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Volume 39, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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TEIJIRO KITAO1983 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages P115-P120
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1983 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages P121-P127
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HIROSHI KINOSHITA1983 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages P128-P132
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Yuzo Yamamoto, Naoshi Watanabe, Muneo Kimura, Shigetake Kinoshita1983 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages T139-T145
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA preoriented isotactic polypropylene film, which was prepared by drawing and annealing (Ta=157°C), was highly redrawn at an angle of α (α=0, 30, 45, 60 and 90°) to the preoriented direction at Trd (Trd=110 and 157.5°C). For the film B (Trd=110°C), the original structure, though slightly remained, was almost transformed into a new structure with two types of crystal orientation and the amorphous orientation function fam showed such high value as 0.568-0.633. For the film C (Trd=157.5°C), the WAXD patterns showed no reflections based on the original structure, but indicate a high degree of crystal orientation. On the other hand, the value of fam is considerably lower than that for the film B and it is considered that the strained amorphous chains formed by the redrawing, may relax during the redrawing at a higher temperature. Both films, B and C showed a dependence of Tm on heating rate, say, an effect generally known as superheating. The superheating effect may be attributed to the strained amorphous chains (tie chains) and to the crystallite size for the films B and C, respectively. Dynamic moduli of the films B and C (α=45°) were 9 and 6GPa, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1837K) -
Hirohisa Yoshida, Yasuji Kobayashi1983 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages T146-T153
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relaxation behavior of polystyrene (PS) and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) with annealing at temperatures below Tg (non-equilibrium annealing) was studied as a function of the excess enthalpy which was calculated from the absorption of thermal energy as measured by DSC. And also, the non-equilibrium annealing effect on the swelling behavior of PS and SAN with ethanol was investigated. The rate of enthalpy relaxation of SAN with annealing below Tg was equal to that of PS at the same Tg-Ta. It was turned out that the rate of relaxation was hardly affected by the presence of 38mole% of acrylonitrile. It was expected that the mechanisms of enthalpy relaxation process of PS and SAN were identical. The swelling test with ethanol was carried out for the original and annealed samples at 40°C. It became clear that the swelling process of polymeric glasses were affected with annealing below Tg. The non-equilibrium annealing delayed the beginning of swelling. However, the diffusion rate of ethanol was affected slightly with annealing after the beginning of swelling. The swelling process of PS was affected with annealing more than SAN.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Yoshinori Katayama, Yukio Shimizu, Jiro Shimizu1983 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages T154-T159
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe apparent density of cut tobacco is one of the most important physical properties, because it has a high correlation to the bulkiness (Filling value) relating closely to the reduction of materials in cigarette production. In addition, it is related to the burning characteristics of cigarettes which have a great influence on the taste and aroma of smoke, and to the conditions of separating, transporting and drying processes of cigarette making. However, the conventional measurement method (the oil impregnation method) has the disadvantages of long operating time. For a rapid and convenient measurement of apparent density, the “mercury displacement” method was investigated using the large mercury surface tension. And the results obtained are as follow.
1) The apparent specific volume of cut tobacco in the pressure range of about 200 to 300g-f/cm2 was recognized to be in the nearly costant state, though it slightly decreased with the increase in pressure. The apparent density of each sample obtained under the pressure of 250g-f/cm2 agreed with the value by other methods, and it was adopted as the standard pressure in this method.
2) Under the standard pressure, it was confirmed experimentally that the mercury would not enter into the concave surface and the pore of diameter less than 60μm. And the pore of diameter above 60μm could not be observed in the surface of ordinary cut tobacco.
3) The values of apparent density and their accuracy obtained by this standardized method were almost the same as those obtained by the conventional method. The time required for this operation was about 15 min, which was one-third for the time of the conventional method.
4) The apparent density of cut tobacco consisting of the ordinary grain size distribution could be measured exactly by the pressure of 250g-f/cm2 and sample weight of 1-2g (in case of 25cm3 sample cell) as the standardized procedure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1067K) -
Takuma Jinda, Masaru Noyori, Toshikazu Matsuda1983 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages T160-T166
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain melt-processable wholly aromatic crystalline polymers, twenty-six new aromatic polyetheresters were synthesized by means of melt-polymerization and their thermal properties (m. p., glass transition temperature, etc.) were measured by DSC. Among these polymers, sixteen crystalline polymers were obtained, which melted in the temperature range of about 260_??_340°C without thermal degradation. These include (1) polymers containing appropriate meta-oriented components and (2) polymers consisting of only para-oriented components and having benzene ring linked with one ester bond. These polymers could be melt-spun and heat-drawn and the tensile properties and thermal stabilities of these fibers were evaluated. It was observed that tenacity and elongation decreased with increase of the crystallinity caused by heat treatment and the degree of this physical deterioration depended on the polymer species and affected the apparent thermal stability.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Toki Doke, Hitomi Mishima, Miyoko Murase, Haruo Nakayasu1983 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages T167-T172
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe factors affecting the applicability of contraction along a sewing line of a clothing portion were investigated by a model sewing experiment and by fastening a sleeve to the shoulder of a suit.
At first, the test sewing to give a designated amount of shirring was carried out along a straight line on rectangular shaped sample cloths. Then the shape and the size of the crease formed on both sides of the sewing line were discussed in terms of clothing material parameters. It is considered that the creases formed are smaller when the contraction in the length along the sewing line is compensated by structural changes of the fabrics such as the change of the thread contact in the texture.
The fabrics having a loose structure, the length of which can be changed easily by applying a small force to any direction can be shirred leaving hardly visible, small creases on both sides of the sewing line. Materials having the loose fabric structure cause relaxation of shirring effect at the texture positions of the woven threads so that the transmission of the shirring effect terminates within a short distance, whereas two dimensional, solid materials such as aluminium foils or papers show a very small relaxation effect and leave longer creases.
Taking into consideration the above results, the shape of the sleeves fastened to the shoulder of a suit was evaluated for various clothing materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (1803K) -
Tokuhisa Miyamatsu, Noboru Oguchi1983 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages T173-T180
Published: April 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing heat adhesive fibrous ion exchanger, reported in previous paper, the study of preparation of ion exchange membrane was carried out as follows.
1) The ion exchange paper is made of very fine fibrous ion exchanger.
2) After drying, the paper is heat-pressed under the pressure of 100_??_150kg/cm2, at 150°C, for a few minutes to form a membrane structure. The characteristics of the ion exchange membrane are as follows.
a) The ion exchange membrane has a well-uniformed cross section, in which the figure of the fibrous ion exchanger disappears initially.
b) Through the treatment of the above membrane in hot water, the micro cracks bring forth. This is available for decreasing the specific resistance and controlling the ionic transport coefficient number.
3) The main characteristics of the ion exchange membrane under optimum condition are as follows:
Through this method, various membranes - membrane of cation-anion stucked together, fiber reinforced membrane and cation-anion mosaic membrane are easily prepared.View full abstractDownload PDF (1824K)
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