Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 57, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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  • Sorption and diffusion behavior of water for Nylon-6 fibers of various diameters
    Mika Morishima, Akira Morikawa, Hiromi Gocho, Eiichiro Jojima, Yoshio ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 69-74
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.69
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Sorption and diffusion properties of water for four Nylon-6 fibers of different diameters have been systematically examined at 25°C. The diameters of the fibers are 82, 24, 9.1(micro-fiber), and 2.5(super-micro-fiber) μm. The quartz spring weighing method has been employed for measuring the water sorption to the fibers. The amount of sorbed water has been separated into that absorbed to the volume of non-crystallline part of the fibers and that adsorbed to the surface of the fibers, in order to explain the absorption by the diffusion of water into the fibers. The change in the ainount of diffused water with time was described by Fick's second law of diffusion.
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  • Design of Lignin-Based Recyclable Materials -Controlled Modification of Lignophenols Using the Function of C1-Phenols-
    Yukiko Nagamatsu, Masamitsu Funaoka
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 75-81
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.75
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Recyclable lignin-based materials, lignophenols were synthesized directly from native lignins, using the phase-separation system composed of phenols and concentrated aci(L Under alkalioe condition C1-phenoxide of 1, 1-bis(aryl)propane type units attacked adjacent C2, followed by the cleavage of ayl ether linkages (switehing function). Although ligno-p-cresol and ligno-2, 4-dimethylphenol had similar structural characteristics and depolymerization patterns, ligno-p-cresol with a reaction site on cresolic nuclei was hydroxymethylated to a larger extent than ligno-2, 4-dimethylphenol: the amount of introduced hydroxymethyl group was 0.81mol/C9 in ligno-p-cresol, 0.15mol/C9 in ligno-2, 4-dimethylphenol. Hydroxymethylated ligno-p-cresol and ligno-2, 4-dimethylphenol were polymerized by heating to give a network type- and a linear type-polymers, respectively. The resulting polymer chains were cleaved at the switching points to give low molecular weight subunits by the alkaline treatment.
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  • Functionality Control of Lignin-Based Polymers -Structure and Function of Intramolecular Switching Devices-
    Yukiko Nagamatsu, Masamitsu Funaoka
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 82-87
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.82
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Though the phase-separation system composed of the concentrated acid and p-alkylphenols, the lignin-based polymers (lignophenols) with the switching devices for the functionality control were synthesized. p-Substituted phenols grafted to C1 of the lignin side chain attacked C2 in alkaline media, followed by the cleavage of 2-O-aryl ether and the exchange of phenolic functionality from C1 phenols to lignin nuclei. Using 2, 6-dimethylphenol (the control device), the switching functions of various ligno-p-alkylphenols were controlled. There was a good correlation between the frequency of phenolic nuclei with C2-attackable OH and the depolymerization degree. Furthermore, compared with ligno-2, 4-dimethylphenol, the rate of alkaline depolymerization of ligno-p-n-propylphenol was lower, indicating that the switching functions of C1-grafted p-alkylphenols were affected to a larger extent by their steric factors rather than their electronegativity.
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  • Kenaf Bast Fiber Treatment for Nonwoven Fabrics
    Qiye Yang, Junn Morisawa, Yoshito Ohtani, Kazuhiko Sameshima
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 88-93
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.88
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    Kenaf fiber has been traditionally used in the cordage, sack, pulp and paper industries, but few commercial attempt has ever been made to utilize its potential as a major biodegradable raw material for nonwoven manufacture because of coarseness and stiffness of the fiber bundles. In this study, NaOH and softeners were used to refine the fibers. The chemical components of the treated fibers and the physical properties of the nonwoven fabrics made by water-jet from the treated kenaf fibers blended with rayon were examined. Results confirmed that alkali treatment (1st treatment) was effective to remove impurities, but the treated fiber was still too coarse to pass a carding machine. Softener treatment (2nd treatment) under neutral condition was effective to get finer fiber with nearly no negative influence on the strength of the fiber. So that, it might be a practical way to get refined fiber for nonwoven process.
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  • Cause and Prevention Technique for Streaks generated during Sample Preparation Process using a Focused Ion Beam
    Hiromi Uchimura, Yasushi Ozaki, Minoru Kimura
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 94-99
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.94
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A new sample preparation method using a focused ion beam has been developed, as a preparation technique of cross-section for examining the internal structure of paper materials. However, a number of streaks on the cross-section was sometimes generated during irradiation of the beam. From the model experiments using smooth and rough surface films like polyethylene terephthalate or vinyl chloride, the streaks were found to run from a tip of deep micro clacks on the rough surface of the samples. Thin protective layer of tungsten, platinum, or carbon deposited on the rough surface of materials was pronouncedly effective to control of generation of the streaks. In this study, most suitable combination of platinum and carbon for formation of the effective thin layer was discussed from a view point of a practical time period of the effective layer formation.
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