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Volume 39, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Tooru Nogai, Humihiko Migaki, Motozoo Ihara1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages T1-T7
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effective thermal conductivity both perpendicular and parallel to fiber axes (the former is named perpendicular arrangement and the latter is named parallel arrangement) of unidirectionally oriented polyester and cotton fiber assemblies was measured on the presence of humidity gradient. And the property of the effective thermal conductivity and the contribution of water transfer to the heat transfer were discussed. The results gave the following conclusions.
(1) Both on the presence and the absence of humidity gradient, the experimental results show that the effective thermal conductivity for both perpendicular arrangement and parallel arrangement of unidirectionally oriented fiber assembly falls with the increase of the volumetric ratio, and reaches a minimum value. And above that volumetric ratio, it rises with the increase of the volumetric ratio. However, the rate of rise for parallel arrangement is larger than that for perpendicular arrangement. The volumetric ratio at the minimum of the effective thermal conductivity on the presence of humidity gradient is lower than that on the absence of humidity gradient for both arrangement.
(2) The effect of the water transfer on the effective thermal conductivity become greater with the decrease of the volumetric ratio for both arrangements. This is due to the reason that the contribution of the water transfer to the effective thermal conductivity is based on the transfer of water from high temperature to low temperature and the radiative heat transfer on the participation of water.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K) -
TSUNEO BETSUNO1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages P2-P7
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Tsutoinu Naito, Makoto Usuda, Takashi Kadoya1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages T8-T13
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFatigue life of soft wood pulp fibers has been measured using torsion pendulum method. The fatigue life of wet pulp fibers decreases with an increase in torque and axial load. At the same stress level, the fatigue life of kraft fibers was greater than that of sulfite fibers. Drying and dry-wet cycles reduce the fatigue life of fibers.
The difference in the fatigue phenomena between never-dried fibers and the fibers subjected to drying or dry-wet cycles, and the difference between kraft and sulfite fibers are interpreted on the basis of irreversible changes in the cell wall structure and the formation of defects.View full abstractDownload PDF (346K) -
KEIJI KOZAI, HARUO NEGISHI1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages P8-P16
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Kozo Arai, Mitsuo Ishikawara1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages T14-T24
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGraft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and ethyl acrylate onto wool were carried out. Structure and properties of the wool and the grafted wool were studied by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, thermal expansion, and dynamical mechanical measurement. Three peaks in dynamic loss modulus-temperature curves at about 210°C, 60°C, and -50°C were assigned to the disordering of the α-crystallites in keratin, the microbrownian motions of wool backbone chains, and the side chain motions, respectively. About one-half of the -CONH- groups in the matrix and non-keratinous regions seems to form the hydrogen bonds, suggesting a considerably organized structure of the matrix components. Glass transition temperature of the graft chain is slightly higher temperature than that of the corresponding homopolymer. The discrete loss peak at the glass transition region was not detected when the thickness of graft polymer layer was thinner than about 2 nm.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
YOSHIO IMAI1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages P17-P24
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Tokuhisa Miyamatsu, Shuichiro Hirono, Noboru Oguchi, Yoshihiko Kanchik ...1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages T25-T33
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith use of fibrous anion exchangers as adsorbents, a study on the recovery of uranium from dilute uranium solutions of various uranium mine exhausts was carried out.
The fibrous anion exchangers showed adsorptive capacities adequate for the recovery of uranium from various uranium solutions such as sulfuric acid leach liquor, alkaline leach liquor, rain water leach liquor, mine water, and so on.
Compared with conventional ion exchange resins, the fibrous anion exchanger had higher adsorption velocity and better dispersion property in solution. For the effective adsorption, stirring adsorption method in which the adsorbent is dispersed in the solutions was found to be most suitable. Repetitive adsorption test of counter-current 2-step method by the stirring method was carried out with use of sulfuric acid leach liquor of containing 34.6 ppm uranium.
A stable recovery of 98% of uranium and 60 times concentration ratio were proved.
Floating method was tried successfully in order to collect fibrous adsorbent from the treated solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (1195K) -
OSAMU WADA, SHUNICHI TAKEDA, AKIO KIMURA1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages P25-P33
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YUKIO MITSUISHI1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages P34-P37
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Yoshio Iwadare1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages T34-T39
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interaction between three direct dyes and four nonionic surface active agents, polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers, was investigated by means of filter paper capillary analysis. In particular, the effect of the polyoxyethylene chain length (n=5-8) of the surfactants, the chemical constitution of the dyes, and the temperatures (10-30°C) on the interaction was studied.
The direct dyes interact with the polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers to form complexes DSm. The stoichiometric number (m) was 1.4 to 2.0. The equilibrium constant (K) and standard affinity (-Δμ°) of the interaction increased with an increase in the temperature. K and -Δμ° increased in the order of penta-<hexa-<octa-<hepta-oxyethylene dodecyl ethers and decreased in the order of Scarlet 4BS>Orange S>Rhoduline Red B. The favorable free energy of the interaction was accompanied by a large entropy gain and an endothermic enthalpy change.
It is suggested that the interaction between the direct dyes and polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers is appreciably affected by the polyoxyethylene chain length of the surfactants, the chemical constitution of the dyes, and the temperatures and that it is dependent on loss of icelike water structure associated with the hydrophobic groups of the dyes and the surfactants.View full abstractDownload PDF (404K) -
NOBUKO NARUSE1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages P38-P40
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Masaru Mitsuishi, Daisuke Yoshida, Hisao Maruyama, Tsutomu Ishiwatari1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages T40-T43
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe time-adsorption curves were obtained for the dyeing of nylon with Orange II in the presence of sodium n-alkylsulfates (SAS), such as octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, and hexadecylsulfates at 90°C. The curves obtained in the absence and the presence of SAS's (except SHS) were found to be represented by, where Mt and Mi refer to the amounts of the dye taken up by nylon at time t and at equilibrium, respectively, and k refers to the rate constant. The curve obtained in the presence of SHS had an adsorption maximum at about t=6min. The values of Mi's and Mt's decreased with an increase of the concentration of SAS's, which was especially prominent in the case when SAS's had higher affinities for nylon. The rate constant obtained in the presence of SAS's were found to be smaller than that obtained in the absence of SAS. The diffusion coefficients in the presence of SAS's (except STS) were also smaller than that in the absence of SAS.View full abstractDownload PDF (234K) -
ANISOTROPY OF SWELLING AND SOME PROPERTIES OF BIAXIALLY ORIENTED POLY (ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) FILMSToshio Haga1983 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages T44-T48
Published: January 10, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSwelling in chloroform at 30°C was studied for biaxially oriented poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films which are commercially available for the many purposes. Results obtained are as follows:
(1) The anisotropy of the swelling was confirmed for the films from the dynamic loss tangent (tan δ) absorption da, behavior measured in the machine and transverse directions which are perpendicular to the direction to which solvent diffuses.
(2) The swelling mechanism was directly associated with the thickness increase at the initial stage of swelling, but not with that at the equilibrium swelling.
(3) The Case II swelling mechanism was observed for the films which exhibit the smaller amount of the equilibrium swelling in the amorphous region. This fact was in good agreement with the information of the fine structure of PET films related to the Case II swelling.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K)
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