decelerates gluconeogenesis and amino acid degradation in the liver. This metabolic response seems to explain their high ability to utilize dietary carbohydrate and its protein-sparing effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (515K) -
Takafumi Shikata, Driss Kheyyali, Sadao Shimeno1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 835-839
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCommon carp Cyprinus carpio were fed a commercial diet for 30 days at different feeding rates (100, 90, 80, 70, 50, 30, and 0% of satiation), and the activities of hepatopancreatic enzymes and body composition were determined. The concentrations of serum triglyceride, phospholipid, and cholesterol as well as body fat and glycogen decreased as the feeding rate decreased, while those of serum glucose and amino acid did not markedly change. Serum free fatty acid concentration in the 0% group was higher than those in the other groups. With a decrease in the feeding rates, the activities of hepatopancreatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADP-malate dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase, and pyruvate kinase were significantly depressed, while those of alanine aminotransferase and glucose-6-phosphatase were not markedly changed. The results suggest that the severe feed restriction accelerated free fatty acid and glycogen mobilization, maintained gluconeogenesis and amino acid degradation, and depressed glycolysis and lipogenesis in carp hepatopancreas.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Toshiko Mitsuhashi, Aritsune Uchida, Yuzaburo Ishida1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 841-846
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the trigger mechanisms of bacterial germination, the initial swelling of spores under various pH conditions was followed by measuring the spore volume for 1 hour by means of the Coulter Counter method. Rapid swelling during germination was observed in the spores which were pretreated with L-alanine for 10 min under a pH condition between 5 and 9. This rapid spore swelling under conditions in which spores were triggered to germinate within 10 min in the presence of L-alanine was inbibited by D-alanine. This inhibition was less when the spores were pretreated in a weak acidic condition than that under neutral or alkaline conditions. These results indicate that spores are committed to germinaing with L-alanine at pH 5 or pH 6 and that this commitment is not greatly inhibited by D-alanine.
Spores were pretreated at pH 5 and 6 for 0 to 10 min and then incubated with L-alanine under the same pH condition for a resting period (total 10 min) before D-alanine was added. The best spore swelling conditions at pH 5 and 6 were 2 min acid treatment plus 8 min incubation with L-alanine and 4 min acid treatment plus 6 min incubation with L-alanine, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Toshiko Mitsuhashi, Aritsune Uchida, Yuzaburo Ishida1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 847-850
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of organic acids on swelling of Bacillus subtilis during germination was followed by measuring changes in the cell volume by means of the Coulter Counter method. There was a direct correlation between the chain length of organic acids and the extent of inhibition of swelling of spores. Propanoic acid, butanoic acid, and 3-methyl-butanoic acid are more inhibitory than formic acid and acetic acid, The former may not be able to penetrate the spore coat and cortex layer of spores or neutralize electronegative groups which maintain high hydrostatic pressure in the spore cortex and inhibit germinants such as L-alanine from permeating or binding to specific triggering sites on the core membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (270K) -
Aritsune Uchida, Tomoaki Ooguri, Takehiro Ishida, Yuzaburo Ishida1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 851-855
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethionine has been shown to be an efficient precursor for the biosynthesis of dimethylthiopropanoic acid (DMTP) in the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. The methyl group, C-3 and C-4 carbons, and sulfur atom of methionine were incorporated into DMTP, whereas C-1 carbon of methionine was not incorporated into DMTP. The results indicate that methionine was converted to DMTP by decarboxylation, deamination, oxidation, and methylation. The order of these conversions has not yet been demonstrated.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
Akira Nomura, Yoshiaki Itoh, Takahito Soen, Atsushi Obatake1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 857-864
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGel-forming ability at 30-90°C of unwashed or washed meat from 19 fish species, which were caught off Kochi Prefecture and are usually used for Age-mono (a fried product of fish meat paste), was investigated to utilize their meat as raw materials for Kamaboko.
The fish species used could be classified into the following 4 groups. Type I (3 species): neither unwashed nor washed meat gels disintegrated at any temperature examined. Type II (3 species): unwashed meat gels disintegrated at about 60°C, but washed ones improved. Type III (6 species): both unwashed and washed meat gels disintegrated at about 60°C. Type IV (7 species): unwashed meat gels disintegrated at about 60°C, but washed ones newly disintegrated at about 40°C. The gel forming ability at 80°C of Type I (unwashed or washed meat) and Type II (washed meat) was enough for Kamaboko and that of Type III was also improved to some extent by washing.
It was suggested that washing the meat is not necessary for Type I and is useful for Types II and III, but that it is not good for Type IV. It should be emphasized that the fish of Type IV are a novel group in view of the fact that the Modori-phenomenon was newly induced at around 40°C by washing the meat, accompanied by the degradation of myosin heavy chain.View full abstractDownload PDF (1021K) -
Tetsuhito Hayashi, Huifeng Ren, Tomoaki Akiba, Hideaki Endo, Etsuo Wat ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 865-873
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHot water and autolytic extracts were prepared from 7 species of unutilized small crab. Amino acids, nucleotides, and other taste-active components were measured quantitatively to evaluate their flavor profile as a seasoning material. Their chemical composition did not show any big difference from that of commercially availablle large edible crabs except for the fluctuation in free amino acid concentration between sexes reported previously. According to sensory analysis, all hot water extracts were rich in sweetness and Umami. Autolytic extracts increased these two primary qualities a little, but bitterness also rose to more than double. Favorable tests revealed that two Calappa species and Ovalipes were the prospective raw materials for seasoning production. The other four species except for Plagusia could be also utilized after harmonization with other natural seasonings.View full abstractDownload PDF (583K) -
Wanchai Worawattanamateekul, Masahiro Matsuda, Koichi Okutani1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 875-878
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn extracellular, sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from a marine strain of Pseudomonas, designated MIL-1, which was originally isolated from the green algae Codium fragile. The structure of this polysaccharide was determined by means of 1H NMR analysis, methylation, and periodate oxidation. The polysaccharide has the following structure: ??View full abstractDownload PDF (270K) -
Takeshi Suzuki, Kiyonori Nakai, Yumiko Yoshie, Takaaki Shirai, Toshiyu ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 879-884
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDigestibility of the edible brown alga kombu was studied by feeding rats for 28 days. Food intake of both rats fed with basal and kombu diets was statistically similar. Body weights of kombu groups were significantly lighter, but their fecal weights were heavier, when compared with their counterparts with diets excluding kombu. There were no major differences in the weights of liver, pancreas, and kidney, but cecum, small intestine, and large intestine of rats fed with kombu were significantly heavier than those without kombu. With the kombu diet, in the early feeding period protein digestibility was signi-ficantly lower than in the control, but the digestibility of kombu groups recovered to the level of the control in the late feeding period. Fat digestibility in the kombu diet was significantly higher than that in the basal diet. Digestibility of insoluble and total dietary fibers in the kombu diet tended to increase in the feeding period. Alginate digestibility significantly increased, and the molecular weight of alginate was down by 60%. Since the molar ratio of mannuronic and guluronic acids in alginate decreased significantly in the feeding period, mannuronic acid may be more decomposable in comparison with guluronic acid in rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (481K) -
Reiichiro Hirota, Shizuko Tajima, Motoo Fujiki1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 885
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Hajime Yasui1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 887
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Hisao Kamiya, Koji Muramoto, Rina Goto, Nobuhiro Kanno, Yoshio Endo, T ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 889
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (114K) -
Kadoo Miyaki, Kazuma Yoshikoshi, Osame Tabeta1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 891
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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1993 Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 918
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (42K)
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