Our serious endoscopic examinations followed-up for five years after healing of gastric ulcer revealed that rate of the recurrence was high and estimated 80%.
In addition, we had an impression that the recurrence occurred toward some directions which might be determined by some regulating factors. In order to make this possible factor clear a histopathological approach was attempted on specimens obtained from resected stomachs and the results were as follows.
Ulcers of the corpus were generally accompanied with the more intensive fibrotic hyper-plasia at the oral side than the anal side. Decrease in the diameter of the vessels in the neighborhood of the initial ulcer was more marked at the oral side of ulcers in the antrum, angle and the lower potion of the corpus, while more detectable at the anal side of ulcers in the middle and upper corpus. It is probable from the above-mentioned results that submucosal fibrotic hyperplasia and decrease of the size of the vessels are significant regulating factors.
On the other hand, a group of findings found around healing or scarred ulcers, i.e., mucosal atrophy, abnormal redness, discoloration and narrowings of the folds similar to IIc lesion, was named the gazonal gastritis, which is considered to be a sign of a large possibility of recurrence.

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Subdural hematoma in infants has special characteristics on its cause, clinical features and method of treatment.
It must be thought to be quite different from those in adults and aged persons.
Eleven cases of subdural hematoma from four months to twelve months old infants have been treated.
1. The cause in five cases was falling and in six cases was overturn.
Overturn occurred at sitting or standing position, and mainly the occipits were blew.
2. Initial symptoms were as follows: vomitting (100%), continuing of pale face (81%), ill-temper (63%) and slight fever (18%).
In some cases, trauma seems to be not so severe, immediately after the accident, that parents of infants suspected it to be common cold. And yet suture separation of the skull (100%), bulging of the fontanelle (100%), convulsion immediately after the accident (63%) and ocular fundi bleeding (18%) were found characteristically after precise inspection besides head injury, however, skull fracture was of no use for its diagnosis, because it was found only in 9% of all cases.
3. Treatment Osteoplastic craniotomy and hematoma sucking (1 case), burr hole craniectomy and hematoma sucking (6 cases), percutaneous aspration of hematoma at the fontanelle (3 cases) and osteoplastic craniotomy after repetition of percutaneous aspiration (1 case) were done.
In cases of severe brain edema, burr hole craniectomy were followed by some troubles, for example excentration in three cases.
The selection of the most suitable operative method has to be done according to a size of hematoma or the degree of brain laceration. In case of low velocity impact, repeated percutaneous tap seem to be one of the good methods.
4. Whole cases have been recovered satisfactorily except the four cases, who had incomplete extremity palsy due to brain laceration remained after rehabilitation.

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Because use of clinoquinol was suspended in September 1975, we have investigated and Compared the total numbers of the neurological diseases has been treated at the 2nd Tokyo National Hospital and the Okura National Hospital in 1969 and 1971 i.e. before and after the suspension of use of clinoquinol.
Results are as follows:
1) In 1969 male patients were 270 (47.5%) and female patients were 298 (52.5%), while in 1971 males were 268 (53.8%) and females were 230 (46.2%).
There were 7 males and 40 females of SMON in the investigation in 1969. Excluding SMON from the numbers of the neurological diseases in 1969, males are 263 (54.5%) and females are 258 (49.5%).
2) In 1971 outbreak of SMON remarkably decreased, but resembling diseases to SMON were not increased, the numbers of resembling diseases to SMON in 1971 were quite equal with 1969.
Therefore the decrease of outbreak of SMON denies the suspicion, that the resembling diseases to SMON were mitaken as SMON pointed out by Meade, even though there is occurring of SMON after 1971.

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Y-5350 and prostaglandin (PG·F_2α), uterotonics of recent development, were used in the induction of labor, and their clinical effects as oxytocics were compared. Y-5350 is similar in nature to oxytocin, while PG·F_2α is a higher unsaturated fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms. The infusion solutions of both drugs were prepared by dissolving 5 units of Y-5350 and 3, 000 μg of PG·F_2α in 500 ml of 5% glucose solution, respectively, and the drugs were administered by intravenous drip infusion at a slow so as to induce labor. The subjects consisted of 46 and 29 women in whom labor was induced and facilitated, respectively, by intravenous drip infusion of Y-5350, 30 and 3 women in whom labor was induced and facilitated, respectively, by intravenous drip infusion of PG·F_2α and 6 women in whom labor was induced by oral administration of PG·E₂. The labor which was induced by Y-5350 was uterine contractions of a high frequency, whereas the labor induced by PG·F_2α was relatively weak uterine contractions of long duration. Y-5350 facilitated a rapid progress of labor in a desirable way, and the expulsion of the child occurred within 4 hours of the onset of drip infusion. PG·F_2α, on the other hand, induced labor 30 to 60 minutes after the onset of drip infusion, and the expulsion of the child occurred within 4 hours and a half of the onset of treatment. In almost all the mothers treated with Y-5350 an effective labor came on within 20 minutes of the onset of treatment, while the corresponding time ranged from 30 minutes to 1 or 2 hours in the mothers treated with PG·F_2α. The number of mothers who completed parturition during the administration of 500 ml of infusion solusion was greater in the Y-5350 group, and the number of those who showed no response to the medication was greater in the PG·F_2αgroup. The incidence of side effects such as fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia was higher in the Y-5350 group than in the other groups. The number of mothers with profuse intrapartum hemorrhages was greater in the PG·F_2α group, and PG·F_2α induced more side effects in the mothers than Y-5350. In 2 of the 6 mothers treated with oral PG·E₂ labor came on normally, soon followed by parturition, but parturition was accomplished in the other mothers with the aid of drip infusion of PG·F_2α or artificial rupture of the bag.

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For the purpose of clarifying the epidemiologic relationship between positive rate of asbestos bodies and the difference of areal distribution, age, sex, cause of death and the history of previous main occupation, the detection of asbestos bodies in human lungs at random autopsy as well as the surgical pulmonary resection has been performed at the eleven hospitals participating to the joint study in national sanatoria.
The results obtained as follows:
The proportion of cases with positive asbestos bodies was 48.2% in 184 cases of the whole 382 cases in which 158 cases (52.0%) of 304 cases at random autopsy and 26 cases (33.3%) of 72 cases at surgical resection were positive respectively.
Analysing to the above described data, the significant difference upon positive rate of asbestos bodies was observed between urban (50-70%) and rural residents (0-25%), therefore it is inferable that asbestos air contamination is developing in large cities and its vicinities.
Positive rate of asbestos bodies is nearly same level in the age above thirty years old and numbers of asbestos bodies in the lungs have tendency to increase at autopsy of male in proportion to old age.
No particular association was found between asbestos bodies in the lung and the presence of cancer.
According to the relation between detection rate of asbestos bodies and the history of main occupation, higher positive rate was obtained in dust-industrial worker, car-repairing worker or driver and lower positive rate also in house-wife, farmer, fisher, student and public officer respectively.

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Chemotherapy with antituberculous agents is usually not effective for lung tuberculoma. The lesion becomes frequently a subject of lung resection. We succeeded to treat the lung tuberculoma with combination of chemotherapy and injection of heat-killed vaccine prepared from Mycobacterium intracellulare.
The patient was a 42-years-old, male teacher, who had tuberculoma, 18 by 20 mm, in his right upper lobe. The patient was treated with chemotherapy (streptomycin+isoniazid+p-aminosalicylate) and weekly injections with heat-killed vaccine for 7 months. The tuberculoma was liquefied after 2 months and disappeared completely after 7 months. The chemotherapy with SM+INH+PAS which was administered for one year before the vaccine therapy was ineffective.
The vaccine was prepared as follows: Yoshida strain of M. intracellulare was cultivated on Sauton agar for 4 weeks. The organism was washed with distilled water and suspended in saline at a concentration of 10 mg, wet weight per ml. The suspension was sterilized by heating at 100°C for 10 minutes. A 0.1 ml sample (1mg) of the suspension was injected interdermally.

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A Case of a 84-years-old male with 2 types of Grawitz's tumor is reported. This patient died of heart failure in spite of powerful treatments. At autopsy and pathological examination of this case, double cancers which consist of renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type) and renal adenocarcinoma tubulare (mined type) were revealed. At present double cancer is not rare, but double cancer of two types of the kidney is statistically rare.

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Partial situs inverses of abdominal organ has been reported rarely. The authors reported one of this case which was recently experienced and reviewed the articles. A 26-years-old man was admitted to our sanatorium with a chief complaint of severe right lower abdominal pain. We operated him under the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. But, there were neither ileocoecal region nor appendix vermiformis in the right lower abdominal cavity, but only we found out a sigmoid colon. In the post-operative course, several x-ray examinations were performed. The mean findings of x-ray films were as follows: (1) The heart and lung were located normaly. (2) The position of bronchus was normal and bronchiectasia was absent. (3) Inversion of the stomach and duodenum was seen. (4) The colon ascendens was located in the left side and the colon descendens was in the opposite side of the abdominal cavity. (5) The gallbladder was situated in almost midline of the abdominal cavity. (6) The kidney was in the normal position. From these findings the authors diagnosed this case as a partial visceral heterotaxia of abdominal organ.

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Fifty five cases of intracranial hematomas which were surgically treated in the hospital in last 5 years were statistically analysed especially concerning about the factors which seemed to influence on the surgical results.
1. 20 of 55 cases (male: 45 cases, female: 10 cases) were acute subdural, 17 were acute epidural hematomas and the others were subacute or chronic hematomas.
2. Over all mortality was 35% and that of acute subdural hematomas was as high as 70%. Mortality of acute subdural and epidural hematoma was higher in above the age 30 years old than in the younger generations.
3. 13 cases (65%) out of 20 of acute subdural hematomas showed continuous cloudiness of consciousness after the head injury, and as many as 11 of them died within 3 days after the operation. Serious and widespread brain contusions were found at the operation in 18 cases (80%) of acute subdural hematomas, in which 13 (81%) died after the surgery. Emergency operations were performed within 12 hours after the head injury in 16 cases of the acute subdural hematomas, of which 10 cases (63%) died and 6 (37%) survived. On the other hand, all of 4 acute subdural hematomas which were operated later than 12 hours after the injury died though extensive craniectomies and extirpation of the hematomas were done.
4. Mortality of the acute subdural hematoma is still very high especially in the case with continuous disturbance of consciousness after the head injury, widespread brain contusion or in the delayed operation. It seemed to be essential to acquire good operative results to perform the surgical treatment as soon as possible because we have no efficient method for the irreversible brain damage or acute brain swelling.

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Dynamics of the bladder and urethra were studied utilizing rentogenological methods in resistant and/or recurrent urinary tract infection in female patients combined with some clinical studies. Those patients could be divided into two group 1) deformed bladder and/or urethra group: 2) non-deformed group. In non-deformed group the bladder made a funnel shape pointing the head to the urethra and contracted itself co-ordinately on urination. In deformed group the bladder contracted uneqally forming a linear solid line in the bottom of the bladder following residual urine. Those changes were found in 11 patients out of 24 and 8 of which were received gynecological operations. The fact strongly suggested a relationship between the urinary tract infections and deformities in those organs due to gynecological operations. The deformed group showed strong resistance against many kinds of chemotherapies. In strong resistant and/or recurrent pyelonephritis cases, considerable degree of renal ptosis were observed in 25%, nephropexy was seemed to be useful operative procedures in those patients.

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The patients who were consulted and/or treated at the Urological Department of Atami National Hospital in 1975 were statistically analysed.
1) The total number of out-patients was 1327 with 755 males and 572 females, The ratio of male and female was 1.3 to 1.
2) The total number of inpatients was 215 with 162 males and 53 females. The ratio of male and female was 3 to 1.
3) The total number of operations was 244 with 19 nephrectomies, 21 prostatectomies, 13 ureterolithotomies, 42 endoscopic operations and others.

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