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Volume 50, Issue 1
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
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Katsufumi Tanaka, Kiyohito Koyama, Jun Watanabe1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUniaxial elongational viscosity-time curve (time<430 s (strain<1.3)) was measured at 175°C for the melt of an immiscible blend with and without a compatibilizer. The immiscible blend (PP-EPR/SMA) was composed of 70wt% ethylene-propylene copolymer (PP-EPR) and 30wt% styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA). Ethylene fraction of PP-EPR was about 14wt% and maleic acid fraction of SMA was about lOwt%, respectively. The compatibilizer used in the present experiment was 15wt% styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS; Styrene/Butadiene=3/7 by wt%). Both of PP-EPR/SMA and PP-EPR/SMA/SBS showed the binary-phase mor-phology of particles and polymer matrix. Dynamic moduli G'. G" and viscosity under shear flow η were also measured at 175°C and at the angular frequency or shear rate ranging from 10-5 to 102 s-1. G'. G" and η of PP-EPR/SMA/SBS were almost consistent with those of PP-EPR/SMA. It is noted that non-linear behavior of the uniaxial elongational viscosity was observed for PP-EPR/SMA whereas it was not for PP-EPR/SMA/SBS. Morphology observation of PP-EPR/SMA/SBS elongated samples by scanning electron microscope showed that interface between particles and polymer matrix was compatibilized well enough and the particles were elongated by the polymer matrix. On the other hand, particles in PP-EPR/SMA were observed to be pealed off from polymer matrix.View full abstractDownload PDF (2027K) -
Masao Matsui, Hidenobu Tsutsumi1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 7-12
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that there may be a critical conductivity which gives a good antistatic performance to electro-conductive fibers (ECF). However. in the past, this critical point was not clear because there was no accurate evaluation system to measure the antistatic properties. The authors recently developed a new measuring apparatus, (KB-system), which has excellent accuracy and reliability for evaluating the anti-static performance of fabrics. By using the KB system, the critical point has been determined to be 1×109Ω•cm for both carbon black-applied ECF and metallic oxide (semiconductor)-applied ECF. This value is one hundred times greater than that of antistatic fibers prepared by using antistatic agents. The results show the existence of essential difference in discharging mechanisms for ECF and antistatic fibers.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Fumi Masuko, Ken-ichi Furuhata, Munenori Sakamoto1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 13-22
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWool fabrics were treated with 0.08M KCN in water, a 1:3 (v/v) mixture of acetone and water or a 1:3 (v/v) mixture of 2-propanol and water at 50 or 80°C. The wool fabrics were shrunk in two stages (at the KCN treatment and at air-drying) and the thickness of the fabrics was increased by the treatment in mixed solvent systems but the air permeability of the treated fabrics was increased because pin holes were formed at the interseptions of the warp and filling yarns. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the fabrics treated in mixed solvent systems showed that the cross sections of the fibers were much deformed and sometimes fibers adhered each other. Deep longitudinal striations were found at the surfaces of the fibers. Experiments with single wool fibers showed that the bilateral distribution of ortho-and paracortical cells was reversed in relation to the crimps of the fibers by the treatment: orthocortical cells located on the outer side of the crimps before the treatment were located on the inner side after the treatment, and the striations were preferentially distributed on the orthocortical side of the crimps. The changes in the structures of fabrics, yarns and fibers were the most significant when treated with KCN in aqueous 2-propanol in which both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bonds in wool were cleaved the most effectively so that wool fibers swelled the most in this system.View full abstractDownload PDF (2390K) -
Yuzo Harade, Rumiko Fujioka, Fudeko Tanaka, Noriko Hachimaru1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 23-27
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe equilibrium surface tension of the aqueous solution of aliphatic alcohol and sulfonated dye mixture was measured as a function of the total molarity and mole fraction of dye of the mixture under atmospheric pressure at 298. 15 K. The systems used were n-butanol (BuOH) and C. I. Direct Red 39 (DR-39), and n-pentanol (PeOH) and C. I. Acid Orange 7 (AO-7) mixtures. In the former, the surface-activity of the alcohol was lower than that of the mixed dye, but in the latter, that of the alcohol was higher. By applying Motomura's thermodynamic equation, the total surface density and composition of the mixed adsorbed film were evaluated numerically. In the BuOH and DR-39 mixture system, the mixed adsorbed film abounded in DR-39 over the whole composition range of solution, while in the PeOH and AO-7 mixture system, the mixed adsorbed film abounded in PeOH. The same phenomena were recognized for the benzyl alcohol and acid dye mixture system. These results showed that the composition of the mixed adsorbed film was predominant in the more surface-active component.View full abstractDownload PDF (339K) -
Jyun-ichi Ishikuro, Yoshiyuki Hirai, Toshinari Nakajima1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 28-31
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree isotherms, termed Itotal, I1st, and I2nd, were obtained from the data of successive differential sorptions at 30°C for the silk-water systems. The Itotal, was obtained by accumulating the equilibrium uptakes at successive steps in the differential sorption. The Ilst was also obtained by accumulating the 1st-stage portion of equilibrium uptakes. The I2nd was obtained by subtracting Ilst from Itotal. The curves of Itotal and Ilst, were sig-moidal, whereas that of I2nd, which was concave against the abscissa, could be approximated to straight lines turned down at relative vapor pressure p/po around 0.65. The BET theory, Flory-Huggins' interaction parameter X1, and the cluster function G11/V1, were employed to analyze the isotherms. The results for Ilst suggested that the structure of the corresponding amorphous region (termed amorphous 1) was similar to that in common synthetic polymers. The BET parameter nm for I2nd was unusually small. The X1 had a maximum value at p/po≈0.65. The G11/V1 increased markedly at p/po>0.65; the large positive values of G11/V1 meant the clustering tendency of sorbed water. The value of p/po≈0.65 had been considered to be the critical water vapor pressure for glassrubber transition of amorphous 1 based on the previous differential sorption experiments. The conclusion which explains consistently these findings is that the sorption on amorphous 2 is caused by the swelling pressure induced by the sorption of water into amorphous 1 and the sorption behavior of amorphous 2 varies before and after the glass-rubber transition of the amorphous 1. Thus, for the amorphous structure of silk fibroin has proposed a following model: amorphous 2 is located in a matrix of amorphous 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (270K) -
Jianyong Chen, Akihiko Tanioka, Norihiko Minoura1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 32-37
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPermeability coefficients of KCl, K2SO4, K2HPO4, MgCl2, CaCl2 and MgSO4 were measured as a function of concentration of external solution in the system of silk fibroin membrane-electrolyte aqueous solution. Cation and anion mobilities (ω+, ω-) were obtained from the electrolyte permeability coefficient excluding the effects of the fixed charge groups in the membrane. Ion mobilities for KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 in the membrane were 1/100 of that in the water, and for K2SO4, K2HPO4 and MgSO4 1/1000. Anion mobilities were nearly constant irrespective of coupled counter ions. On the other hand, cation mobilities were much more affected by the coupled counter ions. Two-valent anions were much affected by the obstruction of polymer chains.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
Yukie Karube, Toshiro Iijima1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 38-42
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEquilibrium sorption and diffusion rates of acid dyes in nylon dyeing were investigated. The dyes used have alkyl groups containing O-12 carbon atoms. The sorption isotherms were analysed quantitatively by a dual sorption model, consisting of partition (P) and Langumuir (L) mechanism. With increase in the number of carbon atoms, the P type contribution increases equilibrium sorption. Dyes containing alkyl groups with less than 10 of carbon atoms were sorbed stoichiometrically by the L type mechanism at the charged amino end groups of nylon. On the other hand, when the groups contained 10 and 12 of carbon atoms, the dyes were sorbed in excess of the equivalent of charged amino end groups.
Diffusion profiles in the nylon substrate were determined by the cylindrical film roll method and the results were interpreted by the same dual model. The longer the alkyl group, the larger in the contribution of P type diffusion, but its contribution to total diffusion is small. The concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient of the L type varied with the length of the alkyl chains.View full abstractDownload PDF (381K) -
Yutaka Kawahara1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 43-45
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDomestic (Bombyx mori) and wild (Antheraea pemyi) silk fibers were treated with organic solvents at various temperatures, and studied by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that the solvent induced crystallization occurred only in the domestic silk fiber, whereas the small-angle X-ray scattering analysis suggested that the fraction of microvoids was decreased by ethanol or acetic acid treatment in the wild silk fiber.View full abstractDownload PDF (235K) -
Toshimi Matsui, Yoshikazu Arimatsu, Hajime Suzuki1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 46-48
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction between butylamines and phenyl isocyanate was studied as a model reaction for the formation of the hard segment in segmented polyurethaneurea. Since the reaction was too fast to measure by a conventional titration method, aniline was used as a competitive component in the reaction between n-butylamine (NBA) or sec-butylamine (SBA) and phenyl isocyanate (PHI) at O, 17 and 39°C. The rate constants of the reaction be-tween NBA and PHI were 30.9×10-2, 44.2×10-2 and 59.3×10-2 L•mol-1 • s-1 at 0, 17 and 39°C and those for SBA and PHI were 8.3×10-2, 18.8×10-2 and 44.5×10-2 L•mol-1•s-1 at 0, 17 and 39°C, respectively, The activation energies were 2.8 and 7.3 kcal/mol, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (197K) -
TETSUO ASAKURA1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P3-P4
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KEIKO ISOI1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P5
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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AKIRA ISOGAI1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P6-P7
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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AKIMOTO UCHIKAWA1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P8-P9
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YUTAKA OHKOSHI1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P10-P11
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YASUO OHTA1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P12-P13
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HAJIME OKAMURA1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P14-P15
Published: January 10, 1994
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EIICHI ONO1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P16-P17
Published: January 10, 1994
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TAKASHI KATO1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P18-P19
Published: January 10, 1994
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NATSUKO KOHARA1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P20-P21
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Yoshinobu Sato1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P22-P23
Published: January 10, 1994
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MASATOSHI SHIOYA1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P24-P25
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KATSUFUMI TANAKA1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P26-P27
Published: January 10, 1994
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RYOHEI TANAKA1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P28-P29
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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NAOHIKO NAGATA1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P30-P31
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YOSHIYUKI NISHIO1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P32-P33
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TETSUNORI HIGUCHI1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P34-P35
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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SHOGO MUTAGAMI1994 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages P36-P37
Published: January 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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