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Volume 38, Issue 6
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Kiyohito Koyama, Osamu Ishizuka1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages T239-T245
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experimental investigation of elongational viscosity of polyethylene has been carried out using an isothermal elongational rheometer at constant strain rate. Elongational viscosity data are presented for a series of four high-density polyethylene samples having various molecular weight distributions. In the small strain region, linear viscoelastic behavior was observed for all samples, and the steady state was only observed for the sample with narrowest distribution. The non-linearity behavior strongly depended on the distribution of molecular weight and its intensity decreased with broadening the molecular weight distribution. These non-linear response data were compared to predictions from constitutive equation, specifically the Bogue and White model. The molecular weight distri_??_ution dependence of elongational viscosity was explained in terms of adjustable parameter a: the value of a increased with broadening the molecular weight distribution. Temperature dependence of elongational viscosity was small for broad distribution sample.View full abstractDownload PDF (411K) -
SHOZO IIDA1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages P245-P256
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Tuyoshi Konomi, Kyoko Ohashi1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages T246-T253
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermal degradation and water sorption were investigated for the copolymers (4/6 copolymers), which had been prepared by anionic copolymerization of α-pyrrolidone and ε-caprolactam, in comparison with those of nylon 4, 6 and blends. The compositions of 4/6 copolymers were determined by IR spectrometric analysis. The water sorption isotherms were obtained by a weighing bottle method at various water vapor pressures controlled with saturated salt solutions.
The rates of thermal degradation for 4/6 copolymers at 275°C (3mm Hg, N2) were somewhat smaller than those for nylon 4 and blends in the range of weight loss less than the amount of nylon 4 component. The amount of water sorbed in a monolayer state (Vm) obtained by BET plot, and the molar ratio of Vm to the amide content in amorphous region (Vm/(CONH) (1-α), α: crystallinity) for nylon 4 were about 2 and 1.5 times, respectively as large as those for nylon 6. As to 4/6 copolymers, Vm/(CONH) (1-α) increased linearly with the composition of nylon 4. From the analysis using the cluster function, it was elucidated that the formation of cluster in sorbed water molecules began to arise at a higher moisture regain for nylon 4 than for nylon 6, and the behavior in cluster formation for 4/6 copolymer having the composition 23.2 mole-% nylon 4 was rather similar to that of nylon 4, because of the increase of free amide groups caused by the decrease of crystallinity.
Although there are some problems in a low molecular weight and a low crystallinity, the 4/6 copolymer is interesting from the view point of melt process (spinning), because of their high moisture regain and melting point of about 150°C at which the polymer chain of nylon 4 is thermally stable.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K) -
Kazuo Yagami, Kimiho Yamada, Hideto Shosenji1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages T254-T258
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fluorescent brightening agent of a stilbene type C. I. FBA 24 (FBN) was found to enhance the fading rate of a blue direct azo dye C. I. (DB15) in aqueous solution, on the irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp. On the other hand, DB15 depressed the fading of FBN. Fading of both DB15 and FBN was depressed in aqueous solution by the irradiation using a low mercury lamp. Similar effect was also observed in the measurement on cotton fabric, on the irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp, whereas FBN depressed the fading of the dye on the irradiation with a low pressure mercury lamp. These effects were found in the concentration range of the dye bath of FBN higher than 1×10-5 mol/l. The dye accelerated the fading of FBN at the early stage of the reaction when exposed to a low pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp or a xenon lamp.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
TOSHIO KUNUGI1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages P257-P263
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Kensaku Mizoguchi1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages T259-T265
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a rope dyeing, unlevel dyeing seems to occur in temperature changing stage due to temperature difference between inside and outside of an entangled mass of fabrics caused by motion of fabrics and flow of dye liquor.
Considering the mechanism mentioned above, a simulation model to describe the dyeing behavior of rope fabrics in a dye bath was offered in a set of equations relating to rate of dyeing and motion of fabrics.
By this model, dye exhaustion curve of an unlevel spot on a fabrics could be followed quantitatively. From the evaluation and comparison of degree of dyeing unlevelness for a few time temperature profiles, it is suggested that this model would be applicable to some extent to practical dyeing operations.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
TAKESHI KAMIYA, KATSUYA YAZAKI1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages P264-P270
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Kazushige Teraji, Tetsuya Sato1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages T266-T273
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAuthor has already proposed the depth value C* as a numerical expression of tinctorial strength for dyeings. Though C* value can be calculated easily from the least reflectance of color, the constitution of the three attributes of C* has not yet been clear.
For further understanding of the colorimetric meaning about C* value, it is necessary to clarify the relation between C* value and the three attributes of color.
Through the analysis of C* values measured on the standard color chips arranged according to the Munsell system, the following equations were obtained. where, C*: depth value C: Munsell Chroma V: Munsell Value tanH°: hue coefficient to multiply the chroma ΔH5P: hue step from 5P on Munsell hue circleView full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
HISAAKI KANETSUNA, KAZUO NAKAYAMA1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages P271-P278
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Tomiji Wakida1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages T274-T278
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is known that nonionic surfactant is an effective dyeing accelerator in polyester printing by super heat steaming. In this paper, 4 mol ethylene oxide addition of orthophenyl phenol (OPP-(EO)4) was used as a model compound of dyeing accelerator, and the dyeing behavior was compared with those of OPP and urea. OPP-(EO)4 was more effective than urea to accelerate the polyester printing by super heat steaming, however, it was quite ineffective in aqueous dyeing. An addition of OPP-(EO)4 in dyeing solution was found to decrease the dyeing properties, because the partition coeffi-cient decreased by the increase of the solubility of dye.
Furthermore, change of the fine structure of polyester fiber treated with OPP-(EO)4 and OPP was investigated by X-ray diffractometry and dynamic viscoelastic measurement. The fine structure of the fiber was changed markedly by OPP treatment. On the contrary, the change was scarcely observed by OPP-(EO)4.
From these results, the effect of OPP-(EO)4 on the dyeing improvement in polyester printing can be considered to increase the dye solubilization and the dye transfer in printing paste during super heat steaming.View full abstractDownload PDF (853K) -
JOJI HASHIMOTO, SHOJI ICHIHARA1982 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages P279-P283
Published: June 10, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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