Between epidemy of C. R. -positive P. A. P. and agglutinin value of healthy people in the same district a sort of relationship can be found.
On the beginning of the epidemy, remarkable high value cases can be found, but not on prolonged epidemy.
On the beginning of epidemy, along the alteration of it, positivity and negativity of C. R. of healthy people seems to be inverse each other. But, by prolonged epidemy, if positivity is relative low, negativity is also low. And, till at least 2∼3 years after epidemy, negativity seems to remain low.
By these facts, we believe to be able to inspect an epidemiological condition of P. A. P. of a district through C. R. results of so called healthy but latent infected people in the same district.

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Inactivating effects of two bactericidal surfactants, Sarabon-Di (octylamino ethyl) glycine hydrochloride (10w/v%) in polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether (3w/v%), and Osvan-Dimethylbenzyllauryl ammonium chloride (10w/v%), against polio virus type I (Mahoney strain) and adeno virus type 3 have been tested.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) 1ml of 1:125 diluted sarabon with Hanks' BSS was added to 1ml of polio virus cultivated medium (LY-BSS with 3% inactivated chick serum and streptomycin and kanamycin 100mcg/ml each) containing 10⁶TCD₅₀/ml of virus. The mixture was pipetted well and devided into two parts and each one was kept at 20°C and 40°C for one hour. Ten-fold dilution using BSS was made in these mixtures and six diluted materials were inoculated to 6 sets of three HeLa tubes in which the doses of polio virus were estimated to be 5×10³TCD₅₀/ml, 5×10²TCD₅₀/ml, and 5×10TCD₅₀/ml.
All inoculated HeLa tubes showed 3-4 cytopathic effects which appeared to be due to polio virus within a week after inoculation.
2) The same amount of virus cultivated medium containing 10⁴TCD₅₀/ml of adeno virus type 3 and a diluted sarabon (1:2, 500) were pipetted well and the mixtures were kept at 20°C and 40°C for one hour, Ten fold dilution of virus-sarabon mixtures were made and four sets of diluted materials were inoculated to HeLa tubes in which doses of virus were estimated to be 5×10²TCD₅₀/ml and 5×10TCD₅₀/ml.
In these series of experiment HeLa cells also revealed typical cytopathic effects due to adeno virus.
3) Using similar method to the above experiments the mixtures of polio virus suspension and diluted osvan (1:1, 000), adeno virus suspension and diluted osvan (1:500) were made. They were kept at 20°C for one hour, and the mixtures were diluted and inoculated to the HeLa tubes. In these instances, all HeLa cells developed typical CPE due to viruses used.
4) From these data the conclusions will be drawn that both sarabon and osvan do not have much potency of inactivating effects against polio and adeno viruses in spite of effectiveness of these surfactants to various pathogenic organisms such as staphylococci, dysentery bacilli, salmonella and candida albicans and so on.

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In order to know the status of adenovirus infections in Japan, both in-patients and outpatients from April, 1957 to August, 1962 at the Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara City, one of the satellite cities of Tokyo, were studied by means of complement fixation (CF) test.
1) The distribution of adenovirus CF antibody titer according to ages was studied on 571 patients without acute respiratory infection. Positive rate was low at the youngest group, 0-8 years, increased in proporttn to age, reached a plateau at the group of 17-20 years, maintained the plateau thereafter, and then decreased in much older age groups. The increase of the positive rate of CF titer in adult groups is due to frequent opportunities of being infected with adenovirus, indicating the widespreaed prevalence of adenovirus in the area.
2) The incidence of CF antibody titer of in-patients was compared with that out-patients, CF antibody titer 8 of the in-patients was 27.1%, while that of the out-patients was 19.0%, that is, higher titers were more frequent among the in-patients. Moreover the distribution of CF antibody showed that the longer the patients stayed at the hospital, the higher the incidence of positives became, indicating a fact that adenovirus infections are liable to occur among people in a hospital.
3) A fourpfold or greater increase and/or decrease in CF antibody titer was demonstrated in 36 cases out of 218 cases (16.3%) with acute respiratory disease without pneumonia and 32 cases out of 195 cases (16.3%) with primary atypical pneumonia which were given serum test more than twice.
The cases were found throughout the year, though we had more cases in spring and summer than in other seasons.
Clinical pictures of the disease were as the following:
The beginning symptoms were chill and high temperature which took place suddenly and severely. The high temperature came down rather soon, in 4.8 days on an average. Many of the cases had a headache and languor, 1 case developed rash, 3 cases diarrhoea and 3 cases swollen cervical lymph node, As a local symptom, conjunctival hyperemia as well as acute respiratory symptoms appeared on 19% of the acute respiratory disease group and on 12% of the primary atypical pneumonia group. Roentgenograms revealed densities mostly at the lower area of the right lung. These densities disappeared in 20 days on an average.
4) CF antibody titer had a tendency to increase about the end of the 1st week up to the maximum in the 2nd-3rd week, and then slowly decreased.
5) We had no special treatment, and chemotherapy was generally ineffective. There were no deaths.

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Serological and clinical studies were carried out on 258 cases of outpatients who suffered from acute respiratory diseases from December 1961, to March, 1962. The cases were treated at the ten national hospitals belonging to our unit, For the serological study, complement fixation test of influenza A & B, adenovirus infection, psittacosis were applied. Cold hemagglutination test were also done. The following results were obtained.
The etiological diagnosis were serologically determined in 111 among 258 cases (43.0 per cent).
One hundreds and forty seven out of 258 cases (57.0 per cent) were remained serologically unexplained.

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A clinical and virological study has been performed at this hospital for the past 4 years on aseptic meningitis among children.
The results were summarized as follows:
1) During the summers, 1958 through 1960, we were confronted with a new type of febrile exanthematosis among newly weaned infants. Since a good number of these patients were found to have an aseptic meningitis, and the virological study on spinal fluids was begun. A total of 51 cases of the exanthematosis were collected, of which 23 cases were associated with an aseptic meningitis. In 1959, an ECHO virus, type undetermined, was isolated in stools of 2 out of 7 cases examind. A complement-fixing antibody study was performed on sera from 9 patients, Rise of titers against ECHO viruses was significant in 4 patients and probably significant in 2 others.
During the 1960 season, however, several types of virus, such as the Coxsackie B5 and ECHO 6 viruses and an adenovirus, were isolated. Therefore it was considered that various kinds of virus were responsible for this infantile exanthematosis.
2) Other types of meningitis were also observed during the same period of study. Some of them were considered to be associated with mumps, anterior poliomyelitis, and non-polio enteroviruses. In others the etiologic agents were not determined, Brief case reports were made on 5 patients which took interesting courses; Case 1: prolonged paralysis with an ECHO virus, Case 2: prolonged paralysis with a double infection with the ECHO 6 and polio 1 viruses, Case 3: transient paralysis due to a Coxsackie or ECHO virus, Case 4: meningitis with exanthema and the Coxsackie B5 virus, Case 5: infantile diarrhea (Hakuri) with exanthema and the adenovirus 2.

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The purpose of this report is to present a summary of laboratory and clinical findings from four years cooperation study among sixteen National Hospitals on viral encephalitis and allied diseases such as poliomyelitis or aseptic meningitis, with particular reference to the relationship between clinical and serological diagnosis of illnesses.
Study Plan:
Sixteen national hospitals, i. e. the Tokyo-1, Tokyo-2, Sagamihara, Yokohama, Okura, Saitama, Tochigi, Konodai, Chiba, Nagoya, Kyoto, Okayama, Iwakuni, Beppu, Tsukushi, and Ureshino were participated in this study during a period from May 1956 to October 1959.
Abstracted copies of clinical record (including history, data of physical and laboratory examinations, course and treatment) of individual cases were requested to send to the First National Hospital for statistical study. At least two specimens of serum and cerebrospinal fluid from each cases were sent to the Virus laboratory of National Institute of Health for serological test, The data from the viral laboratory were referred to the clinical record of each cases.
Results:
1) Two hundreds and thirty cases were studied clinically at the national hospitals, of which the age and sex distribution is shown in Table 1.
2) Clinical diagnosis of these 230 cases, which was given by physicians at each hospitals were shown in Table 2.
3) Out of 230 cases, 138 were tested serologically. Other 92 were discarded because of inadequate specimens or of shortage of clinical informations.
Properly submitted specimens for antibody studies were 367 of serum and 184 of cerebrospinal fluid.
4) A summary of serological diagnosis of the cases with clinical manifestations of viral encephalitis and allied illness was shown in Table 3.
No antibody for West Nile was confirmed.
5) Clinical Findings of Japaneses B Encephalitis and Mumps-meningitis of which the diagnosis were confirmed serologically were compared in Table 4.
Comment:
The studies on Japanese B encephalitis have been done well in this country, but there are few reports concerning with the differencial diagnosis by means of serological studies, In a series of 138 patients, 77 cases of Japanese B Encephalitis were diagnosed clinically. Of these, 18 cases of JBE, 8 cases of mumps and 3 cases of polio were established their diagnosis by the serological tests. Out of 22 cases of aseptic meningitis, 4 were confirmed as JBE and 1 as mumps serologically, The studies on the diversity of viral agents infecting central nervous system are reported in literatures. The negative cases of this series should be tested with other virus antigen.

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Clinical and serological investigation of the recipients given two kind of measles virus vaccines were described. One of them was prepared in the Lederle' Laboratory and another one was prepared in Arakawa Laboratory.
One hundred and fourteen susceptible children were vaccinated by the former vaccine and other 41 were given placebo for control, Six hundred and ninety susceptible children were vaccinated by the latter vaccine and other 238 were given placebo for control.
Results is as follows:
1) Lederle' Vaccine:
Main clinical reactions following the vaccination were fever and rash. The average date of the onset of fever was 8.4th day and the mean duration was 3.4 days, As for rash, the onset 10.4th day and it lasted for 3.1 days. And those 86% of vaccinated children showed fever above 37.5°C and 56% showed rash. Mean of the maximum body temperature was found to be 39.2°C.
Meaningful antibody responses were observed in 53% when tested by CF test, and in 79% by means of neutralization test. It was suggested that antibody conversion rate was higher in the cases which showed both fever and rash than those without marked clinical manifestation. This vaccine was felt slightly lower in antibody responses than that follows natural infection, severe complication was found to be rare.
2) Arakawa' Vaccine:
No remarkable reaction were observed following vaccination. Satisfactory antibody responses were observed in 100% both tested by CF and neutralization test.
These results suggested the practical possibility of the measles immunization by live and inactive virus vaccine by the further improvement.

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Three methods of preventive inoculation including polyvalent influenza adjuvant vaccine were applied to 150 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in our sanatorium and the following results were obtained.
1) Side effects of 0.1ml adjuvant vaccine of flu A₁, A₂ and B 500 CCA/ml were mild intramuscularly. Eight cases showed accelerated sedimentation rates a week after the injection, and 6 out of 8 cases showed formol sedimentation rates 2 weeks after the injection.
2) Both 0.1ml intradermal injection and two times of 0.5ml subcutaneous injections of fluid vaccine of flu A₁, A₁ and B 300 CCA/ml also showed mild side reactions.
3) Hemagglutination-inhibition antibody (HI) titers of flu A₂ showed a remarkable elevation in each 3 methods of the inoculation, and no remarkable difference about the elevation of HI titers between of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and of healthy persons was observed.
4) No remarkable difference on the elevation of HI titers among types of pulmonary tuberculosis was recognized.
Therefore, the preventive inoculation of influenza vaccine in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis should be enforced.

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