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Volume 55, Issue 6
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
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Isao Kudo, Katsuhiko Matsunaga1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 957-962
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNutrients in surface seawater of the Yodo River estuary are supplied not only by river water but also by nutrient enriched seawater just below the halocline. Seawater in the mid-layer just below the halocline contains higher nutrient concentrations than offshore surface seawater having the same salinity. About 90% of the organic matter produced in the surface layer decomposes before reaching a depth of 10m, causing these higher mid-layer nutrient concentrations. Dissolved Mn in the surface layer is also assumed to be assimilated by phytoplankton and redissolves before reaching 10m. Red tide outbreaks in the estuary would continue for long periods due to the supply of nutrients and the metals from mid-layer seawater.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
Jiro Kittaka, Ko-ichi Kimura1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 963-970
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbout 20, 0OO first stage phyllosomas were cultured at 24-28°C, being fed with nauplii of Artemia. Later stages were fed on Mytilus edulis ovary. Five phyllosomas reached stage VIII, approximately 200 days after hatching. Three phyllosomas reached stage XI and two individuals metamorphosed into pueruli 340-391 days (cf. 306 days for Jasus lalandii) after hatching. More than one molt was observed in several stages: 6 molts for stage VIII, 3 for IX and 3 for X. The intermolt interval was steady at 11-12 days throughout VIII-X, and slight morphological changes were observed at each molt. Stage VIII may be separated into 2 parts: early, consisting of 3 instars without pleopod buds, and advanced, consisting of 3 instars with pleopod buds. Number of stages should be increased to 12, and number of instars will be estimated at 29. Under intensive illumination, repeated molting occurred without morphological change: 9 molts for stage VIII and 5 for X. The hepatopancreas of the newly metamorphosed puerulus gradually became visible, and the puerulus molted into the juvenile stage after 12-15 days. No feeding was observed during the puerulus stage, yet juveniles immediately fed on Mytilus edulis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1175K) -
Masami Hamaguchi, Aiichiro Muraoka, Takushi Tanaka, Riichi Kusuda1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 971-977
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSApplicability of some methods for determination of intracellular bacterial killing by yellowtail phagocytic cells against Pasteurella piscicida was investigated. The following method was found applicable.
A mixture of phagocytic cells prepared from yellowtail kidney, viable Pasteurella piscicida suspension and normal yellowtail serum was prepared, and incubated at 25°C for 30min. Then, 100μg/ml streptomycin and 1, 500units/ml penicillin G were added to the mixture, and incubated again at 25°C for 15min. The phagocytic cells and the remaining extracellular bacteria were separated by centrifuging at 5, 900×g for 5min on Percoll at 1.070 specific gravity. Phagocytic cells were washed three times by modified L-15, and resuspended in modified L-15 at a density of 1×107 cells/ml. After incubation at 25°C for 60min, the phagocytic cells were destroyed by 15% sodium chloride solution containing 0.2% non-ionic detergent, BL-25, at 0°C for 15min. The number of viable bacteria in destroyed phagocytic cells was counted by the pour plate method using BHI agar containing 1.0% sodium chloride.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
Shinichi Hashimoto, Aiichiro Muraoka, Riichi Kusuda1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 979-984
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report describes the survival and pathogenicity of Pasteurella piscicida strain 5866, the pathogen of yellowtail, after frozen or freeze-dried storage. In the frozen storage, effect of freeze-thawing on the survival and maintenance of pathogenicity of the strain 5866 were also examined. Cultured cells of strain 5866 were suspended in glycerol (10, 30 or 50% V/V), defibrinated horse blood (10, 30 or 50% V/V), 20% skim milk (10, 30 or 50% V/V), horse or calf serum (50% V/V) or dimethyl sulfoxide (10% V/V) and then dispensed in sterile screw-capped vials. These suspensions were stored at -80°C. For assessment of the stress by freeze-thawing, the frozen cells with the above protective additives were subjected to repeated thawing in running tap water and again freezing at -80°C up to 11 times. For freeze-drying storage, freeze-drying media with serum or skim milk base were assessed. Harvested cells were suspended in freeze-drying media and stored at 4°C after freeze-drying. For assessment of pathogenicity, fish were infected by waterborn infection in sea water.
Results of frozen storage experiments showed that none of the additives were sufficient to protect viability and pathogenicity of the strains longer than 52 months. After eleven repetitions of freeze-thawing in the presence of 10% glycerol, which was useful for good survival, the pathogenicity of the strain was maintained as low as that frozen and thawed only once. As for the freeze-drying storage, freeze-drying media containing skim milk or calf serum gave sufficient preservation of the pathogenicity with some high survivals rates. Finally, the medium consisting of 10% skim milk, 0.5% NaCl, 1% sodium glutamate and 5% sucrose proved to be the one conferring the highest survival and maintenance of pathogenicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (485K) -
Takakazu Ozawa, Teruhide Kaku, Yasuji Masuda, Shuhei Matsuura1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 985-988
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, yearly catches from 1975 to 1985, monthly catch statistics from 1984 to 1986, and biological characteristics in 1987 of the blue sprat Spratelloides gracilis (Temminck et Schlegel) were studied in Koshiki Is., southern Japan. Yearly catches ranged from about 400 to 700t, which accounted for 13-22% of total catch in Kagoshima Prefecture. Seasonal catches showed 2 fluctuations, i.e. one from spring to autumn with a peak in early summer, and the other from autumn to spring with a peak in late autumn. The former, having a higher peak, was composed exclusively of spawning adults, and the latter of immature young. Biological characteristics were different between the sexes: males are smaller in body size but larger both in coefficient of fatness and gonad index, and fewer in number than females.View full abstractDownload PDF (321K) -
Kazumasa Uematsu, Yohichi Tomida, Hideki Komatsu1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 989-995
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe function of cholinergic vagal innervation and the locality of its preganglionic neurons were investigated using in situ preparations of the rainbow trout heart.
The cardiac-visceral branches of the vagus were identified by vagal stimulation. The stimulation induced intense bradycardia with frequencies between 10 and 100Hz, while tachycardia was never produced even after atropinization, indicating that only the cholinergic vagus nerves were stimulated in the study. Subsequent beta-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol intensified the stimulation-induced cardiac inhibition. It is suggested that the serum catecholamine levels in the preparations were kept high by secretion from chromaffin tissues and they produced a chronotropic acceleratory effect to the heart during the experiment.
A group of preganglionic neurons of the cardiac-visceral trunk of the vagus were identified in the vagal motor nucleus of the medulla by retrograde labeling with HRP. They formed a longitudinal column within the nucleus at the level around the obex.View full abstractDownload PDF (2206K) -
Amane Hayashi, Yoh Yamashita, Kouichi Kawaguchi, Takeo Ishii1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 997-1000
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJapanese sardine larvae Sardinops melanostictus hatched out from field-collected eggs, were successfully reared for 30 days with the survival rate of 13% of initial egg number. The relation between rearing days (D) and number of sagittal otolith rings (N) was expressed by the linear regression of N=0.99D-1.88 based on the 31 reared larvae, and the slope is not significantly different from 1(p>0.05). It is proved that ring on the otolith is formed daily. The first ring is formed mainly 3 (2-5) days after hatching which coincides with the first feeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (1298K) -
Midoriko Kasama, Hiromu Kobayasi1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1001-1006
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntergeneric cross was preformed with the crucian carp Carassius carassius ?? × the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus ?? . The hybrids were analyzed morphologically and karyologically, and were compared with the parental species. These hybrids possessed a mosaic of character expressions that showed overall intermediacy though superficial appearances were similar to the crucian carp parent, and had the karyotype that incorporated two genomes of the crucian carp parent and one of the grass carp parent.View full abstractDownload PDF (3407K) -
Kohei Kihara, Chokei Itosu1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1007-1010
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution and diversity of demersal fish communities were described in the South China Sea off Viet Nam from December 1968 to July 1969. The first recurrent group including lizardfish as a principal member was located dispersedly along coastal front from winter to summer. Snapper which was a principal member of the second recurrent group coexisted with largeeyed bream at 40-60m depth in winter. However, snapper coexisted with grunt in the shallow region less than 40m depth in summer. Diversity was relatively high in southeastern area, and was low off the Mekong delta.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Tatsusuke Takeda, Toshihiro Tsuji, Yasuo Itazawa1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1011-1015
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRed porgy Pagrus major acclimated at 25°C were distressed at 10-12°C and died at 7-9°C, when water temperature was lowered at a rate of 0.2°C/min.
The lowest temperature at which no fish is distressed was estimated to be 15°C, when water temperature was lowered at the rate of 0.2°C/min from the acclimated level (25°C) and then kept at the constant level for 24h.
In control experiments in which water temperature was kept at the acclimated level (25°C) for 8h, the housing capacity (the highest density at which no fish died) was 50g/l. An increase of housing capacity by 4 times was attained, when the water temperature was lowered at the rate of 0.2°C/min to 20°C and then kept at the level for 8h. Drop in water temperature by 5°C reduced nitrite and ammonia accumulation in water to about half of that in the control experiments.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Katsumi Tsukamoto1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1017-1021
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to validate the otolith increments of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica time mark was incorporated in the otoliths of elvers by immersing in tetracycline (TC) solution. They were reared for 40 days afterwards, and the otolith increments expressed in number of circuli outside the TC fluorescent mark were examined.
The number of increments between TC mark and sagittal otolith edge was 38.6±2.9 (mean±SD), N=41, and roughly coincided with the number of days after TC treatment till the sacrifice, suggesting the daily deposition of the increments in sagittae of the Japanese eel. It was concluded that the otolith increment was applicable for the age determination of elver of the Japanese eel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1276K) -
Katsumi Tsukamoto, Akima Umezawa, Osame Tabeta, Noritaka Mochioka, Tak ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1023-1028
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the spawning season of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, age and birth date of the leptocephali were estimated with the daily growth increment in otoliths of 14 specimens collected in Western North Pacific in September 1986.
The sagittae of the leptocephali (40.5-47.0mm in TL) were translucent, laterally compressed oval structures of about 155μm diameter with a dark opaque core (6μm in long axis) in the center. Distinct concentric growth increments (ring) were observed around the core from the center till the edge of otolith. About 80% specimens examined had a distinct dark ring (heavy discontinuous zone) with about 11μm diameter near the core, which seemed to be a “hatch check” formed at hatching.
The age of leptocephali was nearly uniform, 72±3 days (mean±SD). Their birth date ranged from June 28 to July 18, 1986 and the mean was July 13, suggesting that this species spawns in summer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1282K) -
Yoh Yamashita, Takashi Ishimaru, Kouichi Kawaguchi1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1029-1034
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo species of naked dinoflagellates Gyrodinium instriatum and Gymnodinium sanguineum were offered to first-feeding larvae of the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonica in order to determine their value as food organisms.
The fate of 14C labelled G. instriatum was followed for 6-8h. About 17% of ingested carbon was respired as 14C02 and 18-52% was retained in the body. This shows that the dinoflagellate is utilized as an energy source for larval anchovy.
Larvae fed with only dinoflagellates (20-250 cells/ml) did not survive and grow, although those fed with dinoflagellates (20-200cells/ml) with rotifer (10ind./ml) showed both higherlarval survival and growth rates than those fed with rotifer (10ind./ml) only. These results suggest that the present two species of dinoflagellates could play a supplementary role under natural conditions of low micro-zooplankton density to sustain better survival and growth of larval anchovy.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
Hidemi Kumai, Ikuo Kimura, Motoji Nakamura, Kenji Takii, Hiroji Ishida1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1035-1043
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe digestive system in the ocellate puffer was histologically and biochemically examined. Also, the effect of scallop extract as a flavor in a diet on performance of the puffer was investigated.
The ocellate puffer lacks a stomach, resulting that its expansion sea observed only esophageal epithelium and expansion sac-epithelium and that pepsin-like activity in the digestive tract from the esophagus to the opening portion of bile duct, excluding the expansion sac, maintained an extremely low level.
Performance of the puffer fed the flavored diet for 20 days was much better than that fed the unflavored diet. Better protein digestibility was also recognized in the puffer fed the flavored diets. These findings suggest that favorite chemical stimuli caused by the dietary supplementation of the flavor promot digestive and absorptive functions even in the ocellate puffer having no stomach.View full abstractDownload PDF (3684K) -
Takayuki Nakagawa, Fumio Nagayama, Hirotada Ozaki, Shugo Watabe, Kaneh ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1045-1050
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA minced muscle of three species of fish (red sea bream, Pacific mackerel and carp) was washed with 0-0.15M NaCl, processed to kamaboko, and examined for the relationship between its gel strength and the remaining amount of two glycolytic enzymes, aldolase (ALD) and glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Irrespective of fish species and storage period of muscle, the increase of NaCl concentration in the washing solution reduced the remaining ALD and GAPDH (%), and increased the gel strength of the kamaboko prepared. The gel strength of kamaboko related more closely to the remaining ALD (%) than GAPDH (%). Increase of pH of the washing solution resulted in the decrease of both remaining enzymes (%). In addition, the minced muscle gave rise to a kamaboko of the maximum gel strength when washed with NaCl solutions at around pH 7, suggesting a gel strength reduction due to myofibrillar protein denaturation occurring on the alkaline side.
Once-washed muscle gave rise to a kamaboko of which gel strength was about three times higher than that of kamaboko from unwashed muscle. However, repeated washings of the muscle did not increase the gel strength of the kamaboko any more. These results were essentially parallel to the changes of both remaining enzymes (%) in muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (393K) -
W. C. Dayalal Livera, Chiaki Shimizu1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1051-1057
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArginine kinase activities were determined in the whole body or in the muscle of fifteen crustacean species. It could be confirmed that the enzyme activities were high in Penaeus japonicus, Portunus sanguinolentus and Portunus trituberculatus. The highest enzyme activity in Penaeus japonicus was found in the swimmeret muscle and this was followed by the dorsal and ventral muscles. In the case of Portunus trituberculatus, the highest activity was obtained for the coxa muscle followed by the palm muscle. The highest enzyme activity in Procambarus clarki was exhibited by the dorsal muscle.
The fluctuation of enzyme activity due to growth was observed in Penaeus japonicus whose body weight ranged from 0.31mg to 4g. The enzyme activity per 1g of whole body increased with the growth of body weight of Penaeus japonicus. Specific activity, which is the activity per 1mg of protein also increased but reached to almost a constantlevel at 0.6g of body weightin Penaeus japonicus. The enzyme activity in the dorsal muscle of Penaeus japonicus which weighed from 1 to 25g exhibited an increasing tendency with increase of body weight. Starch gel electrophoresis did not show the presence of isoenzymes of arginine kinase during the growth period of Penaeus japonicus.
In order to determine the effects of environmental factors on enzyme activity, the rearing experiment of Penaeus japonicus was carried out at 15, 20 and 25°C. The enzyme activity was almost the same at these different rearing temperatures. The rearing of Penaeus japonicus at different salinity levels, such as 25, 34 and 42.5‰ was carried out but the enzyme activity did not change due to these different salinities.View full abstractDownload PDF (512K) -
Koretaro Takahashi, Tomoyuki Takeuchi1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1059-1066
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe traditional propylalcohol extraction procedure was re-examined from the view point of marine phospholipid recovery.
Thirty sardines were wholly minced and subjected to the 1-propanol extraction, 2-propanol extraction, and chloroform/methanol extraction as a control. A portion of minced material was freeze dried and it was also subjected to the 1-propanol extraction.
Lipids extracted by propylalcohols contained some amounts of non-lipid contaminants in the lipid extract, though they were easily removed by centrifuge (1500×g) from the extract.
1-Propanol extraction from the wet material was considered to be the most promising way to extract phospholipid among the commonly used nontoxic solvents, and it amounted to 70% of the chloroform/methanol extraction. Phosphatidylcholine was the most prominent component among the phospholipid classes in all the extracts.
Comparing the quality of the extracts, just a slight difference was observed in the molecular species composition of the main lipid classes, i. e. the phosphatidylcholine and the triglyceride. Among the molecular species of phosphatidylcholine of the extracts, (16:0, 22:6) was the most prominent combination, followed by (16:0, 20:5).
The molecular species of triglyceride in the extracts were so complicated that it was hard to point out the most prominent combination.View full abstractDownload PDF (1423K) -
Takeshi Murai, Hiroshi Ogata, Alberto Villaneda, Takeshi Watanabe1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1067-1073
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 6-week feeding trial was conducted 3 times using fingerling rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri with three different body weights (0.7, 5.1 and 8.9g) to study if there are any differences in utilization of a soy flour with supplemental amino acids. Treatment of soy flour with methanol improved its utilization in all size groups and the efficiency of utilization became better as fish grew. The largest fish showed up to 83-87% of the value performed by the control group fed the fishmeal torula yeast diet even though 77% of the fishmeal was isonitrogenously replaced by methanol treated soy flour with supplemental amino acids. The fish up to 5.1 g did not show any response to multi-ple supplementation of amino acids simulating the composition of the control diet. Whereas the same treatment showed a tendency to improve the growth and feed efficiency of the largest fish. Activity of trypsin like enzyme in the gastrointestinal tracts of the smallest fish was significantly suppresed when soy flour either treated or untreated with methanol was used as the substrate instead of the fishmeal but the almost identical activity was detected in the largest fish no matter which substrates were used. These results indicate that apparent differences exist in utilization of soy flour and response to supplemental amino acids in fingerling rainbow trout having different body size.View full abstractDownload PDF (474K) -
Hisashi Murata, Tadashi Sakai, Makoto Endo, Akira Kuroki, Masao Kimura ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1075-1082
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn twelve substances expected as removal agents of a red tide plankton Chattonella marina, their destructive abilities to the plankton cells, resolvabilities in water, and influences to a fish were examined in order to evaluate their practical availabilities in the removal of the red tide plankton. Hydrogen peroxide seemed to be the most prospective agent, because it destroyed the plankton above 15mg/l and scarcely injured the cultured fish below 50mg/l. In the exposure of the yellowtail to C. marina 5, 300 cells/ml, the addition of the 50mg/l hydrogen peroxide made the fish survive over an extra 3h.
Regarding the destruction of the plankton cells, eicosapentaenoic acid, an allelopathic substance of algae, and hydrogen peroxide executed the intense abilities. However, the plankton cells were not destroyed by saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. In the hydrogen peroxide, formic acid, a scavenger of free radicals, disturbed the destructive ability, whereas the ability was amplified by Fe2+ probably because of Fenton reaction. Therefore, free radical derived from these chemicals seems to be responsible for the destruction of the plankton cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
Tadahiro Numakura, Ryu Mizoguchi, Ikuo Kimura, Kyohei Toyoda, Takao Fu ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1083-1090
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlaska pollack surimi having different Ca-ATPase activities and salt solubilities were reconstitued by mixing in various ratios of native and heated (at 100°C for 90min) surimi, and chopped in a silent cutter with 3% salt, and then incubated at 10°C or 20°C to induce setting. Changes in gel strength and myosin heavy chain were investigated as a function of time for setting.
The native surimi showing high Ca-ATPase activity (280μmol Pi/min•10g surimi) as well as high salt solubility formed elastic gel and highly cross-linked myosin heavy chains on setting of the paste. On the other hand, the paste from wholly denatured surimi by heat treatment could form unelastic gel and showed no change in myosin heavy chain. The pastes from reconstituted surimi from the above two having lower Ca-ATPase activity than 100μmol Pi/min•10g surimi hardly formed elastic gels neverthless cross-linked myosin heavy chain was produced to some extent. In the cases, Ca-ATPase activity was above that level, formation of elastic gel was closely correlated with production of cross-linked myosin heavy chains.
These results suggested that formation of a gel by setting at both temperatures of 10°C and 20°C required for the production of some framework made up of cross-linked myosin heavy chains above the gelation limit.View full abstractDownload PDF (644K) -
Bon Kimura, Masatada Murakami, Hiroaki Fujisawa1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1091-1095
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe flora of heavy oil-degrading bacteria isolated from water samples collected in oil-polluted Bisan Seto and oil-unpolluted Hibiki Nada was investigated. The oil-degrading activity of the isolated strains was also measured. It was observed that coryneforms were exclusively dominant among oil-degrading isolates in oil-polluted Bisan Seto. In oil-unpolluted Hibiki Nada, coryneforms and Pseudomonas were isolated in the same ratio. Oil-degrading activity of coryneforms was much higher than that of Pseudomonas, regardless of where they were isolated. From these results, it was suggested that coryneforms play an important role in the biodegradation of oil in oil polluted Biasn Seto. When the average oil-degrading activity of the strains isolated from Bisan Seto and that from Hibiki Nada was compared, the former (21.6%) was significantly higher than the latter (14.1%).
It was suggested that the flora and oil-degrading activity of oil-degrading bacteria were sensitive indicators of oil-pollution than other factors previously examined (i.e. numbers of oil degrading bacteria, the ratio of the degraders to the total heterotrophs).View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Masahiko Kunimoto, Tamotsu Hoshino, Michinori Nakano1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1097-1102
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn east Asia, some species of mold have been inoculated on materials in the processes of liquor and seasoning production. The materials molded have been called “Koji” in Japanese.
In the present study, in order to decompose the lipid in sardine meal; first, the lipid in “Koji” inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae was determined at various molding stages. The lipid content in the “Koji” decreased from 8.4% at 0h to 2.1% at 60h on dry matter basis. From the results of both thin-layer chromatography and densitometry at different stages, it was roughly estimated that an amount of triglyceride decreased, while free fatty acid increased. This finding showed the possibility that lipase was active in the “Koji”.
Second, the lipolytic activity of crude extract from the “Koji” was determined in case of using substrate of olive oil emulsion. A maximum activity was observed after 48h of molding. The activity depended on pH and temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (473K) -
Teruo Nakayama, Satoshi Kanoh, Eiji Niwa1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1103-1109
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDynamic modulus and dynamic loss of the materials for imitation crab meat in foreign and domestic markets were predicted from the stress relaxation data with four-element model. The dependence of their dynamic modulus and dynamic loss on angular frequency was displayed by the computer. The experimental value of dynamic modulus at 18.84 radian/s was about 10% higher than the predicted value. However the experimental value of dynamic loss at 18.84 radian/s was almost 80 times as large as the predicted value. This fact suggests that another relaxation time would be included in the range of a very short time of our stress relaxation measurements, and that the stress corresponding to the 10% increment of experimentally obtained dynamic modulus, would be already relaxed during the application process of the constant strain in the stress relaxation measurement. From the comparison of dynamic and sensory data, we conclude that the experimental values of dynamic modulus and dynamic loss corresponded to the sensory softness. Especially the experimental value of dynamic loss was an important data, since it could not be predicted from stress relaxation data.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
Takeshi Watanabe, Toshio Takeuchi, Toshihisa Arakawa, Keinosuke Imaizu ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1111-1117
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe requirement of juvenile striped jack for n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) was determined by feeding fish meal diets containing different levels on n-3 HUFA ranging from 0.7 to 3.5% in the diet. Juvenile fish weighing 0.26g and 1.78g were fed the experimental diets for 60 days in Expt. I and 56 days in Expt. II, respectively.
In Expt. I after 9 days of feeding, a high mortality and poor appetite were observed in fish receiving the diet lowest in the n-3 HUFA content (0.7%). Fish fed a diet containing 1.2% n-3 HUFA also began to show a high mortality around the 55th day of feeding. On the other hand, no mortality was observed in the fish receiving the 3.5% n-3 HUFA diet in Expt. I and all the diets in Expt. II. In both experiments, growth of fish and feed efficiency were proportional to n-3 HUFA levels in the diets and reached a plateau at a level of 1.7% in the diet.
Feeding diets low in the n-3 HUFA level resulted in an increase of 18:1, but not 20:3 (n-9) in the polar lipids of both whole body and liver. Elevation of dietary n-3 HUFA levels effectively reduced the 18:1 level and increased n-3 HUFA levels. From these results, the requirement of juvenile striped jack for n-3 HUFA is estimated to be around 1.7% in diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
Shigeru Nakajima, Toru Tamiya, Takayuki Akahane, Takahide Tsuchiya, Ju ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1119
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (120K) -
Akito Kawamura1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1121
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (130K) -
Fujio Hayashi, Keisuke Takahashi, Matsuhisa Inoue, Hajime Hashimoto1989 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 1123
Published: June 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (111K)
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