Thirty four hundreds ninety nine cases of birth at the Second Tokyo National Hospital during the period between November 1950 and June 1956 were classified into mature, premature and stillbirth groups. Their birth rate, rate of mortality, causes of death and history and present states of mothers were discussed.
1) Birth rate of the prematures was 11.9%, and the figure is higer than the average reported by the Ministry of Health & Welfare. On the other hand, the mortality rate was 1.3%, and it is lower than the average of Ministry of Health & Welfare.
2) Seventy eight point six per cent of the prematures had their weights of 2kg or more.
3) Forty per cent of the prematures under 1.999kg of body weights died within one week after their birth.
4) Sixty one point three per cent of the prematures were born at the 10th or 11th month.
5) There were 30 cases of twins and their mortality rate was equal to the normal.
6) Higher rate of premature delivery was observed in the advancing maternal age and advancing birth number.
7) The lowest premature mortality rate was seen in the group in which maternal ages were between 20 and 29. The rate increased when maternal ages were older or younger than the above age group.

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1) Statistical study was conducted on the deliveries, especially, on the incidence o premature infant, at the Kanazawa National Hospital, during the last four years.
2) Possible errors of measurements, which may occur in the clinical measurement was also examined.
3) The premature babies (2, 500g to 1, 501g of body weight at birth), except highly premature (under 1, 500g of body weight), were divided according to the weight by each step of 100g into 10 groups, and the averages in each group were sought for body weight, crown-heel length, thorax circumference and head circumference. Generally each measurement value was in proportion to other ones.
4) Indices which may indicate degree of prematurity were sought from the relationship between body weight and other measurement values.
These indices showed, generally, increase from the standard value in accordance with the advance of prematurity.
The indices of this kind may be used as one of the objective standard for the judgement and grouping of premature infant. They indicate degree of disproportion of body of premature infant.

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As for the errors of erythrocytes counts, distribution of red corpuscles in the counting cell is of great importance. The author conducted examination of the depth of cell. Although cell-depth can be measured easily by microscope with microscrew, this method has not been used in practice, because of its inacuracy and the cell-depth is generally measured by some special apparatus. They are, however, very expensive and not accessible. The author improved the microscopic method for practical use. The improved points were as follows;
1) Particles of soot or pigment, and staphylococci were tried as the marks, which should adhere on the surface of ruled platform and coverglass. Staphylococci were quite suitable for this purpose, while soot and pigment were not because of their inaccurate foci.
2) As for the focus of staphylococcus-mark, in stead of real focus, a so-called F' point, which locates near real focus shall be selected, because the F' point can be adjusted more accurately than the others.
3) Owins to the inadequateness of gea-wheel, the reading of the F' point on microscrew by downward turning did not always agree with the reading by the reversed (upward) turning. Therefore, backward turning of microscrew should be absolutely avoided, until the reading of upper and lower marks were finished. Furthermore, turning of microscrew shold be started from the point locating 40 microscrew degrees higher than the upper mark.
4) The graduation of microscrew is not so accurate that the reading by it is more or less variable in accordance with the selection of starting point. Hence, it was required to settle a base point in order to minimize the error.
According to the above mentioned procedures, amount of error of measurement was examined. The findings were as follows: (at every observation, three successive measurements were made to obtain mean value, and the mean value is designated henceforth “observation value”)
a) Amount of variation of the observation value at each location of a counting cell, though a couple of marks at every observation was not always the same, did not exceed 0.6 micron.
b) Amount of variation of the depth of coating cell in consequence of the replacement of coverglass was negligibly small, if the coverglass was laid on the same side and from the same direction and the Newton's bands on the platform of both sides showed similar figures.

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The etiology of fatigue is unknown, and as tuberculosis has many factors, the rise and fall of resulting substances of fatigue are very complicated. The author conducted a study on the concentration of lactic acid relating with fatigue and the influence of bed-rest upon it. Healthy persons selected with conditions of occupation, age, sex, time and TB patients were under measurements.
1) Average of lactic acid in sera of healthy persons was x=26.0±2.72mg%. Differences by sex can be found.(F_o=5.9>5.75)
2) The figure in the slight cases of TB was almost equal to that of healthy persons.
3) The figure in the serious was 50 to 80mg%. This may be explained from the shortage of oxygen due to the disturbance of respiratory areas.
4) By surgical operation of lungs, the figure increased to 50 to 100mg%. Incidentally, one case showed gradual decrease and other case showed increase later. These fluctuation may be resulted from the supply of oxygen, Vitamin B, , or the process in liver.
5) Practically, no differences of concentration in urine were found. The quantities of lactic acid in urine were almost equal at any degree (I to degrees) of bed-rest, howeber, remarkable increases were found at IV degree of bed-rest.
6) At most, II degree of bed-rest should be kept for 6 month of hospitalization.

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