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Volume 48, Issue 7
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Ryo Oono1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages 307-312
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe heat generation of nylon6 filaments by drawing was measured with a thermographic apparatus. The effect of heat on fracture was discussed based on the observation of fractured surfaces by an electron microscope. In a simple elongation, the surface temperature of filaments rose 40-50°C from room temperature, and the temperature of fractured surfaces rose 90-115°C. The heat generated on drawing was due to the friction between polymer chains. The higher temperature of the fractured section than that of the filament surface was attributed to the heat loss with convection and radiation (32°C), the heating due to rapid retraction after breaking (10-20°C), and the heating due to local extension near the breaking point (3-5°C). Round bumps and fine strings were observed on the fractured surfaces. They seemed to be due to softening and melting by the generated heat, which suggests that the partial temperature in the micro-region rose over the melting point. In the elongation of knotted filaments, the surface temperature of knots rose 50-60°C from room temperature, and the temperature of the fractured surfaces rose 100-140°C. The morphology of fractured surfaces of knotted filaments was fundamentally the same as that of simple elongation, and many fine strings were observed. In the plastic deformation of nylon filaments elongation energy was spent in the deformation of the micro-structure and the accompanying heat. The temperature rise after breaking was founded to be smaller than those of brittle polymers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1627K) -
Hitoshi Morita, Hiroshi Sakabe, Takashi Itoh, Takashi Konishi1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages 313-319
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA layer structure was observed by a scanning electron microscope on the surface of uniaxially- or biaxially-drawn high-density polyethylene films treated with low temperature oxygen plasma. The long axis of the layer structure was almost perpendicular to the drawing direction of the uniaxially drawn films. The spacing between layers expanded explicitly with increasing the electric power of discharge even at the same stage of the weight loss. There was not so much change in the surface morphology when the treatment time was longer than 20min at any discharge power, but the weight of the samples decreased linearly after 20min treatment. It was found by comparing the surface morphology with the micro X-ray diffraction patterns for the biaxially drawn samples that the layer structure was related to the orientation of the crystallites and that the layer laid perpendicular to the molecular chains in each region. As the appearance mechanism of the layer structure, it was suggested that the structural relaxation of the molecular chains was caused by the plasma radiation, and the partial-melting and epitaxial recrystallization processes occured continuously on the substrate crystal.View full abstractDownload PDF (3923K) -
Takeshi Fukuda, Takaya Sato, Takeaki Miyamoto1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages 320-325
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA novel polyhydroxy polymer, o-(2, 3-dihydroxypropyl) cellulose (DHPC) was synthesized by reaction of cellulose with 2, 3-epoxy-1-propanol (glycidol). The reaction was carried out in both homogeneous and heterogeneous media, which resulted in two types of DHPCs, coded DH and HDH, respectively. They were compared with each other with respect to structural and physicochemical properties, such as relation between molar substitution-degree of substitution, substituent distribution within anhydroglucose unit, water solubility, aqueous solution viscosity, surface activation effect and thermal and dielectric properties of cyanoethyl DHPCs. Significant differences between the two types of DHPCs were observed in all these properties, which were discussed in terms of the difference in the substituent distribution along the cellulose chain.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K) -
Chiyomi Mizutani, Yoshihiko Onogi, Hiroshi Inagaki, Takaya Sato, Takea ...1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages 326-331
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to prepare cotton fibers having a higher water absorbency with no changes in other textile properties, especially in handling characteristics. Such cotton fibers was successfully prepared by lightly modifying the interior of the fibers with monochloroacetic acid and 2, 3-epoxy-propanol. The optimal degree of substitution for the present purpose was in the region of 0.01 to 0.02 for carboxymethylation and 0.1 to 0.2 for dihydroxypropylation, respectively. The carboxymethylation was thus more effective than the dihydroxypropylation. The obtained cotton fibers absorbed about 150-160% as much water as the untreated fibers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1299K) -
Isao Ikeda, Noriko Tanaka, Kimihiro Suzuki1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages 332-336
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEpoxy-activated cellulose (CGE) was reacted with hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI, Mw of 6.0 × 104) to give two aminated celluloses (HMDA- and PEI-celluloses) which were further utilized to prepare antimicrobial cellulose derivatives. Ampicillin (AMP) was immobilized on HMDA-cellulose with glutaraldehyde, and heavy metalions such as Ag (I), Hg (II), Cu (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) were adsorbed on PEI-cellulose, and their antimicrobial activity were analyzed. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AMP immobilized on cellulose was 68 μmol/L for Escherichia coli HB101 (E. coli) and less than 4 μmol/L for Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168 (B. subtilis) on the broth dilution method. On the other hand, PEI-cellulose bearing Ag (I), Hg (II), Cu (II) or Zn (II) ion showed higher antimicrobial activity for E. coli than that for B. subtilis. These effects were considered to be due to the liberation of antimicrobial agents from cellulose derivatives.View full abstractDownload PDF (1358K) -
Tatsuo Iwasaki, Yoshitsugu Ueda1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages 337-342
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylates, acrylonitrile, and acrylamide, were grafted onto nylon 6 fibers by the γ-ray pre-irradiation technique, and the effects of grafting on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the graft copolymers were investigated. According to the analysis by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, the degree of crystallization decreased by increasing the percent graft of poly (vinyl acetate) in the grafted nylon 6 films. The mechanical parameters, such as the Young's modulus and the tensile strength at break, increased with increasing percent graft up to 50%. When persent grafting was smaller than 50%, rather homogeneous amorphous materials were obtained with vinyl acetate, while heterogeneous ones were obtained with other vinyl monomers. A poly (vinyl alcohol) grafted nylon 6 was obtained effectively by saponification of poly (vinyl acetate) grafted nylon 6, the former showing higher mechanical properties than the latter. Similar behavior was observed after saponification of the poly (methyl acrylate) grafted nylon 6.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Hiroko Yoshida, Mitsuhiko Hida1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages 343-349
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFormation of inclusion compounds between azoniabetain dyes (2-styryl benzo [a] quinoliziniums, A, B and C) and α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins (CD) has been investigated from the absorption spectra accompanied by negative solvatochromism. As reference, 4-nitrophenol, potassium 4-nitrophenolate and 4-nitroaniline were used as indicator of the inclusion. The latter three compounds formed inclusion compounds only with α-CD, but not with β- and γ-CD's because of their larger cavity radii. Dye A in OH 0-forms was not included by the three CD's by the steric hindrance of oxygen at o-position of the dye. Dyes, B and C in OH form were not included by α-CD but formed 1:1 inclusion compounds with β- and γ-CD's, and in 0- form, they formed 1:1 incusion compounds with the three CD's. The formation constants were found to be in the order; β-CD > γ-CD > α-CD. Structures of the inclusion compounds were suggested based on their spectra.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
Hiroko Shimizu, Yoshio Shimizu, Osamu Yuge1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages 350-356
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe change of blouse pressure on the body was measured while performing several motions with different blouse styles having three different sleeve cap heights and widths, in the case of loose fitting and tight fitting sleeve hem. The following motions were performed; (1) raising the arms in front to shoulder height and lowering, (2) raising the arms above the head and lowering, (3) stretching arms to sides, crossing in front and returning, (4) rotating the arms forward, (5) rotating the arms backward, and (6) bending forward at the waist and returning. In motions (1), (2), (3), and (6), which included a stationary position, the maximum clothing pressure was observed before and after the stationary positions. In continual motions (4) and (5), the position which showed the heighest clothing pressure was almost the same. Generally, heigher clothing pressure was observed with motion (3) and lower pressure was observed with motion (4). Heigher clothing pressure was observed at the lower part of the scapula, inside the scapula, and at a slightly lower part of the upper arm. The blouse with the highest sleeve cap height/narrowest sleeve width and a tight fitting sleeve hem showed heigher clothing pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
TADAKATSU KUROKAWA1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages P393-P397
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MITSUO MATSUMOTO1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages P398-P404
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TOSHIHIDE TAKEDA1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages P405-P410
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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JIRO AMANO1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages P411-P415
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HIDEKATSU KISHI1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages P416-P419
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (707K) -
SHIGEO KANAZAWA1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages P420-P424
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (781K) -
TAKAO AKAGI1992 Volume 48 Issue 7 Pages P425-P428
Published: July 10, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1423K)
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