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Volume 69, Issue 6
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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TAMAO NOGUCHI2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 895-909
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMarine toxins are natural toxins which marine organisms possess, such as tetrodotoxin (TTX), paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), ciguateric toxin, diarrhetic shellfish poison (DSP), "aobudai-doku" (palytoxin (PTX) or PTX like substance) and so on, which are causative agents of food poisoning by the ingestion of marine products. Recent studies on marine toxins are clarifying the wide distribution of marine toxins in many kinds of organisms and the intoxication mechanism via the food chain, starting from toxin production by micro organisms. Recent global environmental changes appear to have caused several cases of ciguateric poisoning in temperate zones. Since infestation of marine toxins in bivalves might hinder the development of the fishery industry, measures for preventing such contamination should be established in the near future. This paper outlines, recent progress concerning marine toxins from the viewpoint of fishery science and food hygiene.View full abstractDownload PDF (1582K) -
YOSHINORI HIRAOKA, NOBUAKI ARAI, KENJI NAKAMURA, WATARU SAKAMOTO, HIRO ...2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 910-916
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJapanese sea bass Latepmbrax japonicus, captured in the western shore protection region of Kansai International Airport in Osaka Bay, were released near the place of capture with coded ultrasonic transmitters attached (9 individuals in August 2001 and 11 individuals in November 2001). The behaviors of these fish were monitored with 10 ultrasonic receivers, set along the western seawall (8 receivers) and off-shore (2 receivers). As a result, half of the fish provided continuous signals, whereas the others ceased to send signals immediately after the release. The signals of fish which sent continuous signals also broke off for over one day, suggesting that the sea bass occasionally went beyond the range of the receivers (ca. 350 m). Fish often failed to send signals during the neap tide until the spawning season and drning a cold spell or after an atmospheric depression in the spawning season. We suggest that their off-shore migration is related to tidal and atmospheric changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (967K) -
SHIGENOBU OKUMURA, YASUHISA KAYANO, KOUJI KUSAKA, SEIICHI TSUMURA, KEI ...2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 917-925
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo develop an artificial nursery reef for stocked red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara juveniles, a release experiment was carried out using artificial reefs which contained mesh pipes each with a string of scallop shells. We used two different methods of spacing the scallop shells, the spacer type (3 cm long plastic tubes between each shell) and the non-spacer type. Three reefs of each type were installed on the bottom ofl Shiraishi Island, central Seto Inland Sea in July 2000. One thousand red spotted grouper juveniles were released into each experimental reef (total number 6, 000) in October 2000. Underwater observations and salvage operations were conducted several times to estimate the number of residual fish and their foraging activity over about one year after release. These observations indicated that both types of the experimental reef provided shelter and had a food organism propagation function for the released fish. The number of residual fish were generally larger in the spacer type reef. A reef with appropriate spacing will be suitable as a nursery reef for released juvenile red spotted grouper.View full abstractDownload PDF (1385K) -
KAZUTAKA SHIMODA, KAZUAKI NAITO, MIYUKI NAKAJIMA, YOSHITAKA SASAKI, NA ...2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 926-932
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between marine survival and specific growth rate, and smolt size at release of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou was examined by the method of individual tagging. A total of 4829 smolts of hatchery reared masu salmon were released on 28 May, 1998 in the coastal waters of southern Hokkaido Island, Japan. Seventy nine individuals were recaptured from June 1998 to May 1999 by coastal commercial fisheries in the coastal waters of Hokkaido and northern Honshu Island. A positive correlation between smolt size and recapture rate was observed. The mean smolt size of recaptured fish from June to July in 1998 was larger than that of all released individuals. The result suggested that the survival rate at the beginning of marine life was influenced by smolt size. A negative correlation between specific growth rate in the sea and smolt size was found. We conclude that an increase in smolt size is effective in increasing the recapture rate. However, the method is not effective in increasing the recaptured body size.View full abstractDownload PDF (913K) -
OSAMU MOMOSE, SHIRO TAKEI, YOUICHI MAEKAWA, MAKOTO UCHIDA, HIROAKI SOM ...2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 933-939
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe visual accommodation system and ganglion cell distribution of the dolphin fish were examined. A well-developed lens muscle (muscles retractor lentis) was observed in the eyes. The lens muscle was composed of two muscle elements, main lens muscle and accessory lens muscle. The main lens muscle is commonly triangular in shape, however, the accessory lens muscle is a vertically-arranged rod-like component. The lens muscle nerve contains about 240 myelinated fibers. The area centralis is found in the temporal retina, the ganglion cell density is 12500 cells/mm2, and the resulting visual acuity is about 8.3 cycles/degree. The ecological significance of the well-developed accommodation system and the area centralis is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2212K) -
AOI HASEGAWA, TETSUYA TAKATSU, KAZUO IMURA, NOBUAKI NANJO, TOYOMI TAKA ...2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 940-947
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe feeding habits of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larvae were investigated in Mutsu Bay, northern Japan. Larvae were collected by horizontal hauls with a plankton net (80 cm diameter and 0.35 mm mesh aperture) or MTD nets (56 cm diameter and 0.35 mm mesh aperture) at two stations in the bay from June 15 to June 29, in 1999 and May 30 to June 28, in 2001. At the first feeding stage, larvae fed mainly on tintinids, Undella sp., copepod nauplii, mainly Paracalanus sp., and Oikopleura sp. Food items for larger larvae were Oikopleura sp. and copepodites. The larvae with nauplii in the diet at the first feeding stage were more frequently found in 2001 (55%) than in 1999 (16%). In the environment, the abundance in the biovolume of Paracalanus nauplii in 2001 was about 1.2-2.0 times larger than that in 1999. Allometric growth curves between notochord length and body weight show that larvae were plumper in 2001 than those in 1999. Therefore, the feeding intensity and the somatic condition of larval Japanese flounder at the initial feeding stage would be vulnerable to change in naupliar abundance in the environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1068K) -
TOSIO MISIMA, JUN FUJII, KATSUYASU TACHIBANA, MUTSUYOSI TSUCHIMOTO2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 948-954
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFragmentation of myofibrils at various storage temperatures (0, 15, and 30°C) was studied using carp acclimated to 10°C (group L) and 30°C (group H). Fragmentation of myofibrils tended to proceed faster in group H than in group L at all storage temperatures. We examined some of the factors which might influence this difference in fragmentation of myofibrils between groups L and H. The increasing rate in extent of contraction of muscle was higher in group H than in group L at 0°C, hardly differed between groups L and H at 15°C, and was much lower in group H than in group L at 30°C. Calpain activity of group H was higher than that of group L at reaction temperatures of 25°C and 30°C, whereas the activity of group H was slightly lower than that of group L from 0°C to 20°C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase activities were higher in group L than in group H at almost all the reaction temperatures from 0°C to 30°C. Consequently, it was suggested that the difference in the fragmentation rate of myofibrils between groups L and H might be caused by these factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (962K) -
HISAE KASAI, MAMORU YOSHIMIZU2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 955-959
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeawater in a fishing port was electrolyzed to induce hypochlorite up to approximately 1 mg/L for the reduction of viable bacterial count because disinfection of seawater is important for the prevention and control of hazards in seafoods. The number of viable bacteria in a fish holding tank was lowered from 104-105 mg/L to 100-1O1 mg/L after electrolization of seawater and the low level of viable bacterial count was kept for at least 3 hours. The reduction rate of chlorine concentration of the electrolyzed seawater in the fish holding tank was reduced by the addition of ice and by covering with a thermal insulating sheet. However, the chlorine concentration decreased when fish were put into the fish holding tank. In a fisher-boat tank, viable bacterial count remained less than 100 CFU/mL for at least 60 minutes when ice was present. It was also shown that electrolyzed seawater was useful for disinfection of deck or fishing equipment.View full abstractDownload PDF (658K) -
MAYUKO MORITA, YOHEI SEKI, NAOHIRO GOTOH, TAKAO FUJITA, SHUN WADA2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 960-967
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lipid content and fatty acid composition of abdominal muscle, dorsal muscle, dark muscle, skin, ventricle, atrium, artery ball, liver, intestine, pyloric caucus, and orbit in the skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, were investigated based on the comparison of lipids between "Nobori-Katsuo", skipjack tuna migration northward along the Pacific coast of Japan in spring, and "Kudari-Katsuo", skipjack tuna migration southward along the Pacific coast of Japan in autumn. The amount of triglyceride in the dorsal muscle, dark muscle, atrium, pyloric caucus and intestine was fairly higher in "Kudari-Katsuo" compared with that of "Nobori-Katsuo". The fact suggests that the triglyceride in these parts of "Nobori-Katsuo" was preferentially used for the energy of migration compared to the other parts. Conversely, the amount of triglyceride and fatty acid composition in the orbit were almost the same between "Nobori-Katsuo" and "Kudari-Katsuo". The relative amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was lower in almost all parts of "Kudari-Katsuo".View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
HIDEKI KISHIMURA, TAKAO OJIMA, KENJI HAYASHI, KIYOYOSHI NISHITA2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 968-974
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSite-directed mutagenesis study of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from the pyloric ceca of starfish Asterina pectinifera was used to probe the relationship between polar-group specificity and structure of the pancreatic loop region. The sequence of the cDNA encoding the starfish PLA2 was exchanged by the oligonucleotide-directed dual amber-long and accurate polymerase chain reaction method to insert Lys residue between Cys 62 and Gly63 of the wild-type PLA2 (WT PLA2) expressed by Escherichia coli. The modified cDNA was inserted into the expression plasmid pET-16b, and PLA2 mutant was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) by induction with isopropyl-β-D (-)-thiogalactopyranoside. The PLA2 mutant produced as inclusion bodies was dissociated with urea and 2-mercaptoethanol and renatured by dialyzing against Tris-HCl buffer. Renatured PLA2 mutant showed essentially the same properties as the WT PLA2 with respect to positional specificity of substrate, optimum pH and Ca2+ requirement. However, the PLA2 mutant hydrolyzed phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) more effectively than the WT PLA2. Therefore, it was suggested that the structure of the pancreatic loop region may be associated with polar-group specificity of PE.View full abstractDownload PDF (1131K) -
SEIJI KATANO, TOMOYUKI OKI, YUKA MATSUO, KUNITOSHI YOSHIHIRA, YASUO NA ...2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 975-980
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe hydrolyzed pearl oyster meat with alkaline pro tease treatment. We administered orally hydrolysate of pearl oyster meat to 8 week-old male SHR/Izm. As a result, the systolic blood pressure of SHR fell significantly from our last quotation of 202.4 mmHg to 180.0 mmHg in six hours. We controlled, isolated and identified four kinds of physiologically active peptides with low molecular weight and high level of ACE inhibition, and refined and identified them as Phe-Tyr, Ala-Trp, Val-Trp, and Gly-Trp with reversed phase chromatography. Among them, Ala-Trp was new and naturally occurring peptide. We estimated that the percentage contributing to ACE inhibition by those four peptides is 4.5%. Based on the study, we believe that promote pearl oyster meat as nutritious and functional food reduces blood pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (783K) -
AKIKO KANEMARU, NARUMI SATO, ICHIRO KAWAZOE, YUZURU SUZUKI, KATSUMI AI ...2003 Volume 69 Issue 6 Pages 981-983
Published: November 15, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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