Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 70, Issue 5
Journal of the Society of Fiber Science and Technology
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Reviews and News
Foreword
Special Issue on Cooperation with Industry, Government and Academia (2)
Series on Origin of Melt-Spinning Technology
Serise of Historical Reviews of Japanese Textile Industry Supported by the Technology-History of the Production,Sales,and Product Development-9
Original Articles
Transactions
  • Discoloration and Strength Reduction of Plant Fibers by Heat Degradation
    Ha Si, Haruhiro Ino, Teruo Kimura
    2014 Volume 70 Issue 5 Pages 89-95
    Published: May 10, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 13, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.89
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In recent years, plant fiber, which consists of cellulose, attracts much attention as biobased materials. However, cellulose structure is easily altered by heat load. As a result, cellulose fibers undergo reduction in strength and discoloration. Such degradation of fiber is important problem for industrial use. In this study, the mechanical and color properties of cotton, ramie and kenaf fibers at the heating temperature of under 240℃ and heating period less than 120 min were discussed, and also their relation was investigated. The results of tensile test reveal that the tensile strength decreases with increasing temperature and heating period. Although the tensile strength differs by the kind of fiber, the reduction rate of tensile strength is similar for all kind of fiber. From the color measurement, the color difference between heated and unheated fiber increases with increasing temperature and heating period. The discoloration of cotton fiber is larger than ramie and kenaf fibers. In addition, from the evaluation of the relationship between discoloration and the strength reduction caused by heat load, it was revealed that there is a linear relation in the region less than 20 of color difference.
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  • Optimum Amount of Addition of the Polymer Flocculant in Papermaking Wastewater Treatment
    Hailan JIN, Junhyung CHO, Takayuki Okayama, Jian LI
    2014 Volume 70 Issue 5 Pages 96-99
    Published: May 10, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 13, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.96
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this study, the effect of polymer flocculants (anionic polyacrylamide and cationic polyacrylamide) on sludge dewatering and floc strength was evaluated. The dual polymer system was preferred in terms of sludge dewatering and floc strength. The optimum dosage of the dual polymer system was 100-150ppm. Also, the combined use of two polymers was superior to the single polymer system in terms of COD removal. Compared with the single polymer system, the use of the dual polymer system resulted in further increase in COD removal by 15-20%. In the case of single polymer system, cationic polyacrylamide was better than anionic polyacrylamide. Charge density approached positive with the increased addition of the cationic polymer.
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Technical Paper
  • Activation of Orange II Decoloration Reaction with Peroxidase Under Low Temperature
    Akira Higashi, Miyuki Morita
    2014 Volume 70 Issue 5 Pages 100-104
    Published: May 10, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 13, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.100
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Decoloration of Orange II catalyzed horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with activator as p-iodophenol, sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulphonate (NOBS) and sodium p-phenolsufonate under low temperature was studied kinetically. Decoloration rate constant (k) that can prevent dye transfer of Orange II (k = 2.0 min-1) was not obtained in 3.4 × 10-8 M HRP without activator. Optimum condition using p-iodophenol was pH 8.9 Carmody buffer and 5.0 × 10-5 M p-iodophenol. Optimum pH using NOBS and sodium p-phenolsufonate were 10.1 and 10.3 respectively. Decoloration rate constant decreased with increase in the concentration NOBS. k = 2.0 min-1 was not reached unless high sodium p-phenolsulfonate. Therefore, it was found that the use of p-iodophenol appears optimal.
    Decoloration reaction of Orange II using HRP with p-iodophenol and sodium percarbonate to prevent dye transfer was optimized under low temperature. The activation energy of decoloration of Orange II using HRP with p-iodophenol was 1/2 - 1/3 of those without activator and using sodium percarbonate.
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Note
  • Identification of Cashmere and Other Animal Hair Fibers in Textiles by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
    Shinichi Ohashi, Yuka Demura, Motoaki Sano, Yoichiro Yoshioka
    2014 Volume 70 Issue 5 Pages 105-108
    Published: May 10, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: May 13, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.105
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We have recently developed new methods by which we can identify the animal species based on the difference in the amino acid sequences of keratin proteins using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In this paper, we report the effect of processing, especially dyeing, on the identification of animal species. The method was also successfully applied for identifying animal species in blends with natural fibers, chemical fibers, and other animal fibers. Camel, alpaca, horse, rabbit, and other animal hair fibers were used and animal species-specific peaks were observed in MALDI-TOF mass analysis.
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