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Volume 43, Issue 3
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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The Cell Size, the Physiological Activity and the Content of Photosynthetic Pigments in the Thallus Cultured in LaboratoryTuyosi OOHUSA, Shigeru ARAKI, Takemaro SAKURAI, Munekatsu SAITOH1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 245-249
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiurnal variation of cell size, photosynthesis, respiration and content of photosynthetic pigmenes in the thallus of porphyra sp. Were investigated in an artificial medium under 12-hour light (50, 000lx) and 12-hour dark cycles. Of these above mentioned four subjects under study, the first three showed similarly each of the diurnal rhythm characteristics. Cell size and photosynthesis exhibited their maxima toward the middle of the light period and minima in the middle of the dark period. Respiration gradually increased during the light period and tapered with the start of dark.
The cell size of the younger thallus was generally smaller than that of older ones. Cell division in the former occurred over the whole thallus, while it was rather limited in the marginal parts in the latter. Content of photosynthetic poigments per dry weight or per area of the thallus was almost unchanged during the experimental period, except for some significant random changes in the content of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin.View full abstractDownload PDF (189K) -
The Growth and the Contents of Free and Total Nitrogen and Carbohydrate inthe Thallus Cultured in the LaboratoryTuyosi OOHUSA, Shigeru ARAKI, Takemaro SAKURAI, Munekatsu SAITOH1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 251-254
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe surface area, the fresh and dry weights, the contents of total free amino acids and total nitrogen, and the total alcohol soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in the thallus of porphyra sp. Cultured in an artificial medium were derermined during its growth under 12-hour light and dark cycles. The thallus area and dry weight doubled during a 72 hr culture period, and particularly showed greater increases during the light. In contrast to the remarkable decrease of nitrate nitrogen in the medium, the total nitrogen in the thallus increased showing a reverse relationship. The nitrate uptake was much greater on a dry weight basis was almost unchanged during the culture period.
The total alcohol-soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, and the total free amino acids also increased in amount during the light culture and attained their maxima at the end of the light periods but followed by a steep decrease which began immediately after dark. Their minimum coutents were found at the end of the dark periods, The possible cause of such rhythmic changes in these compounds were discussed in relation to photosynthesis of the thallus and its cell growth and division.View full abstractDownload PDF (289K) -
Method for Obtaining the Pathogen ComplexMichiko TANIGUCHI1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 255-258
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor examining the factors influencing the development of the yellow spot disease in Porphyra conchocelis, it is essential that a pathogen which will attack the host positively be prepared with discretion, if in case the pathogen can not be purified. In this study, the methods for obtaining a pathogen complex was examined by centrifugation and filter-sterilization opaocedures. The results obtained are as follows:
1. It was ascertained that the pathogen complex exists mainly in the deritus deposits in the culture wawter of conchocelis, when the yellow spot disease is spreading strongly.
2. The pathogen complex existiong in the detritus is fraccionated in the supernatant at 6500xg and the precipitation at 1200xg by centrifugation.
3. It was proved by the methods of centrifugation and Zeitzfiltration of pathogenic water that the pathogen complex is an organism which is slightly smaller than normal bacteria and larger than virus.
4. In the laver culture industry, the yellow spot disease in porphyra conchocelis can possibly be prevented by eliminating the detritus from the cultre seawater at all times.View full abstractDownload PDF (1036K) -
Aquatic Factors Influencing the Development of the Yellow Spot DiseaseMichiko TANIGUCHI1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 259-263
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAquatic factors that influence the development of yellow spot disease in Porphyra conchocelis were examined.
1. When sterilized water drawn from a culture container in which the disease conchocelis inoculated with the fractionated pathogen complex suffered from the disease. On the other hand, when the inoculated conchocelis were kept in fresh sea water, they did not suffer from the disease at all. There was remarkable difference between the srerilized culture water and the fresh seawater in their respective COD values and NO3-N concentrations; i.e., the COD value and NO3-N concentration was comparatively high in the sterilized culture water and low in the fresh seawater.
2. The appearance of the symptoms on inoculated conchocelis was affected by the NO3-N concentration and the amount of laver extract which were added to the culture water; i.e., the appearance of the symptom was restained at NO3-N 100μg at./liter or the laver extract 1.25g/liter, was not always restained at NO3-N lower than 100μgat./liter or the laver extract lower than 1.25g/liter, and was scarcely restained and spread quickly at NO3-N higher than 500μgat./liter or the laver extract 2.5g/liter.
3. The appearance of the symptom on incoulater conchocelis was not restained at pH 5.0 in culture water, and restained at the pH value higher than neutral.View full abstractDownload PDF (349K) -
On Round Herring Fished off the Western Coast of San'in DistrictIchiro HARA1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 265-270
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the good fishing grounds for the round herring is off the western coast of the San'in district. Other main fishing grounds along the coast of San'in district lie around Oki islands and off the coast of Kyushu. A comparison of the relative abundances at two stages, the juvenile and the spawner, was made in order to understand the population dynamics of the round herring that dwells off the western coast of Shimane Pref. The results indicate that the relationship between the Parent and the Progeny well fits to a density dependent reproduction curve. It was, also, found that this species spawns from May to June off Hamada and consists of several subpopulations that are found off the coast of San'in district. The increase in mean fork length over the fishing season, based on measurements, give a growth curve of the round herring. Round herrings off the western coast of San'in district grow up 17cm in mean fork length at the end of the year of birth.View full abstractDownload PDF (331K) -
Isamu MORI1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 271-275
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Fishing ground of domesticated yellowtail distribute in sea areas where the Tsushima Current directly flows. The best fishing season is the period from Septembe to October.
Body size of the yellowtail caught is smaller in Tsushima fishing grounds than in Goto Islands, and larger in the deeper fishing grounds.
2. There are rocks 20-40 m in height on the sea floor 50-75 m deep in the fishing grounds. Sea deposits around the rocks are white sands and the sea conditions of almost all fishing grounds are satisfactory.
Considering sea depth of the fishing grounds, height of the attraction points, sea deposits and other factors in relation to the catch, any especially good condition for catch can not be recognized.
3. It is likely that there are relationships between quantity of ground-bait and catch, because the ground-bait might be controlled in accordance with the amount of the yellowtail catch.
There are two groups of the yellowtail, one which shows small catch in spite of high efficienoy of the ground-bait, and the other shows large catch in spite of low efficiency of the ground-bait. The reason why these two groups are seen is an economical problem that there is a difference between a boss who wants to ger more catch by using less quantity of the gron-bait and a boss who wants to ger more catch by using much ground-bait.View full abstractDownload PDF (273K) -
Shinya ISHIO, Jiann Chu CHEN, Tomoki YANO1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 277-288
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA marine catenate dinoflagellate having been tentatively applied by the present authors for detectiong carcinogens has been regarded to be Polykrikos schwartzi BÜTSCHLI. However, this species does not belong to the genus Polykrikos for reasons that it is devoid of both syncytium cell structure and nematocysts, but possesses both chloroplasts and phagocytes. This dinoflagellate isnow concluded to belong to the genus Gyrodinium from the theca having both blisters and cortical vesicles, plastids very similar to those of Gyrodinium cohnii and the girdle displacement of 0.23 clearly exceeding the upper limit of that of Gyrodinium.View full abstractDownload PDF (6619K) -
Shinya ISHIO, Jiann Chu CHEN, Nobuyoshi OHBA1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 289-299
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBenzanthrone added to ASP2NTA medium was incorporated in a short period, mainly into the thecae and the crude nuclei of Gyrodinium sp. The benzanthrone incorporated into purified nuclei was less, but less concentration amounted to 800 times as large as the initial 1ppm concentration of the medium. Benzanthrone in purified nuclei was extremely hard to remove and was presumed to intercalate between DNA base pairs. Since Gyrodinium sp. Separated from the medium containing benzanthrone continued to propagate, showing mitotic delays over three to five generations at least in the normal medium, the mitotic delay caused by benzanthrone was concluded to be of a hereditary nature.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
Tetsuichi NOMURA, Hiroshi KAWATSU1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 301-306
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVariation of hematocrit values was studied on rainbow trout blood samples incubated under different conditions of temperature, volume of blood sample and concentration of heparin sodium.
Blood samples were taken from the caudal artery with heparintreated syringes and transferred to two or three test tubes (7×70mm) in accordance with the purpose of the experiment.. Hematocrit values were determined at zero-time and after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes for each sample. Ten samples were measured under each condition.
In Experiments 1 and 2, the effect of temperature was studied, change in hematocrit values became smaller at lower temperatures, and at 0.3°C the reading remained stable for 60 minutes after bleeding.
In experiment 3, the effect of the volume of blood in the test tube was studied. Each blood ample was divided into three parts, with volumes of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9ml. Hematocrit values tended to become higher with the increase in blood volume in the test tube.
In Experiment 4, the effect of heparin concentration was studied. Within the range of 0.2-0.5mg heparin sodium per ml of blood, no effects of heparin concentration on hematocrit value were found.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Kazushi IWATA, Noboru NAKAI, Kyoichi KOBASHI, Jun'ichi HASE1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 307-314
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome enzymatic properties of the highly purifted cathepsin A from white muscle of carp were examined. The optimal pH of the cathepsin A was 4.6 in 0.2M acetate buffer solution. Approximate Km values of the cathepsin A for carbobenzoxy (CBZ)-Glu-Phe, CBZ-Glu-Tyr and CBZ-Gly-Phe were 0.42, 0.75 and 14 mM, respectively, in 0.2M acetate buffer solution, pH 5.0. Acetyl-Phe-Tyr (I2) was hardly hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The thermostability of the enzyme was increased in the presence of NaCl and sucrose. Hg2+, pCMB and diisopropyl fluorophosphates were inhibitory on the enzymatic activity. The inhibition of the enzyme by antipan was competitive foe CBZ-Glu-Tyr, with Ki value of 17 μM. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by all the thiol compounds tested at high concentrations. Some discussions were presented as to whether carp cathepsin A and catheptic carboxypeptidase among cathepsins are the same enzyme or not. In the enzyme assay, the fluorometric method using fluorescamine showed some advantages to the conventional ninnhydrin method in simplicity, rapidity, and sensitivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (464K) -
Ikuo KIMURA, Takashi MROZUKA, Ken-ichi ARAI1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 315-321
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Biochemical properties of myosins prepared from the frozen muscle of a few marine fish species and tilapia (a tropical freshwater fish) have been compared.
1) For various myosin preparations ATP-sensitivity values varied between 2 and 5.
2) Skipjack tuna myosin was found to retain remarkably high Ca2+-ATPase specific activity, while those of yellowtail and bigeye tuna had comparatively lower values.
3) Certain effectors, such as KCl, Ca2+ and Mg2+ showed essentially the same effects on fish myosin ATPases as they do on rabbit skeletal muscle myosin.
4) The sulfhydryl group contents (moles per 5×105g) were found to be 37-38 for skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna and white marline myosins along with that of tilapia. Myosins of yellowtail and bigeye tuna were found to contain as few as 30-33 sulfhydryl groups.
5) When the relative thermo-stabilities of these myosins were compared in terms of the inactivation of Ca2+ATPase at 35°C, the sequence was found to be: tilapia, skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, white marline, bigeye tuna and yellowtail in decreasing order.
6) The ability of various fish myosins to combine with rabbit actin was determined by measuring the ATP-sensitivity and the stabilization of Ca2+ATPase to thermal denaturation. It was noted that myosins from tilapia, skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna and white marline ratain fairly good actin combining ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Koichi OKUTANI1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 323-328
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmarine bacterium NO.9-12, isolated from sea water, produced an extracellular viscous substance in sea water medium.
The viscous substance was precipitated from the fermentation broth with acetone, extracted with M/100 EDTA and lyophilized after dialysis against water. The substance thus obtained exhibited antitumor activity for mouse sarcoma-180 (ascites type). Upon intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/Kg/day ×5 and 5 mg/Kg/day ×5 of this substance, the growth of mouse ascites carcinoma was inhibited 84.4% and 87.2%, respectively.
Chemical analysis showed that the substance contained 25.8%C, 4.2%H, 6.1%N, and 27.3% ash.
The homogeneity of the crude extract was determined by colume chromatography on Sephadex G-75, Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose 6B, The data suggested that the polysaccharide was separated from the protein moiety and that the polysaccharide was heterogenous.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
Isolation and Characterization of ActinShugo WATABE, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 329-334
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActin was isolated from the smooth adductor of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis as follows. The crude natural actomyosin was prepared as reported previously, and dissolved in 0.6M KCl•5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol 25 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.4. Up to 5mM ATP was added to the solution, and the mixture was gently stirred for several minutes at 0°C. Then the mixture was centrifuged at 10, 000×g for 30 min to spin down the precipitate consisting mainly of myosin, tropomyosin, and paramyosin. The supernatant thus obtained consisted almost exclusively of actin. This actin showed a s020.w of 3.30S, and a molecular weight of about 47, 000 daltons. It was demonstrated to be composed of a single polypeptide.The intrinsic viscosity was 0.20 dl/g in the G-form and 1.6 dl/g in the F-form. This scallop actin was rich in Glu, Asp and Ala, and poor in Trp, Cys/2 and His. Except for the lower intrinsic viscosity in the F-Form, this actin is very similar to actins from various other sources.View full abstractDownload PDF (840K) -
Kiyoyoshi NISHITA1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 335-341
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMyosin was prepared from the striated adductor muscle of giant ezo scallop, patinopecten yessoensis, by the original method of BÁRÁNY et al.
This myosin showed the typical biological activity of myosin as already known tor rabbit myosin; that is, high ATP hydrolyzing activity and actin-binding ability.
The actin-bingding ability of this myosin was examined by measuring the increase in ATP-sensitivity, superprecipitation, the enhancement of Mg2+-ATPase and the stabilization of Ca2+-ATPase for thermal denaturation.
The first order rate constants for the thermal denaturation of Ca2+-ATPase (KD) were determined to be 22×10-4•sec-1 at 30°C, and 61-128×10-4•sec-1 at 35°C, while those of rabbit myosin were 1.5×10-4•sec-1 at 30°C, and 3.7×10-4•sec-1 at 35°C.
SDS-gel electrophoresis indicated that a small amount of paramyosin and a trace of actin remained in this myosin preparation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1675K) -
Tetsuhito HAYASHI, Shoji KONOSU1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 343-348
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ethanolic extract of the adductor muscle of fan-mussel, Atrina pectinata, was fractionated on Dowex 50W-X12 column. Of 19 Dragendorff-positive substances detected, 10 quaternary ammonium bases were isolated and identifted as atrinine, carnitine, β-alanine betaine, glycine betaine, choline, γ-butyrobetaine, trimethylamine oxide, setachydrine, homarine, and trigonelline by comparing mp, IR, UV, MS, and behaviors in TLC with those of the authentic compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K) -
Mamoru SATO, Reiji YOSHINAKA, Shizunori IKEDA1977 Volume 43 Issue 3 Pages 349-355
Published: March 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarp were fed diets containing either 0.3% β-aminopropionitrile (β-APN) or 0.3%D-penicillamine. On the 67th day of the feeding, skeletal deformity was identified in 25% of the fish given β-APN and 32% of those given D-penicillamine. X-ray examination of the abnormal fish showed severe spinal curvature at the region of 12th to 16th vertebrae, separation and fracture of the vertebral column, deformation of the ribs, and fracture of the rib in its basal part. In addition, fish given these drugs exhibited hemorrhage in the fins, the skin, and the viscera, and fragility of the connective tissues.
Carp, when injected intraperitoneally with these drugs, also showed similar toxic symptoms.
These experimental results indicated that β-APN and D-penicillamine caused lathyritic changes in carp similar to those seen in rats and chickens.View full abstractDownload PDF (1183K)
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