All issues
Volume 46, Issue 4
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Kazumasa UEMATSU, Kunio YAMAMORI, Isao HANYU, Takashi HIBIYA1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 395-400
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn electromyographic study was conducted on the female chum salmon which engaged in natural spawning in a small tank. Electrodes were implanted in the dorsal, ventral, and dark portions of the lateral trunk musculature (LTM) of the fish. It was found that every site of recording gave a strong burst of potentials (500-800 μV) lasting several seconds (3.45-6.50 s), simultaneously with extrusion of eggs by the fish. This indicates that almost all LTM keep on contracting convulsively during oviposition. Presumably, the continuous and synchronous contractions of LTM produce an increase in the abdominal pressure, by which the ovulated eggs are squeezed out through the genital opening.
The muscular and neural mechanisms involved in oviposition of salmon are different from those in swimming, when short, alternative contractions of the left and the right LTM, instead of a long spasmodic, take place. It may be that in the higher CNS there is a center (or centers) which is superior to the spinal locomotive centers and functions only when the fish oviposits.View full abstractDownload PDF (3004K) -
Tasuku WATANABE, Kazuyoshi TANAKA, Osamu TAMURA, Yasuhito NAKAGAWA, Ke ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 401-406
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe normal and virus-infected cells of the cell line, YNK, derived from the kidney of Yamame, Oncorhynchus masou, were studied at the ultrastructural level. The spindle-shaped YNK cells had an elongated nucleus with one or two nucleoli. Very prominent desmosomes were often seen between two neighbouring cells. The cells had a well developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and numerous mitochondria. Many small vasicular invaginations, one of the characteristics of active pinocytotic cells, were seen adjacent to the cell membrane. These properties suggest that YNK cells were derived from the epithelium of the distal tubules of the collecting tubules of Yamame kidney.
YNK cells had at least 10 times the sensitivity of RTG-2 cells to the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. The virus particles were found in the cisternae of the well developed rER. Those facts sugest that the main target cells of the virus are the epithelial cells with well developed rER, such as pancreatic aciner cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, and liver parenchymal cells.
YNK cells also had as much sensitivity against the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus as that of RTG-2 cells. Numerous virus particles were found in intercellular spaces, and were matured by budding from the plasma membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (1839K) -
Akira OCHIAI, Hiroshi NABESHIMA, Susumu UMEDA, Izumi HASEGAWA1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 407-412
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGonad maturation and changes in lipid content in the liver, viscera, lateral muscle and gonad of 3 year old yellowtail were investigated by 38 specimens taken from March 17 to May 25. The body length of the specimens ranged from 62.5cm to 76.5cm in the wild fish, and from 68.1cm to 84.0cm in the cultured fish. The gonad of the wild or cultured fish was complete by matrue from the middle of April to early in May, and evidently degenerated after the last third of May. The mature gonad was found to be relatively smaller in the cultured fish than in the wild fish migrating for spawning along the coast of Tosa Bay.
Total lipid in the lateral muscle, liver, viscera and gonad was remarkably greater in the cultured fish than in the wild fish. It was about 145g per kg of body weight in the former and about 45g in the latter when gonad matruation was complete. After the gonad began to degenerate, it showed a distinct decrease, about 40g compared with the mature stage. The bulk of crud lipid in the body of yellowtail was located in the trunk muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (413K) -
Shiu-Mei LIU, Keijiro SEZAKI, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO, Morizumi NAKAMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 413-418
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpecimens of the “ ginbuna ” Carassius auratus langsdorfi collected at various localities of Japan were analyzed by the myogen and erythrocytic size methods in which the electropherogram of muscle myogen and the average major axis of erythrocyte are used as a marker for determining of polyploidy of this fish.
The results of simultaneous determination by both methods were tolerably coincident: Among 105 specimens examined, 25 and 80 were determined as diploids and polyploids, respectively, by the myogen method, while 32, 68 and 5 specimens were determined as diploids, triploids, and tetraploids, respectively, by the erythrocytic size method.
The present results, together with other results so far obtained, strongly indicate that polyploid “ ginbuna ” is fairly widely distributed in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (300K) -
Hiromichi IMABAYASHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 419-426
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out to estimate the dates of settlement of larvae of the bastard halibut and to guess the mechanism how they settles on the bottom of their nursery ground in the Genkai-Nada, the Japan Sea.
Four size-groups of the bastard halibut were recognized during the growing period (May to September) after their settlement, based on the shift of modes of the length in their growth curves. The dates of their settlement were estimated to be 9th and 24th of April and 7th and 22nd of May by appling BERTALANFFY'S growth equation to the present data. These four dates of their settlement were endorsed by field surveys of settled youngs of the bastard halibut, and almost coincide with the four spring tides during the period.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Intraspecific Relationships in the PopulationHiromichi IMABAYASHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 427-435
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe intraspecific relationships within the juvenlle and young bastard halibut have been studied in a growing area in the Genkai-Nada at approximately monthly intervals during 1976 and 1977, based on the stomach contents examined.
At a depth of 5m, many halibut under 120mm in total length were found in May to October, feeding mainly on Mysidacea.
At a depth of 5m in 1976, change of the abundance of the halibut, change of the abundance of Mysidacea in the benthos fauna, and change of the amount of Mysadacea in the stomach of the halibut generally showed similar trands. In July to September, the amount of Mysidacea in the stomach decreased extremely accompanied by the following phenomena: (i) fall of the index of stomach fullness, (ii) difference of the stomach contents between small-sized fish and large-sized ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (531K) -
Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI, Yosuke OKADA1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 437-443
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirteen isozymes of various organs and sarcoplasmic protein of muscle of the red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck et Schlegel), were assayed by the horizontal starch-gel electro-phoresis in order to detect the genetic variation which would be useful as the maker in subpopulation and breeding studies. Polymorphism was found in various isozyme systems such as ADH, esterase, α-GDH, GOT, ICD, LDH, MDH, 6-PGD, PGM, PHI, and SDH. Based on the polymorphic banding pattern of each isozyme, two alleles were presumed in the respective loci, such as α-Gdh, Got-III, Icd, Ldh-B, Pgm, and Sdh, three alleles in Adh, Got-II, Mdh, 6-Pgd, and Phi-II loci, and 8 alleles in Est locus. There were no significant differences between observed proportion of phenotypes and their HARDY-WEINBERG expectation in most of the loci examined. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 34.3%, a relatively high value in comparison with other marine fishes. The proportion of occurrence of Heterozygous loci per individual was 6.6%, a comparatively similar rate to other marine fishes. The growth rate of wild red sea bream at 1 year old was independent of polymorphism in each enzyme system. It was concluded that the ADH, EST, 6-PGD, PGM, and SDH isozymes would be useful as characteristics of subpopulation and as genetic markers of the family and brother-sister in breeding studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Chromatographic Analysis of Pigments in the Shell of the Abalone Fed with Green AlgaeMitio TAJIMA, Masahiko IKEMORI, Seibin ARASAKI1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 445-450
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe comparison of methanol extractable pigment composition in the shells of Japanese abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, and their algal food, Ulva pertusa, was conducted with two dimensional paper chromatography and column chromatography on cellulose.
Common pigments detected in both samples were chlorophyll a chlorophyll b, β-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin (?) and neoxanthin (?). In addition, pheophytin a, several green and yellow pigments were detected only in the shells.
The colorimetric assay showed that the relative content of β-carotene to chlorophyll α was higher in abalone shells than in algae, and that of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a slightly higher.View full abstractDownload PDF (395K) -
Masayo OKUZUMI, Michiya SHIMIZU, Akira MATUMOTO1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 451-454
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undetaken to investigate the changes in the bacterial counts and flora of horse mackerels, Trachurus japonicus, during the storage by partial freezing.
The fish samples were stored at -4°C (partial freezing), and a part of these were removed from the storage after the periods as described later and examined organoleptically, chemically, and bacteriologically. Enumeration and isolation of bacteria were conducted with a smeare plate method using 50 percent seawater agar medium. Identification was based chiefly on the schemes of SHEWAN et al., and OKUZUMI et al.
The bacterial count of the sample examined immediately before storing, was 1.8×105per cm2 of skin, and the majority of the isolates from the skin consisted of the groups of Pseudomonas III/IV-NH, III/IV-H and Vibrio. However, after 12 days of storage the count decreased to 6.7×104, and the combined percentages of the above three groups decreased strikingly, while those of Moraxella, Acinetobacter and Flavobacterium-Cytophaga groups increased. After 40 days the bacterial population amounted to 105, and the members of Pseudomonas I/II and an undetermined group appeared newly, while those of the above three dominant groups, Moraxella etc., disappeared markedly. After 3 to 4 monthes the bacterial numbers reached maximum values of 103 and the samples gave out a typical offensive spoilage odor, and almost the entire population towards the end of the experiment consisted of the group of Pseudomonas I/II.View full abstractDownload PDF (307K) -
Chinkichi OGINO, Guang-yang YANG1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 455-458
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarp, Cyprinus carpio, and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, were fed on the diets containing different amounts of Mn and Cu for 12 to 16 weeks, respectively. The feeding with the low Mn-diet (4 ppm Mn) resulted in lower growth rate than the control diet (12-13 ppm Mn) in both fish species. In the rainbow trout, the malformation such as an abnormal growth of the tail and the shortening of the body length developed in the fish receving the low Mn-diet. The development of the malformation was considered to be due to the abnormal formation of the bones by the Mn-deficiency. The low Cu-diet (0.7 ppm Cu) produced lower growth rate than the control diet (3 ppm Cu) in the carp and not in the rainbow trout. The contents of Mn and Cu in the tissues from the fish fed with the low Mn-or low Cu-diet decreased distinctly in both fish species. Judging from the experimental results, the potimum dietary levels of Mn and Cu were considered to be around 12-13 ppm and around 3ppm, respectively, in both the carp and the rainbow trout.View full abstractDownload PDF (1059K) -
Kenji HAYASHI, Toru TAKAGI1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 459-463
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lipid composition of the muscle of the deep-sea teleost fish, Hoplostethus atlanticus, caught out at sea off New Zealand was determined.
In this species, the muscle contained 4.5% lipids, of which wax esters contained unusually high level of 88.6% with small amounts of triglycerides (1.3%), hydrocarbons (2.7%), sterols and fatty alcohols (2.2%), and phospholipids (5.2%).
The fatty alcohol components of wax esters were composed mostly of saturates (39.8%) and monoenes (53.9%) with 14-24 carbon atoms: the major constituents were 16:0 (28.3%), 20:1 (17.1%), 18:1 (16.2%), 22:1 (14.5%), and 18:0 (7.6%). the fatty acid composition of wax esters consisted predominantly of monoenes with 18:1 (59.4%) as the main component.
Little difference in the fatty acid compositions between wax esters and triglycerides showed that the contents of monoenes in the former and saturates in the latter were relatively large. In contrast, the component fatty acids of phospholipids contained considerabe amounts of polyenes.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
Yasuyuki ITO, Toshiro MURATA1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 465-468
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarp were fed a diet containing 250ppm of PCB (Aroclor 1248). The effects of Aroclor 1248 on the composition and enzyme activities in serum were investigated in the carp. The results obtained were as follows:
Serum glucose content increased significantly after Aroclor 1248 ingestion. Increased globulin content accounted for increased total protein content.
Aroclor 1248 administration resulted in significant increases in the activities of various serum enzymes such as β-glucuronidase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the carp. Changes in alanine aminotransferase and cholinesterase activities after ingesting Aroclor 1248, were however not significant.
Carp ingesting Aroclor 1248 showed a significant decrease in both lysosomal and micro-somal β-glucuronidase in the hepatopancreas.View full abstractDownload PDF (315K) -
Yasuyuki ITO, Kenji NISHIMURA, Toshiro MURATA1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 469-472
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigation of the action of PCB on the carp hepatopancreas lysosomal membranes was carried out. The results obtained were as follows:
The fragility of hepatopancreas of carp 14 days after PCB administration was investigated by exposing the lysosome fraction by freezing and thawing or preincubation at 50°C. In all cases both hydrolase, acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase were released in greater quantity than in the control specimens.
The release of acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase were induced by the addition of PCB to the lysosome suspension prepared from normal carp hepatopancreas.
Sodium copper chlorophyllin, α-tocopherol, lecithin and cortisone inhibited the release of acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase from the lysosome fraction of carp hepatopancreas in vitro.
It was suggested that PCB may induce instability of the lysosomal membrane depending on the lipophilic property.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Carotenoids of Cultured Fishes, Japanese Char, Brook Trout, Lake Trout, Masu Trout, Red-Spotted Masu Trout, Rainbow Trout and Brown TroutTakao MATSUNO, Seiichi NAGATA, Masaaki KATSUYAMA, Hisako MATSUTAKA, Ta ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 473-478
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carotenoid pigments from the fin and skin of cultured salmonids-Japanese char, brook trout, lake trout, masu trout, red-spotted masu trout, rainbow trout and brown trout, were investigated in the correlation with carotenoids in their assorted feeds.
The major carotenoids in these species were zeaxanthin, 3'-epilutein, or canthaxanthin, which were regarded to be originating from carotenoids in their assorted feeds.
The authors concluded that the carotenoid constituents of cultured fishes were greatly influenced by the carotenoids in their assorted feeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K) -
Takao MATSUNO, Masaaki KATSUYAMA, Masao IWAHASHI, Toshimichi KOIKE, Mi ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 479-482
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine which is effective to intensify the color of red Tilapia, test diets containing lutein, rhodoxanthin, and spirulina (zeaxanthin is dominant) were fed to red Tilapia for 84 days. After feeding experiment, the color of the integuments of red Tilapia in the control group, the lutein group, the rhodoxanthin group, and the spirulina group became pale pink, orange, pink, and orange red in appearance, respectively.
The four groups were similar to one another in the carotenoid patterns, but were different in the percentage compositions and the amounts of carotenoids.
The orange color of the integuments in the lutein group was mainly due to the presence of lutein which increased by ten times to that of the control group. Rhodoxanthin accumulated a little in the rhodoxanthin group, but in the spirulina group rhodoxanthin accumulated much more easily and amounted to eight times to that of the control.
The authors suggest that zeaxanthin might to metabolized to rhodoxanthin in vivo.View full abstractDownload PDF (252K) -
Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid CompositionMitsu KAYAMA, Minoru HIRATA, Akio KANAZAWA, Shigeru TOKIWA, Minoru SAI ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 483-488
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lipid class and fatty acid composition of prawns fed either a fat-free diet or those containing 5% each of oleic acid, medium chain triglyceride (MCT), pollack residual oil (PRO), and 1% each of linoleic, linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids supplemented by 4% of oleic acid or MCT were determined. The high contents of lipids, in which triglycerides were major class, were obtained from the better growth groups of PRO, and docosahexaenoic and linolenic additions. Although prawns are able to metabolize parent acids, such as linoleic and linolenic acids, to ω6 and ω3 highly polyunsaturated fatty acids (HPUFA) in the same way as demonstrated in fish, it is probable that their conversion ability is less active. Comparing the polar and nonpolar lipids of prawns, the former was characterized by the higher proportion of HPUFA than the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Tadashi SAKAI, Masami OZAKI, Katsumi YAMAGUCHI, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 489-491
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany of the sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus whose meat was abnormally colored yellow, orange or red, were caught in Tokyo Bay in July and August, 1979.
Most of the colored substance was extracted from those abnormal muscles with acetone or chloroform-methanol (2:1). The extracts showed absorption maxima at around 440, 460, and 485 nm in benzene, and 430, 455, and 475 nm in petroleum ether, indicating the presence of several carotenoids. In the gut contents of a sea bass specimen were recognized the debris of small crabs “ oyogipinno ” Tritodynamia horvathi. In this connection, a massive outbreak of oyogipinno was observed in Tokyo Bay during the summer of 1979. The chloroform-methanol or acetone extracts from the muscle or gut contents of the sea bass, and from the whole body of the crab, coincided with each other in spectral characteristics.
It was concluded that the colored meat of sea bass was caused by an unusual accumulation of carotenoid pigments, which may have resulted from the ingestion of a large amount of oyogipinno crab.View full abstractDownload PDF (184K) -
Hiro KOKURYO, Nobuo SEKI1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 493-498
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsolated carp myofibrils, actin, and myosin were heated at high temperatures, and the products after heating were analyzed with SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration.
When myosin was heated at 100°C or 120°C, myosin heavy chain was degraded to many fragments having different molecular weights. The amount of smaller fragments increased with an increase of heating time. Heated for 60min at 120°C, myosin heavy chain band on the electrophoretogram disappeared, but myosin light chains still remained.
The intensity of actin band decreased while heating at 100°C and concurrently new protein bands having lower and higher molecular weights appeared. Heating of actin at 120°C accelerated these changes.
The electrophoretic patterns of the proteins solubilized from heat-sterilized fish sausage and canned fish with urea-SDS-2-mercaptoethanol solution were similar to that of the heated myosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (2481K) -
Kunihiko FUKUSHO, Toshihisa ARAKAWA, Takeshi WATANABE1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 499-503
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, is one of the few food organisms for which the mass culture technique has been well established, besides rotifer Brahionus plicatilis. But, the dietary value of T. japonicus varies among fishes, especially in Heterosomata (Pleuronectiformes).
The larvae of mud dab Limanda yokohamae (30 days old, 10.30± 0.51mm in T. L.) were fed T. japonicus cultured respectively with ω-Yeast containing high amounts of ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (ω3HUFA) and baker's yeast for 23 days to evaluate their dietary values. The survival rate and the growth of the fish fed T. japanicus cultured with ω-Yeast were better than those fed T. japonicus cultured with baker's yeast (97.4-97.0% in survival rate and 14.3-14.0 vs. 12.5-12.0 time increase in body weight), although both the groups showed excellent survival rate and growth. The differences in survival rate and growth between the treatments might be due to slightly higher contents of the lipid and ω3HUFA in the former. These results may indicate that T. japonicus, without regard to culture media, is a suitable food organism for mud dab of Pleuronectiformes, and that its nutritional quality is successfully improved by cultureing it with ω-Yeast. There seemed to be no correlation between abnormal coloration of the skin or reversal of the body sides and the ω3HUFA content in food, at least after the stage of 10mm in length.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Usio SIMIDU, Nobuo TAGA, R. R. COLWELL, J. R. SCHWARZ1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 505-510
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe heterotrophic bacterial flora of seawater samples collected near the Nansei Shoto was surveyed during 1974 to 1977. The dominant genera in seawater were Vibrio, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes and Flavobacterium. The members of the family Vibrionaceae were most widely distributed in all of the sampling stations studied and were significantly in abundance in the seawater collected from the East China Sea. At one of the sampling stations, the average percentage of Vibrionaceae in the seawater representing seven water layers was 75per cent, reaching 100per cent at two of the water layers that were studied. Relationship between the incidence of Vibrio spp. in seawater samples collected in the East China Sea and the bacterial populations found in seawater collected off the Pacific Coast of Japan have been described.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Taizo SAKATA, Haruo SUGITA, Tomotari MITSUOKA, Daiichi KAKIMOTO, Hajim ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 511
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (118K) -
Katsumi YAMAGUCHI, Tomonori YUFU, Sekio KANOH1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 513
Published: April 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (86K) -
1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 516a
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (26K) -
1980 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 516b
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (26K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|