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Volume 43, Issue 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Yuji Kimura, Toshiro Iijima1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 173-178
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEquilibrium sorption of sodium benzenesulfonate (NaSO3Ph) by charged cellulosic membranes was determined by measuring both of the cation and anion concentrations at 25°C. The membranes used were carboxyethyl cellulose (CEC), sulphoethyl cellulose (SEC), and phosphorylated cellulose (PC).
The results were analyzed by the simple Donnan model in which a homogeneous charge distribution is assumed. In the range of C (aqueous salt concentration) >Cx (effective fixed charge density), the Donnan approach reproduced the experimental results quite well. In the range of C<Cx, however, the deviation was clearly observed, especially for SEC and PC membranes which have high Cx.
The results were further interpreted by Petropoulos's theory, which is based on the nonhomogeneous charge distribution. By this method the sorption data could be explained well over all range of salt concentrations (1×10-3_??_4×10-1 mol/l). The Z-factors as the measure of the non-homogeneous charge distribution were estimated as 0.72_??_0.81 for NaCl and 0.82_??_0.85 for NaSO3Ph.
The partition coefficients of NaSO3Ph were lower than NaCl. The effects of ionic size on these values were suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (374K) -
Toshinari Nakajima, Kaoru Iida1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 179-185
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sorption behavior of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were studied using Inverse Gas Chromatography in a wide range of temperature. PET was used as a stationary phase in a column. Four kinds of alcohols were used as the mobile phase, in other words, probe, namely ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol. Ortho-chlorophenol, a good solvent for PET, was also used as a probe. The value of Vg (specific retention volume) and S (sample size)-Vg relation were investigated.
In PET-alcohol systems, below 100°C, two distinct regions for Vg behavior were observed. At the lower probe concentration Vg decreased markedly with increasing S and at the higher concentration Vg increased linearly with S. Above 100°C, Vg decreased with increasing S.
In PET-o-chlorophenol system, Vg decreased markedly and linearly with increasing S at the lower and higher concentration, respectively.
Limiting specific retention volume, V°g, was estimated by extrapolating the S-Vg relation to S=O. A relationship between ln V°g and 1/T was discussed.
The sorption isotherms were determined from the peak profile. The sorption behavior of two systems were analysed using the sorption isotherms, B. E. T. plot, Flory-Huggins χ parameters.
It is concluded from these results that the PET-alcohol system is a solution type and the PET-o-chlorophenol system is both solution and B. E. T. types.View full abstractDownload PDF (394K) -
Heiroku Suganuma, Hiroshi Iida, Hiroyuki Harada, Michihiko Tanaka1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 186-191
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA kinetic study was carried out for the synthesis of poly (1, 4-butylene terephthalate) prepolymer by direct esterification of terephthalic acid with butanediol-1, 4. Following results were obtained.
1. The activation energy for esterification reaction and for side reaction (tetrahydrofurane formation) were almost same. This fact means that it is impossible to suppress the side reaction by adjusting the reaction temperature.
2. Effect of the reverse reaction (hydrolysis of ester) were negligible in this case.
3. Alkyl titanate (used as a catalyst) was hydrolysed in the presence of water. Consequently, it is recommendable to carry out the reaction under the reduced pressure in order to remove the water formed during the reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Takashi Watanabe1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 192-197
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoly (ρ-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fiber (Kevlar 49) was deteriorated for 8, 15 and 30 days at 30°C by Aspergillus flavus (IAM 2044) on agar slant medium containing water. The change in morphology of the fiber was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopes. A short split parallel to the direction of the fiber axis was observed for the fiber treated for 8 days. The fiber treated for 30 days was remarkably deteriorated and numerous microfibrils were observed in the fiber. The surface of the microfibrils was very smooth. We have found that the morphological change of PPTA fiber by the microbial deterioration was different from that of Nylon and PET fiber.View full abstractDownload PDF (1212K) -
I. THEORY AND CALCULATION METHODHiromi Motomura, Zenzo Morita1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 198-203
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction/diffusion behavior of active species of reactive dyes in cellulose was assumed to be described by a diffusion equation accompanied by the pseudofirst-order chemical reaction with cellulose and water in cellulose. Applying the diffusion equation to the reactive dyeing system of cellulose, a method of least mean squares for finding the fittest values of the constant diffusion coefficient, D, the rate constants, kc and kw, of the reaction with cellulose and water in cellulose, the surface concentration, Co, of the active species of a reactive dye from the concentration profiles of the active and fixed species, which were obtained by using the cylindrical film roll method, was presented. The initial value of D was estimated by the diffusion from the neutral dyebath, that of Co by the extrapolation of the profile of active species to the surface and that of kc, was calculated from the surface concentration of fixed and active species. Using these initial values and minimizing the variance defined by the weighted residual sum of squares between the experimental and theoretical concentrations for each layer, the fittest values of parameters were calculated. There are some strong interactions between parameters, especially between D and kw or Co and kc, depending on the value of kc and time. The value of kw is difficult to be determined due to the insensibility to the concentration profiles and the interaction with D. A method for testing the validity of model with the variance was also presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K) -
II. REACTIVE DYES FOR CELLULOSEHiromi Motomura, Zenzo Morita1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 204-210
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccording to the theory and the calculation method, reported in a previous paper5), the kinetic parameters for reactive dyeing of cellulose were obtained. It was confirmed that the diffusion coefficient of reactive dyes had no concentration dependence. The diffusion/reaction behaviors for monochlorotriazinyl, trichloropyrimidinyl, vinylsulfonyl and dichloroquinoxaline-carbonyl dyes were described by the theory in which the pseudofirst-order rate constant, kw, of hydrolysis for the active species was regarded to be null. Depending on the pseudofirst-order rate constant, kc, of reaction with cellulose and time t, the contribution of fixed species on the variance, Vt, between the theoretical and experimental profiles for active and fixed species changed.
At high pH region for dichlorotriazinyl dyes, the Vt converged to a value larger than 3, where the variance, Va, between both the profiles for active species became very large. Predetermining the values of D and Co, the variance, Vf, for the fixed species converged, where the values of kc, and kw could be determined.
The fittest values of parameters for various diffusion times confirm the validity of their values as well as that of the applied theory.View full abstractDownload PDF (475K) -
Toyonori Nishimatsu, Tetsuya Sakai1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 211-217
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to show how the sense of sight influences the hand evaluation of color pile fabrics when consumers and specialists try to estimate it with the senses of sight and touch, or with either of the sense of touch or the sense of sight.
The summary of the results is shown below.
(1) When consumers and specialists estimate the hand evaluation of color pile fabrics with only the sense of touch, both groups perceive each sensory value of pile fabrics exactly by their physical properties.
(2) It is clear that consumers and specialists are influenced by the surface color of pile fabrics. But, the influence of three attributes of color perception (hue, value, and chroma) on the sensory values evaluated by the specialists is smaller than that by the consumers.
(3) When consumers and specialists estimate the hand evaluation of color pile fabrics with both the senses of sight and touch and with only the sense of sight, it is clear that the sensory value “softness” is concerned mainly with value; “thickness” with both value and chroma; “fullness” with hue; “smoothness” with both hue and value; “lightness” with both value and chroma. Point to which special attention should be paid is that even the specialists who have much experience in sensory evaluation are influenced by the sense of sight.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
Hiroaki Sasaki, Takebi Daikuhara, Hanpei Kido, Noriko Choji, Mikio Kar ...1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 218-221
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diffusion behavior of a disperse dye in a porous membrane was investigated.
The surface concentration Cs attained its equilibrium value C∞ only very slowly, varying with time according to the equation where C0 is surface concentration at time t=0 and β is a constant, 1.387×10-5s-1. The solution to the diffusion equation may be obtained by superposing the known solutions for the cases of constant surface concentration and time dependent surface concentration as given by Long and Richman. This gives for the concentration distribution where C is the concentration, x is the distance and D is the diffusion coefficient.
The experimental data agreed well with the calculated curve.View full abstractDownload PDF (201K) -
KEIZO MIYASAKA1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages P119-P124
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1153K) -
John L. Cooper, HIROSHI SAKAI1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages P125-P129
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (980K) -
SEIICHI KATO1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages P130-P134
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (691K) -
KEIZO UEDA1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages P135-P138
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1520K) -
HIROSHI YASUDA, Rob Kirschbaum1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages P139-P142
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (842K) -
SHINICHI ISHIDA1987 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages P143-P147
Published: April 10, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1532K)
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