The first description on Vibrio parahaemolyticus was made by T. Fujino (Osaka University) in 1950 in the name of Pasteurella parahaemolytica.
In 1955 a species of halophilic bacteria was detected from the feces of patients suffering from acute gastro-enteritis, and it was proved to be the pathogenic bacteria.
We supposed it must be the origin of marine source, and proposed to name it Pseudomonas enteritis. But our strains were of similar nature to that of Fujino's strain, and further studies on these strains are directing to name it Vibrio parahaemoliticus.
Now it was cleared that this bacteria is the most important cause of food poisoning in Japan, and more than half of food poisoning outbreak are cleared to be referable. (Fig, 3)
Food poisoning caused by this bacteria outbreaks only in hot seasons. (Fig. 1)
This paper treates mainly some subjects on the clinical aspects of the disease as following.
Incubation: from 14 to 17 hours (Fig. 4), that depend on quantities of bacteria. (Table 3)
Main symptoms: Stomach-ache (70-80%) and diarrhoea (80-90%) are predominant. Vomiting, fever and headache are frequently observed. (Table 4, 5)
Prognosis: Patients recover generally in the progress of some days, and serious conditions are never left after the reconvarescens. Fatal cases are rarely reported. (Fig. 6, 7)
White blood cells: increase in the first day of illness. (Fig. 8)(Table 6)
Blood pressure: Sometimes serious depression of blood pressure is observed, and the patient falls in a coma, (Fig. 9)
Urea-N in blood: increases in early stage of illness. (Fig. 10)
Proteins in serum: A/G decreases in opposition to the increase of γ-globulin. (Fig, 11, 12)
Antibodies in the patient's serum: Aggulutinin to heated bacteria increases temporarily after the illnes. (Table 7)
C. R. P. reaction of the patient's serum: Most of cases represent positive reaction in the early stage of the illnes. (Fig. 13)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: accelerated generaly in the early stage of the illness. (Fig. 14)
Autopsy: Eight cases by Osaka University and four cases by Tokyo Institute of Health are reported respectively. Main pathological statements are as follows:
a) Inflammation with edema in the intestinal mucous membrane.
b) Congestion in many organs.
c) Reduction of lipoid in the adrenal cortex. (Table 8, 9)
Bacteriological study: The consideration on the special nature of halophilie of this bacteria is the key to the bacteriological research. (Fig. 15)
Serological types: Ten O-antigen types and many K-antigen types were cleared. (Table 12)
Diagnosis: It is difficult to differentiate the patients from those suffered from acute enteritis caused by infection of other Gram-negative bacillus, many cases are diagnosed as bacillar dysenterie erroneously, (Table 13, 14) Sometimes wrong diagnosis as acute appendicitis evokes hazard conditions.
Treatment: Cares to heart and other circulatory organs, treatment with cardiacs and fluid infusion are essential to serious cases. Many antibiotics that effective to the cases infected by other Gram-negative bacillus may be used, and administration of them reduces the time duration to discharge the bacteria in patient's foeces. (Table 15)
Biotypes of the bacteria: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is composed of two biotypes according to the behavior to produce acid from sucrose or not. Strains of biotype I (Sucrose-) are primarily detected from patient's materials and those of biotype II (Sucrose+O) are from marine water or fishes. Pathogenicity is principally reduced to the strains of biotype I. (Table 1)
Some workers are proposing to classify them in other species. (Tadle 17)(Fig. 16)
Conditions of the host that influences to take ill: Many reports on outbreaks of this food poisoning were researched, and those with accurate presumption on causative foods and incubation times were accepted. Outbreaks caused by noon-time lunch offer the incubatio

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Recently it has been recognized again that importance of fibrinogen on clinical field, while the method of fibrinogen assay required a lot of time and skillful work, which disturbed to get quick results on clinical use.
Authors have been measuring plasma fibrinogen upon several diseases by a turbidimetric method using ammonium sulfate according to Fowell who first described in 1955 and we followed up their changes related with the age, menstruation and course of diseases.
The average value of plasma fibrinogen among 10 healthy male (age between 23-41) was 362.2mg%, and 10 healthy female (age between 17-32) was 388.5mg%. During premenstrual and menstrual period of healthy female showed apparent increase of that value.
Nineteen cases of lung cancer was high as much as average 907.4mg%, while 15 cases of the other part of cancer (gastric, hepatic and uterine) showed average 590.3mg% of fibrinogen.
The far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis showed apparent increased value than the mild cases. Pleurisy revealed highest value among tuberculosis, while it decreased to normal value by adequate treatment.
Unfortunately we have not experienced any case of afibrinogenemia (both of the congenital and secondary), which has been noted to be the most frequent cause of massive hemorrhage during delivery.
The plasma fibrinogen among the other diseases were as follows: 1) normal value in acute leucemia and aplastic anemia, 2) slight increase in allergic purpura, 3) apparent increase in multiple myeloma, 4) increase or decrease in hepatitis, different by the type of disease, 5) slight increase in hypertensives and and diabetics.

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Many Pathogenic microorganisms showed resistance against antibiotics since the first appearance of the penicillin, it is particularly true in the staphylococcus aureus. This facts are produced by improper use by medical stuffs.
The amount of anitibiotics produced from 1956 to 1964 had been increasing year by year in Japan and antibiotics are placed in high ranks of medical goods, according to the official statistical table of the industry. This fads also are based on improper use by doctors.
Therefore doctors should not use antibiotics improperly.

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Sixty two patients with cancer of the rectum have been followed up for 5 years after the operation or until the time of death.
The ages of this series of the patients range from 13 to 81. The treatment is consisted of abdomino-perineal resection and postoperative radiation therapy.
It is difficult to find any definite clinical manifestations influencing the survival rate in this study.
The survival rate at the end of fourth postoperative year of this series shows 55%.

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From April, 1955 through March, 1964, there was 71 cases of the rectal tumors, proportion of which to the total in-patients was 0.3 to 0.8 per cent (average. 0.6%).
Sex and Age;
The length of symptoms; Within 3 months: 31 cases. 3 months to 12 months: 30 cases. Longer than one year: 10 cases.
Subjective Symptoms; Anal bleeding and bloody feces: 73.3%.
Unusual feelings of hypogastric region: 42.3%. Diarrhea: 26.8%. Reduction of fecal column: 25.4%. Obstipations: 45.1%. Abnormal mictrition: 9.8%. Tenesmus: 18.3%.
Objective views; Abnormal views in rectal digital examination: 56 cases (78.9%). 55 cases were all found to be abnormal, examined by romanoscopy.
Lab. findings; An increase in urobilinogen in the urine: 33.3%. Positive occulte blood reaction in the feces: 94%. About half of patients showed anemia.
Treatments; We operated 47 cases (66.2‰) in radical method (abdomino-perineal method), including 43 cases with artificial anus on hypogastrium and 4 cases on perineum. 17 cases had simple artificial anus making and 4 cases were inoperable.
Location of the tumors; Upper region: 19.7%. Central region: 21.1%. Lower region 59.2%.
Histological views: Adenocarcinoma: 72.1%. Scirrhus: 9.3% Cancroid: 7%. Carcinoma simplex: 1 case. Reticulosarcoma: 1 case.
Complications: Three cases began with ileus, and one with perforation of sigma. We experienced 7 cases of postoperative ileus.

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Whitehead's operationn is the one designed for radical treatment of haemorrhoids complicated with anal prolapse. As this operation requires specially Skilled technique, many modification methods have been offered to overcome the disadvantages.
Operation method employed in this study is the one, that Yasutomi, one of the authors, designed by adding some improvements to the Kimura and Nakayama's modified method.
This is characterized by the following operative techniques. (1) Cutaneous incision is made in a form of straight line instead of arch line. (2) Partial transverse cutting of rectal longitudinal muscle fibers is made in this method instead of the total cutting employed in the Kimura's method. (3) An artery forceps is used in place of Doyan's forceps. (4) Interrupted sutures at 6 and 12 o'clock are made between the rectum canal and the forceps.
During 15 years from 1949 through 1963, 460 patients were operated upon by this method. Follow-up study was made on these patients by means of personal correspondence designed to answer questionaries regarding their own present conditions after operation, The answers obtained from 260 patients were available in this study.
The following figures are presented from this survey. In 251 patients (96.4%), preoperative complaints were completely relieved and no troubles were present after operation. And only in the remaining 9 cases (3.6%), mucous membrane prolapse and anal stenosis were noted as postoperative complications, and all of them were repaired by reoperation. There was no case who had serious complications.
From the results obtained, it is concluded that the application of this modified method to the operation of haemorroids made it possible in prevent occurrence of the postoperative complications in the majority of the patients. As mucous membrane prolapse was noted commonly in the patients suffered from postoperative sequelae although the incidence was very low in all surveyed cases, special attention should be directed toward preventing it in the performance of this operation.

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Among 365 cases of haemorrhoids which were operated in the last ten years at Sendai National Hospital, 184 cases (58.4%) were traced on late results of operation by correspondence and indication of Whitehead's operation.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) Preoperative complaints, viz. bleeding and pain were improved in more than half of the number, especially of Whitehead's operation cases who had rather fine results than Braatz's operation cases.
2) Postoperative complications were found in rather high incidence in Whitehead's operation cases (anal stenosis in 33%, insufficiency of sphincter function in 19%) than in Braatz's operation cases (anal stenosis in 23%, insufficiency of sphincter function in 13%).
3) Satisfactory subjective effects were obtained in 90.4% of cases by Whitehead's operation and in 85.5% by Braatz's operation.
4) Whitehead's operation should be applied for cases with cauliflowerlike proctocele by multiple haemorrhoids.

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